The effect of bentonite supplementation on ruminal protozoa density and wool growth in sheep either fed roughage based diets or grazing

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Fenn ◽  
RA Leng
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Ruminal Fluid ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Diet Supplementation

In penned sheep offered a mainly roughage diet, supplementation with 30, 50 or 60 g/day bentonite consistently increased the density of ruminal protozoa. The effect of 15 g/day bentonite administered via the drinking water to pregnant grazing ewes that were either normally faunated or had been defaunated for 6 months was studied. The wool growth of defaunated sheep at pasture was 25% greater (P < 0.05) than that of faunated animals. The wool growth of the latter was increased 17% (P < 0.15) by the addition of 15 g/day bentonite to their drinking water, while a similar addition of bentonite to defaunated sheep had no effect on wool growth. In this field study, supplementation with bentonite increased the population densities of protozoa free in the ruminal fluid of faunated sheep by 51% (5.6 X 105 v. 3.7 X 105, P<0.07). It is suggested that this allows a greater flow of protozoal protein from the rumen to the intestines, leading to increased wool growth in response to supplements of bentonite.

Supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble pastures

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (110) ◽  
pp. 272 ◽  
Author(s):  
LG Butler
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Trial ◽  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Wheat Stubble

A field trial was conducted in the Wimmera region of Victoria to investigate the effect of several supplements on 4-year-old Merino wethers grazing a weed-free wheat stubble for 3 months, The four treatments were: a control (no supplement), urea/molasses block, 100 g/head day-1 of lupin grain, and 2 g urea plus 0.5 g Na2SO4 l-1 in the drinking water. Twenty sheep per treatment were used, and liveweight change and wool growth were measured. Although all groups lost weight, the lupin group lost only 0.5 kg per head over the 3 months of the trial, and was 3.8 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group, while the urea/molasses group was 2.2 kg heavier (P <0.01) than the control group. There was no effect of the urea plus sulfur supplement in the drinking water on liveweight or wool production. The urea/molasses block did not affect wool production but lupin grain stimulated wool production by 0.08 kg (P <0.05). The sheep were weighed and shorn four and a half months after the trial (August), during which time all groups grazed together on green feed. The experimental liveweight differences had disappeared, apparently due to compensatory growth. In addition, a digestibility trial was conducted in an attempt to explain some of the field results. The treatments were designed to simulate those used in the field. Lupin grain stimulated intake by 129 g day-1 (P <0.05) but had no effect on apparent digestibility of straw. The treatment simulating the urea/ molasses block (urea plus sulfur plus sucrose in the drinking water) stimulated intake by 159 g day-l (P <0.05) and tended to increase digestibility (P > 0.05). It was concluded that supplementary feeding of Merino wethers grazing weed-free stubble is unlikely to be an economic farm practice.

scholarly journals Drinking water contaminants from epoxy resin-coated pipes: A field study

2016 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 133-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Rajasärkkä ◽  
Marek Pernica ◽  
Jan Kuta ◽  
Jonáš Lašňák ◽  
Zdenĕk Šimek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Contaminants

Laboratory- and technical-scale comparison of chlorate and perchlorate formation during drinking water electrolysis: a field study

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (7) ◽  
pp. 765-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Henry Bergmann ◽  
Tatiana Iourtchouk ◽  
Wido Schmidt ◽  
Jens Hartmann ◽  
Michaela Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Electrolysis

A multiple‐site field study of stabilized hydrogen peroxide for drinking water disinfection

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yamuna S. Vadasarukkai ◽  
Xinhai (August) Guo ◽  
Robert Tyssen ◽  
Joanna El Hares ◽  
Ludo Feyen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Multiple Site ◽  
Site Field ◽  
Drinking Water Disinfection

Wool growth and sulfur amino acid entry rate in sheep fed roughage based diets supplemented with bentonite and sulfur amino acids

1989 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 889 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Fenn ◽  
RA Leng
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acid ◽  
Sulfur Amino Acids ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Water Supplementation

In two experiments, sheep were offered a roughage-based diet supplemented with either cysteine or bentonite as a solid, or bentonite, cysteine or methionine added to their drinking water. Supplementation with cysteine as a solid had no effect on wool growth, while supplementation via drinking water had no effect on wool growth or cysteine entry rate into the blood. Supplementation with methionine via drinking water increased the entry rate of methionine into blood by 69% (P< 0.05) as measured by a continuous infusion of [35S]-methionine. This coincided with subsequent increases in wool growth of 16% (P< 0.05) compared to sheep fed a basal diet alone. Compared with the basal diet alone, supplementation with 30 g/day bentonite as a dry powder or 60 g/day as a suspension in drinking water increased wool growth by 19 and 20% respectively. Bentonite given as sole supplement did not increase the entry rate of either cysteine or methionine into the blood of sheep. When bentonite and sulfur amino acids were complexed or mixed, wool growth was not increased above that for bentonite or the amino acid alone.

Effect of dry or hydrated bentonite on the wool growth and liveweight gain of sheep fed wheat chaff

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 595 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Murray ◽  
SG Winslow ◽  
JB Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Water Inclusion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Wheat Chaff

Many reports on the use of bentonite to increase wool growth indicate variable responses and it is often claimed that this variability is related to the chemical characteristics or the form in which the bentonite is fed. This paper describes 3 experiments in which there was consistency in the type and form of the clay. There was also comparison of the effects of dry and hydrated bentonite. In the first experiment, 64 sheep were individually penned and fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Thirty sheep were fed chaff only, 17 sheep received dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) and another 17 sheep had 23.7 g/day of bentonite added to their drinking water. Inclusion of bentonite in the drinking water significantly increased wool growth (P<0.05, 14.8%) and increased chaff intake (P = 0.08, 6%). In the second experiment, 105 sheep were penned in groups of 7 and each pen fed wheat chaff ad libitum. Five pens of sheep had dry bentonite added to their chaff (20 g/kg chaff) while another 5 pens had bentonite added to their drinking water (23.7 g/sheep.day). There were 5 pens of sheep which received no bentonite. Inclusion of bentonite either in the drinking water or in the chaff, significantly increased chaff intake (P<0.05, 6%), but had no effect on wool growth. In the third experiment, 60 sheep were divided into 12 groups and each group grazed individual 0.7 ha of cereal stubble. All groups were supplemented with the equivalent of 200 g of lupin grain/sheep.day fed twice weekly and 6 of the groups were watered by buckets containing hydrated bentonite (11.8 g bentonite/L). In experiments 2 and 3, inclusion of bentonite in the diet or in the drinking water had no effect on wool growth (P>0.05) but liveweight gain was significantly increased (P<0.05). It was concluded that the variability in the response to bentonite was not related to its chemical composition or the form in which it is administered and that, on balance, bentonite does not offer a practical or reliable means of increasing wool growth in sheep.

scholarly journals POU water filters effectively reduce lead in drinking water: a demonstration field study in flint, Michigan

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 484-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valerie Bosscher ◽  
Darren A. Lytle ◽  
Michael R. Schock ◽  
Andrea Porter ◽  
Miguel Del Toral
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Water Filters
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