scholarly journals Morphological, Physiological and Nutritional Effects of Irrigation Frequency on Macaúba Palm Seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
C. P. Hernández ◽  
Hewlley Acioli Imbuzeiro ◽  
Leonardo Duarte Pimentel ◽  
Paulo José Hamakawa ◽  
Arend-Jan Both
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Seedling Mortality ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Shoot Height

The commercial nurseries of macaúba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) have experienced excessive seedling mortality, which is possibly due to the lack of information about the proper growing practices. The goal of this study was to investigate the response of macaúba seedlings to water stress using different irrigation frequencies during the early seedling stage. The experiment was carried out in a macaúba palm nursery located in João Pinheiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The treatments started 30 days after sowing. At 90 days after sowing, the morphological (number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot length, root weight and the fresh and dry matter content of leaves, stem and roots), physiological (allocation of photosynthates) and chemical (nutrient content in the shoot) characteristics were evaluated. The results indicated that shoot height and stem diameter became smaller as the frequency of irrigation was reduced. However, the accumulation of fresh biomass in leaves and stems, and the leaf and root dry biomass became higher under the same condition. When water stress was induced in younger seedlings, the allocation of photosynthates occured more proportionally across all organs of the plants. The highest accumulation of K, S and Fe in the shoot were observed in plants that were exposed to water stress. N accumulation was higher in the aerial part of the seedlings as the irrigation frequency increased. However, the opposite behavior was observed for P, which accumulation was lowest in the control treatments.

scholarly journals Water Supply and Temperature Effects on Some Nutritive Constituents of Direct Sown Onion

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Attila OMBÓDI ◽  
Andrea LUGASI ◽  
Hussein Gehad DAOOD ◽  
Mária BERKI ◽  
Lajos HELYES
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Nutritive Quality ◽  
Dry Conditions

Irrigation is a prerequisite for economical onion production under dry conditions. However, its effect on dry matter and nutrient content often remains a concern for growers. A direct sown onion hybrid was grown under open field, rain-fed and irrigated conditions for three years, investigating the effects of air temperature and water supply on some nutritive constituents. Dry matter, storage sugar, total flavonol and total polyphenol content showed strong positive correlation with average air temperature and negative correlation with water supply. However, irrigation had a positive effect on storage sugar and dry matter content. Presumably better water supply during dry periods ensured by irrigation provided the basis for higher photosynthetic production, and hereby more dry matter partitioning and accumulation in the bulb, a storage organ. An unexpected decrease in vitamin C content was experienced in 2011 and 2012, compared to the result of 2010, which was explained by the hot and dry conditions of the pre-harvest irrigation cut-off period. Fibre and ash content was found to be the most stable nutritional characteristics, affected neither by the environmental conditions, nor by the irrigation. Irrigation has proved to be very beneficial for direct sown onion, doubling bulb yield while not affecting the nutritive quality negatively.

scholarly journals Variation in Nutritional Components in Roots From Ahipa (Pachyrhizus ahipa (Wedd.) Parodi) Accessions and an Interspecific Hybrid (P. Ahipa × P. Tuberosus (Lam.) Spreng.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo O. Leidi-Montes ◽  
Youssef Ech-Liach ◽  
Sabina Rossini-Oliva ◽  
Marten Sørensen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Functional Components ◽  
Root Quality

Among the many neglected underutilized species, tuberous Andean root crops like the ahipas (Pachyrhizus ahipa) constitute a promising alternative for increasing diversity in nutrient sources and food security at a regional level. In this study, we present the content of some functional compounds in tuberous roots from several ahipa accessions and the progenies of the interspecific hybrid X207 (P. ahipa × P. tuberosus). A significant objective was to determine protein and free amino acids in the roots to evaluate their food quality as protein supply. The interspecific hybrids have been found to possess the root quality to provide the crop with a higher dry matter content. The high dry matter content of the P. tuberosus Chuin materials is retained in the root quality of the hybrids. Food functional components like carbohydrates, organic acids, and proteins were determined in several ahipa accessions and a stable (non-segregating) progeny of the interspecific hybrid, X207. The X207 roots showed a significantly higher dry matter content and a lower content in soluble sugars, but no significant differences were found in starch content or organic acids compared to the ahipa accessions. About the root mineral contents, Fe and Mn concentrations in X207 were significantly raised compared to the average of ahipa accessions. Among the ahipa and the hybrid, no prominent differences in protein content or protein amino acids were found, being both partially defective in providing sufficient daily intake of some essential amino acids. Root weight, a central component of root yield, was significantly higher in X207, but thorough field studies are required to substantiate the hybrid’s superior yield performance..

scholarly journals Yield traits as selection indices in seedling populations of cassava

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry Fred Ojulong ◽  
Maryke Tine Labuschagne ◽  
Liezel Herselman ◽  
Martin Fregene
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Breeding Scheme ◽  
Selection Indices ◽  
Root Quality

The cassava breeding scheme currently used is long, because initial stages concentrate mainly on improving yield, with root quality selection following later. To shorten the scheme, yield and root quality should be selected simultaneously, starting at the seedling nursery. In this study, a nursery comprising of eight cassava families and 1885 seedlings developed from parents adapted to three major agro-ecologies, were evaluated for yield related traits in Colombia. Percentage dry matter content (DMC) and harvest index produced similar ranking of the parents. Tuber yield, weight, and number showed potential of increasing yield through conventional breeding. A selection index including fresh root yield, percentage DMC, root weight and roots per plant, with heavier weights being assigned to root weight and roots per plant, should be used.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress, leaf photosynthetic capacity and dry matter content in young mangrove plant Rhizophora mucronata Lam. under prolonged submergence and soil water stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 1609-1622
Author(s):  
Kodikara Arachchilage Sunanda Kodikara ◽  
Ranasinghe Pathmasiri ◽  
Aziz Irfan ◽  
Jayatissa Loku Pullukuttige ◽  
Sanduni Kanishka Madarasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Rhizophora Mucronata ◽  
Mangrove Plant ◽  
Soil Water Stress

Evaluation of kepok banana corm fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger as feeds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabarta Sembiring ◽  
Pratiwi Trisunuwati ◽  
Osfar Sjofjan ◽  
Irfan Djunaidi
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Incubation Time ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Inoculum Dose ◽  
Microbial Strains

This study evaluated the nutritional and tannin contents of cooked Kepok banana corm, fermented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus niger. Corm meal was pretreated by steam for 1 hour at 102 0C before fermenting. The pretreated corms were inoculated with 10% (w/v) inoculum dose with additional nutrient mono-culture or co-culture. A completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement was used to investigate two main factors: microbial strains and incubation time, with three subfactors each, resulting in nine treatment combinations and three replications. The microbial strain and incubation time significantly (P>0.01) affected the nutrient content of fermented Kepok banana corms. The highest dry matter content (91.84%) was achieved by incubation with S. cerevisiae for 48 h, while 89.61% organic matter was obtained by fermentation with both S. cerevisiae + A. niger for 48 h. The highest crude protein content was 5.81%, which resulted from treatment with S. cerevisiae for 96 h, increasing the crude protein by 61% compared to the control (3.58% crude protein). Fermentation by the microbe consortium (S. cerevisiae + A. niger) for 72 h, produced maximum starch (35.54 g/100 g) and energy (3511 Kcal/kg) values. Thus, the fermented products are a potential source of energy, to be used as feed ingredients.

Genetic variation amongst swede varieties and their hybrids and their response to soil fertility

1976 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Denton ◽  
W. J. Whittington
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Shoot Weight

SummaryThe mean total yield and mean fresh weight of seven swede varieties and their F1 hybrids was increased primarily by nitrogen and also by phosphorus fertilizer. There was no evidence of genotype × environment interaction for characters concerned with yield except for dry-matter content where two varieties, Best-of-All and Reform, were less stable to fertility environments than the others. Heterosis was common amongst F1 hybrids and this suggests their use in swede improvement: the inheritance pattern of root weight showed overdominance, shoot weight showed partial dominance and drymatter content showed additivity, with no evidence of gene interaction. Segregation for root fresh weight and dry-matter content occurred in F2 populations and although an overall negative correlation was found there was evidence that progeny from certain crosses gave reasonable prospects of combining both characters.

scholarly journals Temperature Effect on Skin Adhesion, Cell Wall Enzyme Activity, Lignin Content, Anthocyanins, Growth Parameters, and Periderm Histochemistry of Sweetpotato

2007 ◽  
Vol 132 (5) ◽  
pp. 729-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia E. Villavicencio ◽  
Sylvia M. Blankenship ◽  
G. Craig Yencho ◽  
Judith F. Thomas ◽  
C. David Raper
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Growth Temperature ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Storage Root ◽  
Skin Loss

Sweetpotatoes [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] often experience significant epidermal loss during harvest and postharvest handling. Skin loss causes weight loss, shriveling of the root surface, and increased susceptibility to pathogen attack as well as poor appearance. It is not known if sweetpotatoes show variation in skin adhesion, cell wall enzyme activity and components, and growth parameters with growth temperature or if skin loss can be explained on the basis of variation among these variables. Skin adhesion, polygalacturonase (PG) and pectin methylesterase (PME) activity, lignin, anthocyanin, and dry matter content were measured in the periderm of ‘Beauregard’ roots grown at various temperatures under controlled conditions. Biomass dry matter content, storage root yield, root length, diameter, and weight at harvest were recorded. Histochemical and anatomical characteristics of periderm of roots were studied. Growth temperature affected skin adhesion, PG and PME activity, periderm and biomass dry matter content, yield, storage root weight, and diameter. High temperatures (34/31 °C day/night) yielded roots that were smaller and more resistant to skin loss. These roots had a periderm composed of more cell layers with a lower dry matter content than roots grown at lower and intermediate temperatures (27/24 °C and 20/17 °C). In cured roots, the correlation between skin adhesion and PG activity was negative (r = 0.544, P = 0.0006) and positive between skin adhesion and PME (r = 0.319, P = 0.05). For most of the variables studied, the interaction between growing temperature and curing was significant. Curing improved skin adhesion, but the effect of curing was dependent on the root growth temperature. The periderm of roots grown at higher temperatures was thicker and had more layers than that of roots grown at lower temperatures. Histochemical studies of the periderm of sweetpotato showed that the anatomical and structural composition of the cell walls differ depending on growth temperature.

scholarly journals THE EVAL UA TION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF RHIZOBIUM LEG UMINOSAR UM STRAINS IN DIFFERENT HOST PLANTS

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Ina Alsiņa ◽  
Anita Anševica ◽  
Laila Dubova ◽  
Inta Dudare ◽  
Maiga Niedrīte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Rhizobium Strains ◽  
Host Plant Specificity

Pot experiments were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of six Rhizobium leguminosarum strains stored at the collection of Latvia University of Agriculture. Three of them are included at international Rhizobium data base. The obtained results showed that all Rhizobium strains were active and inoculated plants formed nodules on the roots. Inoculation with Rhizobium strains increased the proportion between shoots and root weight. The dry matter content of inoculated plants increased in comparison with untreated ones. The negative correlation between the plant weight and nitrogen content in the dry mater of shoots was observed. The host plant specificity was observed for tested Rhizobium leguminosarum strains.

Effects of water stress on dry matter content and partitioning in four grapevine cultivars (Vitis vinifera L.)

OENO One ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Gómez-del-Campo ◽  
Pilar Baeza ◽  
C. Ruiz ◽  
José Ramón Lissarrague
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Irrigation Treatment ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Dry Matter Partitioning ◽  
Accumulation Pattern

<p style="text-align: justify;">Three-year-old grapevines of four cultivars (Garnacha tinta (Grenache noir), Tempranillo, Chardonnay and Airén) were grown on 35 L container under full irrigation and restricted irrigation conditions in order to determine the effect of water stress on carbohydrate allocation. Total grapevine dry matter was measured at pruning, fruitset, veraison and harvest. Roots, wood, shoots, leaves and clusters were dried separately. Shoots were the most affected organs by water stress, while wood was the least affected. Vines under water stress partitioned more dry matter to wood and roots to the detriment of fruits and shoots. The period from fruitset to veraison was the most active for dry matter accumulation under conditions of stress, whereas non-water stressed vines accumulated more dry matter from veraison to harvest. Under both irrigation treatments, fruits competed with roots for dry matter partitioning. Irrigation treatment and cultivar determined fruit size. Fruit size determined dry matter partitioning between organs and the dry matter accumulation pattern.</p>

Comparison of Transflectance and Reflectance to Analyse Hog Manures

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Saeys ◽  
J. Xing ◽  
J. De Baerdemaeker ◽  
H. Ramon
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Nir Spectroscopy ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Least Squares Regression ◽  
Total N ◽  
Sample Presentation

In this study, the reflectance and transflectance sample presentation mode were compared for the analysis of the nutrient content of hog ( Sus domesticus) manure using visible and near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. A total of 194 hog manures, which were collected in the spring of 2004 from farms in the northern part of Belgium, were assayed by conventional wet chemical analysis and spectroscopy for the following constituents: dry matter content (DM), organic matter content (OM), pH, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (Ntot), ammonium nitrogen (NH4-N), phosphorus (P), potash (K), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg). Samples were scanned with a Foss NIRSystems Model 6500 scanning monochromator in reflectance and transflectance mode, respectively. A ceramic reference was measured in between the two modes. The monochromator was equipped with a DCFA sample presentation unit and ranges from 400 to 2498 nm. Partial least squares regression was employed to relate the spectral information to the nutrient content. The PLS models were calibrated for both sample presentation modes using leave-one-out cross-validation. The results of this study showed that the transflectance mode performed better than the reflectance mode. From the transflectance measurements, very good quantitative predictions for total N, good quantitative predictions for K, DM and OM, approximate predictions for NH4-N, P and Mg, very approximate predictions for Ca and a discrimination between high and low values for Na were obtained. pH was not predictable. The reflectance measurements were able to provide good quantitative predictions for total N and K, approximate quantitative predictions for NH4-N, very approximate predictions for DM, OM, P and Mg and discrimination between high and low values for Ca. Na was even less predictable and pH might be unpredictable.

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