Phosphorus acquisition by three wheat cultivars contrasting in aluminium tolerance growing in an aluminium-rich volcanic soil

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Seguel ◽  
Pablo Cornejo ◽  
Ariel Ramos ◽  
Erik Von Baer ◽  
Jonathan Cumming ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Volcanic Soil ◽  
P Efficiency ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

Phosphorus (P) deficiency and aluminium (Al) phytotoxicity are major limitations for crop yield in acid soils. To ameliorate such limitations, agricultural management includes application of lime and P fertilisers, and the use of Al-tolerant plant genotypes. The mechanisms of Al tolerance and P efficiency may be closely related through strategies that decrease the toxicity of the Al3+ ion and increase P availability in soils. However, the effects of soils with high Al saturation on P acquisition by wheat have been little studied under field conditions. The aim of this work was to study Al–P interactions on wheat genotypes of contrasting Al tolerance when grown under field conditions in a volcanic soil with high Al saturation (32%) and low pH (5.0). A field-plot experiment was performed with winter wheat genotypes, two Al-tolerant (TCRB14 and TINB14) and one Al-sensitive (STKI14), with application of 0, 44 and 88 kg P ha–1. At the end of tillering and after physiological maturity (90 and 210 days after sowing), plants were harvested and yield and P and Al concentrations in shoots and roots were measured. Soil acid phosphatase, root arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonisation, AM spore number and soil glomalin were determined. Shoot and root production and P uptake were higher in Al-tolerant genotypes than the sensitive genotype. In addition, root AM colonisation and soil acid phosphatase activity were also higher in tolerant genotypes. By contrast, Al concentration in shoots and roots was higher in the sensitive genotype with a concomitant decrease in P concentration. Grain yield of Al-tolerant genotypes was higher than of the Al-sensitive genotype with and without P fertiliser. Overall, the Al-tolerant genotypes were more effective at P acquisition from soil as well as from P fertiliser added, suggesting that plant traits such as Al tolerance, P efficiency, and AM colonisation potential co-operate in overcoming adverse acid soil conditions.

Molecular characterization and mapping of ALMT1, the aluminium-tolerance gene of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Raman ◽  
Kerong Zhang ◽  
Mehmet Cakir ◽  
Rudi Appels ◽  
David F Garvin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Deletion Mapping ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Almt1 Gene ◽  
Tolerance Gene

The major aluminum (Al) tolerance gene in wheat ALMT1 confers. An Al-activated efflux of malate from root apices. We determined the genomic structure of the ALMT1 gene and found it consists of 6 exons interrupted by 5 introns. Sequencing a range of wheat genotypes identified 3 alleles for ALMT1, 1 of which was identical to the ALMT1 gene from an Aegilops tauschii accession. The ALMT1 gene was mapped to chromosome 4DL using 'Chinese Spring' deletion lines, and loss of ALMT1 coincided with the loss of both Al tolerance and Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance in each of 5 different doubled-haploid populations was found to be conditioned by a single major gene. When ALMT1 was polymorphic between the parental lines, QTL and linkage analyses indicated that ALMT1 mapped to chromosome 4DL and cosegregated with Al tolerance. In 2 populations examined, Al tolerance also segregated with a greater capacity for Al-activated malate efflux. Aluminium tolerance was not associated with a particular coding allele for ALMT1, but was significantly correlated with the relative level of ALMT1 expression. These findings suggest that the Al tolerance in a diverse range of wheat genotypes is primarily conditioned by ALMT1.Key words: aluminum, tolerance, genetic marker, Triticum aestivum, QTL, deletion mapping.

Pollen̵1Pistil Interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla Provide No Evidence of a Selection Mechanism for Aluminium Tolerance

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 541 ◽  
Author(s):  
LM Egerton-Warbuton ◽  
BJ Griffin ◽  
BB Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Tube ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Forest Site ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Mine Site ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Selection For

Selection for aluminium (Al) tolerance was assessed by studying pollen-pistil interactions in Eucalyptus calophylla trees colonising a 30-year-old abandoned coal mine-site (soil pH 4.3) compared with E. calophylla trees on an adjacent forest-site (soil pH 5.3). Energy-dispersive X-ray micro-analysis of reproductive tissues demonstrated that low levels of Al occurred in the stigma, lower style and unfertilised ovules of forest-site flowers. In contrast, significantly higher levels of Al were detected in all reproductive tissues of mine-site flowers. Al concentrations were higher at the base of the style than in the stigma. Al was also detected in stigmatic exudates of mine-site flowers. Selection for Al tolerance occurred in the anther of mine-site flowers as pollen from mine-site flowers germinated six-fold (15.6%) compared with forest-site pollen (2.6%) at the highest concentration of Al (22 ppm) used. However, the rate of pollen tube growth was not significantly different between mine- and forest-sites at any Al concentration. Tolerance of Al by the mine-site pollen was not shared by the progeny as there was no increase in the survival or growth of mine-site seedlings in mine soils over forest-site seedlings. Controlled pollinations between mine-/forest-site pollen and mine-site pistils demonstrated that there was no significant difference in the number of mine- or forest-site pollen tubes at any level in the style in mine-site pistils. Pollen tube abnormalities principally occurred in mine-site pistils. We concluded that there is no evidence yet for a genetically-based tolerance of Al in E. calophylla on coal mining soils.

Combining ability for aluminium tolerance in triticale

1999 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 371-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. G. ZHANG ◽  
R. S. JESSOP ◽  
F. ELLISON
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Additive Genetic Variance ◽  
Diallel Analysis ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Polygenic System

Root re-growth, following aluminium (Al) stress, has been used as an indicator of Al stress tolerance. Genetic variation in root re-growth characteristics among eight triticale genotypes was investigated by a diallel analysis. Highly significant variation due to both general combining ability (GCA) effects and specific combining ability (SCA) effects indicated that both additive effects and non-additive effects were important in explaining the genetic variation for Al tolerance. The high estimates of heritability and the predictability ratio for root re-growth revealed the preponderance of additive genetic variance in the inheritance of Al tolerance. Differences in patterns of GCA effects and SCA effects among the parents provided strong evidence that the genetic control of variation for Al tolerance as assessed by root re-growth was a complex polygenic system. Three Al-tolerant genotypes, Tahara, Abacus, and 19th ITSN 70–4, were found to be the best general combiners for larger root re-growth, and they could be used in hybridization programmes to improve Al stress tolerance by following a simple pedigree method of selective breeding.

The kinetics of soil acid phosphatase

1976 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C.J. Irving ◽  
D.J. Cosgrove
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

scholarly journals Roles of Organic Acid Anion Secretion in Aluminium Tolerance of Higher Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin-Tong Yang ◽  
Yi-Ping Qi ◽  
Huan-Xin Jiang ◽  
Li-Song Chen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acid ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Anion Channels ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Anion Secretion ◽  
Organic Acid Anion ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Root Plasma Membrane

Approximately 30% of the world’s total land area and over 50% of the world’s potential arable lands are acidic. Furthermore, the acidity of the soils is gradually increasing as a result of the environmental problems including some farming practices and acid rain. At mildly acidic or neutral soils, aluminium(Al) occurs primarily as insoluble deposits and is essentially biologically inactive. However, in many acidic soils throughout the tropics and subtropics, Al toxicity is a major factor limiting crop productivity. The Al-induced secretion of organic acid (OA) anions, mainly citrate, oxalate, and malate, from roots is the best documented mechanism of Al tolerance in higher plants. Increasing evidence shows that the Al-induced secretion of OA anions may be related to the following several factors, including (a) anion channels or transporters, (b) internal concentrations of OA anions in plant tissues, (d) temperature, (e) root plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPase, (f) magnesium (Mg), and (e) phosphorus (P). Genetically modified plants and cells with higher Al tolerance by overexpressing genes for the secretion and the biosynthesis of OA anions have been obtained. In addition, some aspects needed to be further studied are also discussed.

Utilization of M. sativa ssp. caerulea × M. sativa ssp. sativa hybridization in improvement of alfalfa aluminium tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
Dragan Milić ◽  
Ksenija Taški-Ajduković ◽  
Nevena Nagl ◽  
Jovanka Atlagić ◽  
Đura Karagić
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Principal Coordinates Analysis ◽  
Principal Coordinates

AbstractSensitivity of alfalfa to acidity and aluminium (Al) toxicity in soil is the major limiting factor in broadening of its growing area. Due to lack of Al tolerance in primary alfalfa germplasm, there is a need for transfer of genes for Al tolerance from other Medicago germplasm. One of the identified sources of Al tolerance is M. sativa ssp. caerulea accession PI 464724, which was used as a female parent in our study. The objectives of this study were: (i) obtaining the tetraploid offspring from 2x–4x M. sativa ssp. caerulea – M. sativa ssp. sativa spontaneous crosses, and (ii) development of a breeding strategy for Al/acid tolerance in alfalfa, using M. sativa ssp. caerulea as a source of Al tolerance. Out of eleven fully developed plants, five were morphologically similar to M. sativa ssp. caerulae, while six plants were similar to M. sativa ssp. sativa. All tested plants were fertile, with the pollen viability ranging from 21.45 to 97.09% and the average number of ovules per plant from 8.80 to 12.29. Eleven SSR primer pairs confirmed the hybrid nature of M. sativa ssp. caerulae × M. sativa ssp. sativa offspring. Both the Cluster Analysis and the Principal Coordinates Analysis separated plants in the caerulae type from plants in the sativa type, with one exception. Strategies based on conventional and molecular marker breeding efforts could lead towards development of tolerant alfalfa cultivars and successful crop production on acidic, Al-contaminated soils.

scholarly journals Deep expression scrutiny of juxtaposed wild and cultivated lentil furnishes new insight into aluminium tolerance mechanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Singh ◽  
Chandan Kumar Singh ◽  
Jyoti Taunk ◽  
Ram Sewak Singh Tomar ◽  
Madan Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathway Analysis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Al Toxicity ◽  
Aluminium Tolerance ◽  
Regulation Of Transcription ◽  
Al Tolerance ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Al Stress ◽  
Protein Ubiquitination

Abstract Background: Aluminium (Al) stress hinders crop productivity in acidic soils. Lentil contains rich source of protein and micronutrients and cultivated in different parts of world. To enhance knowledge about Al toxicity tolerance, present study emphasizes on mechanistic analysis of genes associated with Al stress through de novo transcriptomic analysis of tolerant (L-4602), wild (ILWL-15) and sensitive (BM-4) genotypes. Result: Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform evaluated contigs ranging from 15,305 to 18,861 for all the samples with N 50 values of 1795 bp. Four annotation softwares revealed differential regulation of several genes where 30,158 genes were specifically up-regulated for combinations under Al stress conditions alone. Top up-regulated Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) in tolerant cultivar when compared to the sensitive one were found to be involved in protein transport as well as degradation, defences, cell growth and development. Wild v/s cultivar comparison revealed upregulation of wild DEGs that are involved in regulation of transcription in differentiating cells, pre-mRNA splicing, catalysis and protein ubiquitination. Based on assembled Unigenes, 89,722 high-quality SNPs and 39,874 SSRs were detected. Twelve selected genes were validated using qRT-PCR. KEGG pathway analysis extracted 8,757 GO annotation terms within molecular, cellular and biological processes. Pathway analysis indicated that organic acid synthesis and their transportation along with detoxification of ROS, an alternate pathway involving metacaspase-1,4,9 for programmed cell death were also significantly induced due to Al stress. Conclusion: Present study unveils the characterization of differential transcripts generated under Al stress indicating Al tolerance as a multiplex phenomenon which will directly widen crop improvement programmes for Al toxicity utilizing molecular approaches.

Soil enzyme activities following paper sludge addition in a winter cabbage-sweet corn rotation

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Gagnon ◽  
R. Lalande ◽  
R. R. Simard ◽  
M. Roy
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Phosphatase Activities ◽  
Arylsulfatase Activity ◽  
Papermill Sludge ◽  
Soil Acid Phosphatase

Combined primary and secondary papermill sludge (PS) is a good source of C and other nutrients for soils devoted to intensive horticultural production. A field study was conducted to evaluate the effect of PS, spring-applied alone or in combination with ammonium nitrate (AN), on the enzymatic activity of a Bedford clay (Humic Gleysol) in the province of Québec, Canada. The experiment was started in 1996 with winter cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) and continued in 1997 and 1998 on the same plots with sweet corn (Zea mays L.). The PS was applied at 0 (control), 8, 16, 32 and 65 Mg ha−1 in 1996 and at 44% of these rates in 1997. No sludge was applied in 1998. Additional treatments consisted of AN applied yearly at 100% of the plant N requirements and a PS and AN combination. Soil arylsulfatase and acid and alkaline phosphatase activities were measured at three different times in each growing season. The PS rate linearly increased the soil acid phosphatase activity in all 3 yr. In contrast, the alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities were enhanced in 1997 by the 8–16 Mg PS ha−1 treatments, whereas larger amounts of PS showed activity comparable to the control. The second PS application promoted phosphatase activities mostly in fall, but did not sustain arylsulfatase activity. The AN gave lower phosphatase activities than PS, and depressed arylsulfatase. Addition of AN to PS increased only acid phosphatase activity as compared with PS alone or the control. This study indicated that addition of PS improved enzyme activity of this horticultural soil but rates in excess to 32 Mg ha−1 may be detrimental. Key words: Papermill sludge, soil enzyme, cabbage, corn

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