Effects of ethephon on anatomical changes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) stems associated with lodging

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (9) ◽  
pp. 988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariano A. Mangieri ◽  
Anita I. Mantese ◽  
Alejandro Alvarez Schürmann ◽  
Claudio A. Chimenti
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Stay Green ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Tissue Area ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Stem Failure

Stem lodging causes significant losses in crops of cereals and oilseeds. The aim of the present study was to identify the anatomical causes that generate differences in response to stem lodging in sunflower. Two sunflower hybrids (Stay-Green, resistant to stem lodging; Zenit, susceptible to stem lodging) were grown at three crop population densities and artificially lodged at two advanced ontogeny stages (R7 and R8), which were preceded by ethephon application near the flower button stage (R1). Measurements included stem failure moment of force (Bs), thickness of primary and secondary structures in the stem lodging zone (t), diameter of the stem lodging zone (di), sclerenchyma packages area (sp), secondary xylem tissue area (xt) and yield. Stay-Green had significantly higher values for Bs, t, di, sp and xt. At higher crop densities and more advanced ontogeny stages these parameters were reduced, favouring stem lodging, although the effects were ameliorated by ethephon application through anatomical modifications. Zenit exhibited the greatest responses to ethephon application. The present study is the first field study identifying anatomical changes causing stem lodging and intraspecific variability in sunflowers. The information provided can be used by geneticists in selection programs for stem lodging tolerance in the context of increasing crop population densities to improve sunflower yield.

The effect of bentonite supplementation on ruminal protozoa density and wool growth in sheep either fed roughage based diets or grazing

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Fenn ◽  
RA Leng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Diet Supplementation

In penned sheep offered a mainly roughage diet, supplementation with 30, 50 or 60 g/day bentonite consistently increased the density of ruminal protozoa. The effect of 15 g/day bentonite administered via the drinking water to pregnant grazing ewes that were either normally faunated or had been defaunated for 6 months was studied. The wool growth of defaunated sheep at pasture was 25% greater (P < 0.05) than that of faunated animals. The wool growth of the latter was increased 17% (P < 0.15) by the addition of 15 g/day bentonite to their drinking water, while a similar addition of bentonite to defaunated sheep had no effect on wool growth. In this field study, supplementation with bentonite increased the population densities of protozoa free in the ruminal fluid of faunated sheep by 51% (5.6 X 105 v. 3.7 X 105, P<0.07). It is suggested that this allows a greater flow of protozoal protein from the rumen to the intestines, leading to increased wool growth in response to supplements of bentonite.

Dormancy attributes in Sunflower achenes (Helianthus Annuus L.): I. Intraspecific variability

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo J. Arata ◽  
Mailén A. Riveira‐Rubin ◽  
Diego Batlla ◽  
María Verónica Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Helianthus Annuus L

scholarly journals Tiba Induced Morphological and Root Anatomical Changes in Lentil

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Lens Culinaris ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) at 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm on the morphological and root anatomical changes of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. cv. BARI Mosur-7). Foliarly applied TIBA decreased plant height significantly with the increasing concentrations of TIBA. Significantly maximum number of branches and leaves per plant were recorded due to 10 ppm TIBA treatment. Leaves were darker green in plants receiving 10 ppm TIBA due to high chl-a, -b and low carotenoid contents compared to control. Ten ppm TIBA increased root length significantly and root diameter non-significantly than the control plants. Root diameter in plants treated with 10 ppm TIBA increased due to the increase in the width of the cortex, decrease in vessel diameter and enhancement of the formation of more secondary xylem vessels. Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol. 43, No. 2, 107-112, 2019

scholarly journals Separation and identification of soluble nucleotides in cambial and young xylem tissue of Larix decidua Mill

1970 ◽  
Vol 116 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Cumming
Keyword(s):  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Secondary Wall ◽  
Secondary Xylem ◽  
Larix Decidua ◽  
Wall Material ◽  
Primary Wall ◽  
Sugar Nucleotide ◽  
Ribose Phosphate ◽  
Xylem Tissue ◽  
Method Of Extraction

The nucleotides present in the cambial tissue (primary wall tissue) and in the not yet fully differentiated secondary xylem (secondary wall tissue) of Larix decidua Mill. were extracted and characterized. The method of extraction best suited to the material was investigated and the problems involved in desalting of extracts and their effect on the final nucleotide pattern obtained are discussed. UDP-glucose was found to be the most important sugar nucleotide isolated from both cambial and young xylem tissue. UDP-galactose, UDP-arabinose, UDP-xylose, UDP-fructose, GDP-glucose, GDP-galactose, GDP-mannose, ADP-glucose, ADP-galactose, ADP-fructose, ADP-ribose and ADP-ribose phosphate (the last two compounds are the acid breakdown products of NADH and NADPH respectively) were also found in both extracts. UDP-galacturonic acid was identified only in the extract of the primary wall material. Several nucleotide oligosaccharides were obtained from both the extract of cambial tissue and that of the young xylem.

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