Performance of lucerne genotypes for biomass production and nitrogen content differs in monoculture and in mixture with grasses and is partly predicted from traits recorded on isolated plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (11) ◽  
pp. 942 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amel Maamouri ◽  
Gaëtan Louarn ◽  
Vincent Béguier ◽  
Bernadette Julier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Habit ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Number ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Variety Performance

Grass–legume mixtures are key crops to improve agricultural sustainability. Despite their significant use in mixture, lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) varieties are mostly tested and bred for monocultures. This study was performed to evaluate whether the ranking of lucerne genotypes for biomass components and quality was similar in monoculture and mixture, and whether traits recorded on isolated plants could help to predict performance in monoculture and mixture. For 46 genotypes planted in the three competition conditions, plant biomass, shoot height, shoot number and protein content were recorded. In addition, maximum leaf size, internode length, stem diameter, growth habit, specific leaf area and leaf dry-matter content were measured on isolated plants. A general positive correlation was observed between the performance of genotypes in monoculture and in mixture. However, significant changes in genotype ranking indicated that the species of its neighbours could modify the relative performance of a genotype. The traits that minimised competition intensity also changed according to the neighbour species. In mixture, competition intensity was highest for plants with long internodes, a high shoot number and a non-erect growth habit. In monoculture, plants with long internodes and larges leaves suffered less from competition. The agronomic performance of lucerne varieties differing in their architecture should be compared in monoculture and mixture to finally identify the traits to be phenotyped to improve lucerne variety performance in both cultivation modes.

scholarly journals Morphological, Physiological and Nutritional Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Macaúba Palm Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
C. P. Hernández ◽  
Hewlley Acioli Imbuzeiro ◽  
Leonardo Duarte Pimentel ◽  
Paulo José Hamakawa ◽  
Arend-Jan Both
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Height

The commercial nurseries of macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) have experienced excessive seedling mortality, which is possibly due to the lack of information about the proper growing practices. The goal of this study was to investigate the response of macaúba seedlings to water stress using different irrigation frequencies during the early seedling stage. The experiment was carried out in a macaúba palm nursery located in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The treatments started 30 days after sowing. At 90 days after sowing, the morphological (number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot length, root weight and the fresh and dry matter content of leaves, stem and roots), physiological (allocation of photosynthates) and chemical (nutrient content in the shoot) characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that shoot height and stem diameter became smaller as the frequency of irrigation was reduced. However, the accumulation of fresh biomass in leaves and stems, and the leaf and root dry biomass became higher under the same condition. When water stress was induced in younger seedlings, the allocation of photosynthates occured more proportionally across all organs of the plants. The highest accumulation of K, S and Fe in the shoot were observed in plants that were exposed to water stress. N accumulation was higher in the aerial part of the seedlings as the irrigation frequency increased. However, the opposite behavior was observed for P, which accumulation was lowest in the control treatments.

INCREASE IN BIOMASS AND DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF SPRING BARLEY DEPENDING ON THE MINERAL NUTRITION LEVEL AND METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS

1970 ◽  
pp. 24-29
Author(s):  
O. А. Artyukhova ◽  
O. V. Gladysheva ◽  
V. А. Svirina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
In The Beginning

The article presents the results of a study of the effect of applying doses of mineral fertilizers (N0P0K0, N30P30K30, N60P60K60, N90P90K90) when cultivating varieties of spring barley (Vladimir, Reliable, Yaromir) on the formation of the area of leaf plates, the growth of green biomass and the accumulation of dry matter by crop plants in different years of moisture in the South of the Central non-Chernozem region. It was found that the use of mineral fertilizers in doses N60P60K60, N90P90K90 contributed to the greatest increase in the area of the assimilation apparatus and the growth of plant biomass. In the phase of entering the tube, the leaf area on the above backgrounds exceeded the control variants by an average of 49,6 and 63,3 % (Vladimir variety), 62,3 and 45,4 % (Reliable variety), and 44,6 and 53,2 % (Yaromir variety). The average growth of biomass in 2017-2019 with the use of N60P60K60, N90P90K90 increased compared to the control variants by 83,3 and 182,7 % (Vladimir variety), by 68,9 and 88,3 % (Reliable variety) and by 82,0 and 107,5 % (Yaromir variety) in the beginning of earing phase with further growth of this indicator to the phase of milk ripeness of plants. The percentage of dry matter in plants depended not only on the doses of mineral fertilizers, but also on weather conditions, namely, on the value of the Selyaninov hydrothermal moisture coefficient (SCC). With an increase in the applied rates of fertilizers, at values of GTC in the range of 0,37 – 0,44, dry matter is accumulated by plants, at values from 0,64 to 1,2, due to the provided moisture and greater water consumption by spring barley varieties, the percentage of dry matter content decreased. Yield – the final indicator of all conditions. Reliable and Yaromir varieties showed the greatest stability in obtaining a good harvest, which exceeded the values of control variants on average for 2017-2019 by 89,1 and 79,0 % on backgrounds N60P60K60 and N90P90K90 respectively. Correlations were determined for all the studied indicators.

scholarly journals The opportunities for obtaining of the biogas on methane fermentation from marine algae biomass and water plant biomass

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Ewa Jachniak ◽  
Joanna Chmura ◽  
Mariusz Kuglarz ◽  
Józef Wiktor
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Fucus Vesiculosus ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Methane Fermentation ◽  
Algae Biomass ◽  
Water Plant ◽  
Potamogeton Perfoliatus

The aim of the research was to try to obtain of the biogas on a laboratory scale from marine algae biomass and water plant biomass. The research was conducted in 2016 year and samples were taken from the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. In laboratory work, algae and plant species were first identified. The next, in order to subject them to methane fermentation processes and to obtain biogas,partial mechanical treatment of the biomass was conducted. Dry matter content and dry organic matter content were also determined. The research has shown different production of the biogas depending on the various species of the algae and plants. The percentage composition of the biogas was also determined (% CO2 and % CH4). In this research some kinds and species of algae and aquatic plants were distinguished: Scytosiphon cf. S. tortilis, Fucus vesiculosus, Cladophora, Audouinella, Potamogeton perfoliatus. Production of biogas from selected algae and water plants oscillated between 0.023 dm3·g-1 and 0.303 dm3·g-1. The highest content of the methane in biogas was obtained from the mixture of Ectocarpus from spring and autumn harvest (values oscillated from 80.7 % to 81.2 %), while the highest percentage share of carbon dioxide in the biogas was characterized by the mixture Fucus vesiculosus and Audouinella (22 %). Due to a small amount of the research in this field, more research is needed.

scholarly journals Use of Fertigation and Municipal Solid Waste Compost for Greenhouse Pepper Cultivation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos Tzortzakis ◽  
Sofia Gouma ◽  
Eleni Dagianta ◽  
Christos Saridakis ◽  
Maria Papamichalaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Municipal Solid Waste Compost

Municipal solid waste compost (MSWC) and/or fertigation used in greenhouse pepper (Capsicum annuumL.) cultivation with five different substrates with soil (S) and/or MSWC mixtures (0–5–10–20–40%) used with or without fertigation. Plants growth increased in 10–20% MSWC and fertigation enhanced mainly the plant height. Fruit number increased in S : MSWC 80 : 20 without fertilizer. Plant biomass increased as MSWC content increased. There were no differences regarding leaf fluoresces and plant yield. The addition of MSWC increased nutritive value (N, K, P, organic matter) of the substrate resulting in increased EC. Fruit fresh weight decreased (up to 31%) as plants grown in higher MSWC content. Fruit size fluctuated when different MSWC content used into the soil and the effects were mainly in fruit diameter rather than in fruit length. Interestingly, the scale of marketable fruits reduced as MSWC content increased into the substrate but addition of fertilizer reversed this trend and maintained the fruit marketability. MSWC affected quality parameters and reduced fruit acidity, total phenols but increased fruit lightness. No differences observed in fruit dry matter content, fruit firmness, green colour, total soluble sugars and EC of peppers and bacteria (total coliform andE. coli) units. Low content of MSWC improved plant growth and maintained fruit fresh weight for greenhouse pepper without affecting plant yield, while fertigation acted beneficially.

scholarly journals The Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria on Transplants Growth and Lettuce Yield in Organic Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
Anna Szafirowska ◽  
Waldemar Kowalczyk ◽  
Justyna Szwejda-Grzybowska ◽  
Agnieszka Włodarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting

AbstractApplication of beneficial bacterial strain B125 (Enterobactersp.) and strain PZ9 (Bacillussp.) in lettuce transplants production significantly enhanced seed germination and plant biomass. The best effect was obtained when the mixture of B125 and PZ9 was used. Combined application of these bacteria significantly increased transplants biomass, which was about 45% higher than that in the control. However, after planting these transplants in organic field, generally, there were no differences in yield and nutrient content in plants treated and not treated with the bacteria, except for nitrogen and vitamin C. The lettuce grown from transplants treated with bacterial mixture B125 + PZ9 contained significantly higher nitrogen than plants from other treatments. Opposite to nitrogen, bacterial applications decreased the amount of vitamin C. The growth and organic lettuce composition was affected by planting time. The yield was higher in spring, but the concentration of nutrients in these plants was lower than that in plants harvested in autumn. Climatic and light conditions in the late season were the reasons for increased dry matter content, minerals, phenolic compounds, and vitamin C, as well as high concentration of nitrates.

The use of treated wastewater and fertigation in greenhouse pepper crop as affecting growth and fruit quality

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Dagianta ◽  
Dimitrios Goumas ◽  
Thrassyvoulos Manios ◽  
Nikos Tzortzakis
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Alternative Means ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
L Value

The performance and suitability of tertiary treated wastewater (TW) and/or fertigation (F) in pepper plants were studied over a 4-month period in greenhouse conditions. Four treatments were used consisting of (1) water, (2) water + F, (3) TW, and (4) TW + F. The F and/or TW application increased plant height and plant biomass compared with the control plants (irrigated with water) while no differences were observed in the number of leaves produced. Plants grown with TW + F were thicker than control plants. The addition of F increased fruit number in both water and TW, which resulted in increased plant yield and fruit marketability for the water application but decreased mean fruit weight for TW application. The application of TW increased fruit total soluble solids but decreased fruit firmness whereas adding F, these changes were normalized. The F and/or TW application reduced fruit total phenolics, fruit acidity, and fruit length but not fruit diameter. No differences were observed in fruit dry matter content, fruit color/lightness (a, b, and L value). Bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli) units on the fruits did not differ among the treatments. The results indicate that wastewater may act as an alternative means of irrigation if following strict safety aspects while the fertigation acted beneficially.

Optimum harvest date of maize for biogas and silage purposes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-125
Author(s):  
G. Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Vegetative Organs

The dry matter and moisture contents of the aboveground vegetative organs and kernels of four maize hybrids were studied in Martonvásár at five harvest dates, with four replications per hybrid. The dry matter yield per hectare of the kernels and other plant organs were investigated in order to obtain data on the optimum date of harvest for the purposes of biogas and silage production.It was found that the dry mass of the aboveground vegetative organs, both individually and in total, did not increase after silking. During the last third of the ripening period, however, a significant reduction in the dry matter content was sometimes observed as a function of the length of the vegetation period. The data suggest that, with the exception of extreme weather conditions or an extremely long vegetation period, the maximum dry matter yield could be expected to range from 22–42%, depending on the vegetation period of the variety. The harvest date should be chosen to give a kernel moisture content of above 35% for biogas production and below 35% for silage production. In this phenophase most varieties mature when the stalks are still green, so it is unlikely that transport costs can be reduced by waiting for the vegetative mass to dry.

Persistence of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and its dependence on the biochemical composition

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-19
Author(s):  
Е.В. Янченко
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Modern Varieties

Цель исследований – дать оценку сохраняемости и болезнеустойчивости современных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой и определить корреляционные зависимости влияния биохимических показателей качества на сохраняемость и степень поражения моркови столовой различными видами болезней в процессе хранения. Исследования проводились в 2011–2016 годах во ВНИИО – филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО по общепринятым методикам. В биохимической лаборатории отдела земледелия и агрохимии содержание сухого вещества определяли высушиванием до абсолютно сухого веса, общего сахара – по Бертрану, аскорбиновой кислоты – по Мурри, нитраты – ионоселективным методом. При характеристике моркови столовой важнейший показатель, определяющий его качество – количество сухого вещества и сахаров. В процессе хранения были выявлены следующие болезни моркови: серая гниль (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), белая гниль (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.)), белая парша (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), альтернариоз (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). В большей степени сортообразцы моркови столовой поражались серой гнилью. Лучшими по сохраняемости сортообразцами были Корсар (94,6%), F1Берлин (94,5%), Берликум Роял (94,1%) и F1 Звезда (94%). Сохраняемость у зарубежных сортов и гибридов моркови столовой была немного выше, чем у отечественных (на 0,4%) как за счет меньшей величины убыли массы (6,3% против 6,4%), так и потерь от болезней (1,6% против 1,9%). Сохраняемость корнеплодов моркови находится в прямой корреляционной зависимости от содержания сухого вещества (r=+0,41), каротиноидов (r=+0,39), моносахаров (r­=+0,30) и суммы сахаров (r=+0,27). Проявление серой гнили находится в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества и каротиноидов (r=-0,37 и r=-0,35 соответственно), белой парши – в прямой корреляции с содержанием сухого вещества , моносахаров и дисахаров (r= +0,21; r= +0,39; r= -0,41 соответственно), белой гнили в обратной корреляционной связи с содержанием сухого вещества, моносахаров и дисахаров. The purpose of the research is to assess the persistence and disease resistance of modern varieties and hybrids of carrots and to determine the correlation between the influence of biochemical quality indicators on the persistence and degree of damage to carrots by various types of diseases during storage. The research was conducted in 2011–2016 at ARRIVG – branch of FSBSI FSVC, according to generally accepted methods. In the biochemical laboratory of the Department of Agriculture and Agrochemistry, the dry matter content was determined by drying to absolutely dry weight, total sugar – by Bertran, ascorbic acid – by Murri, nitrates – by the ion-selective method. When describing carrots, the most important indicator that determines its quality is the amount of dry matter and sugars. During storage, the following diseases of carrots were detected: gray rot (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.), white rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.), white scab (Rhizoctonia carotae Rad.), alternariasis (Alternaria radicina M., Dr. et E.). To a greater extent, varieties of table carrots were affected by gray rot. The best preserved varieties were Corsar (94.6%), F1 Berlin (94.5%), Berlicum Royal (94.1%) and F1 Zvezda (94%). The persistence of foreign varieties and hybrids of table carrots was slightly higher than that of domestic ones by 0.4%. both due to a smaller amount of weight loss (6.3% vs. 6.4%) and losses from diseases (1.6% vs. 1.9%). The persistence of carrot root crops is directly correlated with the content of dry matter (r=+0.41), carotenoids (r=+0.39), monosaccharides (r=+0.30) and the amount of sugars (r=+0.27). The manifestation of gray rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter and carotenoids (r=-0.37 and r=-0.35, respectively), white scab is in direct correlation with the content of dry matter (r= +0.21; r= +0.39; r= –0.41, respectively), white rot is in inverse correlation with the content of dry matter, monosaccharides and disaccharides.

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