A comparative proteomic study of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean seedlings under drought stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yu ◽  
A. T. James ◽  
A. Yang ◽  
A. Jones ◽  
O. Mendoza-Porras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Differential Abundance ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Drought is a major factor limiting plant growth causing yield reduction in crops; hence the characterisation of drought tolerance and the development of drought-tolerant crop varieties have been a goal of many crop breeding programs. Using the proteomics approach, we compared the differential protein abundance of drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive soybean leaves subjected to mild or severe drought stress. Proteins were extracted and separated using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Those protein spots with significant and more than 2-fold difference in abundance, 174 in total, were further analysed and 102 proteins were positively identified. Around 38.5% of these proteins were related to energy metabolism and photosynthetic functions, followed by those associated with defence response (36.4%) and protein metabolism (25.2%). Severe drought resulted in a greater number of proteins with differential abundance. Genotypes responded differently to drought stress with the tolerant genotype showing a higher capacity for reactive oxygen species scavenging and maintaining energy supply than the sensitive genotype. The sensitive genotype had a greater number of proteins with significant differential abundance than the tolerant genotypes due to drought. The different patterns in protein abundance induced by drought stress may potentially be utilised to screen and select candidate soybean lines with improved drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Proteome Analysis of Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) under Severe Drought and Salt Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddad A. El Rabey ◽  
Abdulrahman L. Al-Malki ◽  
Khalid O. Abulnaja
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Proteome Analysis ◽  
Rubisco Activase ◽  
2D Electrophoresis ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Low Protein

Date palm cultivars differently tolerate salinity and drought stress. This study was carried out to study the response of date palm to severe salinity and drought based on leaf proteome analysis. Eighteen-month-old date palm plants were subjected to severe salt (48 g/L NaCl) and drought (82.5 g/L PEG or no irrigation) conditions for one month. Using a protein 2D electrophoresis method, 55 protein spots were analyzed using mass spectrometry. ATP synthase CF1 alpha chains were significantly upregulated under all three stress conditions. Changes in the abundance of RubisCO activase and one of the RubisCO fragments were significant in the same spots only for salt stress and drought stress with no irrigation, and oxygen-evolving enhancer protein 2 was changed in different spots. Transketolase was significantly changed only in drought stress with PEG. The expression of salt and drought stress genes of the chosen protein spots was either overexpressed or downexpressed as revealed by the high or low protein abundance, respectively. In addition, all drought tolerance genes due to no irrigation were downregulated. In conclusion, the proteome analysis of date palm under salinity and drought conditions indicated that both salinity and drought tolerance genes were differentially expressed resulting in high or low protein abundance of the chosen protein spots as a result of exposure to drought and salinity stress condition.

scholarly journals Alteration in expression level of some growth and stress-related genes after rhizobacteria inoculation to alleviate drought tolerance in sensitive rice genotype

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samar A. Omar ◽  
Nashwa A. H. Fetyan ◽  
Medhat E. Eldenary ◽  
Mohamed H. Abdelfattah ◽  
Haytham M. Abd-Elhalim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Soil Microbes ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Rice Genotype ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Sensitive Genotype ◽  
Tolerant Genotype

Abstract Background Drought stress is one of the major abiotic stresses that adversely affect rice production. Four rice genotypes, Giza177, IR64 (as sensitive genotypes) and Vandana, Orabi3 (as tolerant genotypes) were used to screen and characterize the soil microbes associated with each genotype under drought stress. Results The soil microbes associated with the tolerant genotypes showed high drought tolerance and high levels of enzyme activity. The most drought-tolerant isolates were inoculated with the sensitive genotype Giza177 under drought conditions. Some morphological, biochemical and molecular responses of inoculated plants were estimated. Inoculated plants showed regulation of some growth and stress-related genes (COX1, AP2-EREBP, GRAM, NRAMP6, NAM, GST, DHN and three genes of expansin (EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3) under drought conditions. Expression profiling of these genes were highly induced in plants inoculated with 4E11 and were correlated with improved growth status under drought stress. Conclusion Based on this, drought-tolerant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) were associated with the drought-tolerant genotype (Orabi 3). They were related to the significant increase in soil enzymes activities (dehydrogenase, nitrogenase, urease and alkaline phosphatase) in the rhizosphere of tolerant genotype. Inoculation the drought-sensitive genotype (Giza 177) with the most drought-tolerant isolates improved the tolerance status of the sensitive rice genotype and induced the expression of some growth and stress-responsive genes. AP2-EREBP, NRAMP6, DHN and all expansin genes (EXP1, EXP2 and EXP3) were the highly induced genes in inoculated plants with 4E11 strain and the consortium of three selected strains under drought condition. Graphic abstract

Comparative proteomic analysis of drought response in roots of two soybean genotypes

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingwang Yu ◽  
Aijun Yang ◽  
Andrew T. James
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Soybean Genotype ◽  
Comparative Proteomic Analysis ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Soybean Leaves ◽  
Sensitive Genotype

Water deficit is a serious environmental stress during the soybean growth and production season in Australia. Soybean has evolved complex response mechanisms to cope with drought stress through multiple physiological processes. In this study, the roots of a previously identified drought-tolerant soybean genotype, G21210, and a sensitive genotype, Valder, were subjected to comparative proteomic analysis based on 2-dimensional electrophoresis, under mild or severe drought conditions. The analysis showed that the abundance of 179 protein spots significantly changed under stress. In total, 155 unique proteins were identified from these spots, among which 70 protein spots changed only in G2120 and 89 spots only in Valder, with 20 proteins changed in both soybean genotypes. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these drought-induced changes in proteins were largely enriched in the biological function categories of defence response, protein synthesis, energy metabolism, amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. For the drought-tolerant genotype, the differential abundance was decreased for 24 proteins and increased for 46 proteins. For the drought-sensitive genotype, the abundance was reduced for 46 proteins, increased for 40 proteins and changed differently for three proteins in mild and severe drought. The different patterns of change of these proteins in G2120 and Valder might be attributed to the difference in their drought-tolerance capacity. This study, combined with our previously reported proteomics study in soybean leaves, further clarifies the change in proteins under drought stress in different organs and provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms under drought stress in soybean production.

scholarly journals Probable omnigenic effect and evolutionary insights of aerobic adaptation allele OsNCED2T on qDTY12.1 effecting grain yield under reproductive stage drought stress in rice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Parameswaran ◽  
B Cayalvizhi ◽  
S Sanghamitra ◽  
N Anandan ◽  
K Jawahar Lal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Genomic Region ◽  
Favorable Allele ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Synonymous Snps ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Genomic Regions

AbstractYield associated quantitative trait loci (qDTY) under drought stress provides significant advantage for grain yield in rice. The major, stable qDTY12.1 was identified in a mapping population developed from upland cultivars Vandana and Way Rarem. Further, introgression line comprising of qDTY12.1 genomic region was characterized to have multiple genes (NAM, DECUSSATE) regulating the drought tolerance under severe drought stress substantiated through recently proposed omnigenic model for complex traits. Recently, plastid localized NCED2T allele present within the qDTY12.1 genomic region was characterized for conferring aerobic adaptation in lowland varieties. Since, NCED2T is evolutionary fixed in upland cultivars and Vandana was found to have the favorable allele of NCED2T, we hypothesized that this favorable allele might confer omnigenic effect on qDTY12.1 genes. Our evolutionary analysis using non synonymous SNPs present in genes namely NCED, NAM, and DECUSSATE and qDTY12.1 genomic regions showed specific grouping of Vandana with upland cultivars only for NCED gene and its adjoining genomic regions. However, non synonymous SNPs in NAM and DECUSSATE genes and its adjoining genomic regions of drought tolerant varieties were closely related and grouped together in the phylogenetic analysis. Moreover, ecotype specific differentiation and greater nucleotide difference with wild relatives was also observed for DECUSSATE gene in rice. This finding indicates differential evolution of qDTY12.1 regions for upland and drought tolerance and omnigenic effect of NCED2T gene in qDTY12.1. Further, we propose a breeding model for enhancing genetic gain for yield under severe drought stress by incorporation of NCEDT, qDTY12.1 and other drought tolerant QTLs for membrane stability in rice.

scholarly journals Improving Drought Tolerance in Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek): Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Perspectives

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1534
Author(s):  
Chandra Mohan Singh ◽  
Poornima Singh ◽  
Chandrakant Tiwari ◽  
Shalini Purwar ◽  
Mukul Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Whole Genome Sequence ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Impact

Drought stress is considered a severe threat to crop production. It adversely affects the morpho-physiological, biochemical and molecular functions of the plants, especially in short duration crops like mungbean. In the past few decades, significant progress has been made towards enhancing climate resilience in legumes through classical and next-generation breeding coupled with omics approaches. Various defence mechanisms have been reported as key players in crop adaptation to drought stress. Many researchers have identified potential donors, QTLs/genes and candidate genes associated to drought tolerance-related traits. However, cloning and exploitation of these loci/gene(s) in breeding programmes are still limited. To bridge the gap between theoretical research and practical breeding, we need to reveal the omics-assisted genetic variations associated with drought tolerance in mungbean to tackle this stress. Furthermore, the use of wild relatives in breeding programmes for drought tolerance is also limited and needs to be focused. Even after six years of decoding the whole genome sequence of mungbean, the genome-wide characterization and expression of various gene families and transcriptional factors are still lacking. Due to the complex nature of drought tolerance, it also requires integrating high throughput multi-omics approaches to increase breeding efficiency and genomic selection for rapid genetic gains to develop drought-tolerant mungbean cultivars. This review highlights the impact of drought stress on mungbean and mitigation strategies for breeding high-yielding drought-tolerant mungbean varieties through classical and modern omics technologies.

scholarly journals Drought Tolerant near Isogenic Lines (NILs) of Pusa 44 Developed through Marker Assisted Introgression of qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1 Enhances Yield under Reproductive Stage Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dwivedi ◽  
Naleeni Ramawat ◽  
Gaurav Dhawan ◽  
Subbaiyan Gopala Krishnan ◽  
Kunnummal Kurungara Vinod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Reproductive Stage ◽  
Recurrent Parent ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Improvement Project ◽  
Isogenic Lines ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Improvement

Reproductive stage drought stress (RSDS) is detrimental for rice, which affects its productivity as well as grain quality. In the present study, we introgressed two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), namely, qDTY2.1 and qDTY3.1, governing RSDS tolerance in a popular high yielding non-aromatic rice cultivar, Pusa 44, through marker-assisted backcross breeding (MABB). Pusa 44 is highly sensitive to RSDS, which restricts its cultivation across drought-prone environments. Foreground selection was carried out using markers, RM520 for qDTY3.1 and RM 521 for qDTY2.1. Background selection was achieved with 97 polymorphic SSR markers in tandem with phenotypic selection to achieve faster recurrent parent genome (RPG) recovery. Three successive backcrosses followed by three selfings aided RPG recoveries of 98.6% to 99.4% among 31 near isogenic lines (NILs). Fourteen NILs were found to be significantly superior in yield and grain quality under RSDS with higher drought tolerance efficiency (DTE) than Pusa 44. Among these, the evaluation of two promising NILs in the multilocational trial during Kharif 2019 showed that they were significantly superior to Pusa 44 under reproductive stage drought stress, while performing on par with Pusa 44 under normal irrigated conditions. These di-QTL pyramided drought-tolerant NILs are in the final stages of testing the All India Coordinated Rice Improvement Project varietal trials for cultivar release. Alternately, the elite drought-tolerant Pusa 44 NILs will serve as an invaluable source of drought tolerance in rice improvement.

scholarly journals Spermine: Its Emerging Role in Regulating Drought Stress Responses in Plants

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Md. Mahadi Hasan ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohammad Shah Jahan ◽  
Md. Nazmul Hossain ◽  
Zunaira Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effects Of Drought

In recent years, research on spermine (Spm) has turned up a lot of new information about this essential polyamine, especially as it is able to counteract damage from abiotic stresses. Spm has been shown to protect plants from a variety of environmental insults, but whether it can prevent the adverse effects of drought has not yet been reported. Drought stress increases endogenous Spm in plants and exogenous application of Spm improves the plants’ ability to tolerate drought stress. Spm’s role in enhancing antioxidant defense mechanisms, glyoxalase systems, methylglyoxal (MG) detoxification, and creating tolerance for drought-induced oxidative stress is well documented in plants. However, the influences of enzyme activity and osmoregulation on Spm biosynthesis and metabolism are variable. Spm interacts with other molecules like nitric oxide (NO) and phytohormones such as abscisic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, and ethylene, to coordinate the reactions necessary for developing drought tolerance. This review focuses on the role of Spm in plants under severe drought stress. We have proposed models to explain how Spm interacts with existing defense mechanisms in plants to improve drought tolerance.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Selected Rice Genotypes under Water Stress Conditions

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mahmoud M. Gaballah ◽  
Azza M. Metwally ◽  
Milan Skalicky ◽  
Mohamed M. Hassan ◽  
Marian Brestic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Similarity Index ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Rice Genotypes

Drought is the most challenging abiotic stress for rice production in the world. Thus, developing new rice genotype tolerance to water scarcity is one of the best strategies to achieve and maximize high yield potential with water savings. The study aims to characterize 16 rice genotypes for grain and agronomic parameters under normal and drought stress conditions, and genetic differentiation, by determining specific DNA markers related to drought tolerance using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers and grouping cultivars, establishing their genetic relationship for different traits. The experiment was conducted under irrigated (normal) and water stress conditions. Mean squares due to genotype × environment interactions were highly significant for major traits. For the number of panicles/plants, the genotypes Giza179, IET1444, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 showed the maximum mean values. The required sterility percentage values were produced by genotypes IET1444, Giza178, Hybrid2, and Giza179, while, Sakha101, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2 achieved the highest values of grain yield/plant. The genotypes Giza178, Giza179, Hybrid1, and Hybrid2, produced maximum values for water use efficiency. The effective number of alleles per locus ranged from 1.20 alleles to 3.0 alleles with an average of 1.28 alleles, and the He values for all SSR markers used varied from 0.94 to 1.00 with an average of 0.98. The polymorphic information content (PIC) values for the SSR were varied from 0.83 to 0.99, with an average of 0.95 along with a highly significant correlation between PIC values and the number of amplified alleles detected per locus. The highest similarity coefficient between Giza181 and Giza182 (Indica type) was observed and are susceptible to drought stress. High similarity percentage between the genotypes (japonica type; Sakha104 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.45), Sakha101 with Sakha102 and Sakha106 (0.40), Sakha105 with Hybrid1 (0.40), Hybrid1 with Giza178 (0.40) and GZ1368-S-5-4 with Giza181 (0.40)) was also observed, which are also susceptible to drought stress. All genotypes are grouped into two major clusters in the dendrogram at 66% similarity based on Jaccard’s similarity index. The first cluster (A) was divided into two minor groups A1 and A2, in which A1 had two groups A1-1 and A1-2, containing drought-tolerant genotypes like IET1444, GZ1386-S-5-4 and Hybrid1. On the other hand, the A1-2 cluster divided into A1-2-1 containing Hybrid2 genotype and A1-2-2 containing Giza179 and Giza178 at coefficient 0.91, showing moderate tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes GZ1368-S-5-4, IET1444, Giza 178, and Giza179, could be included as appropriate materials for developing a drought-tolerant variety breeding program. Genetic diversity to grow new rice cultivars that combine drought tolerance with high grain yields is essential to maintaining food security.

scholarly journals Drought Stress in Grain Legumes: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms and Management

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2374
Author(s):  
Marium Khatun ◽  
Sumi Sarkar ◽  
Farzana Mustafa Era ◽  
A. K. M. Mominul Islam ◽  
Md. Parvez Anwar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Developmental Cycle ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Grain legumes are important sources of proteins, essential micronutrients and vitamins and for human nutrition. Climate change, including drought, is a severe threat to grain legume production throughout the world. In this review, the morpho-physiological, physio-biochemical and molecular levels of drought stress in legumes are described. Moreover, different tolerance mechanisms, such as the morphological, physio-biochemical and molecular mechanisms of legumes, are also reviewed. Moreover, various management approaches for mitigating the drought stress effects in grain legumes are assessed. Reduced leaf area, shoot and root growth, chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance, CO2 influx, nutrient uptake and translocation, and water-use efficiency (WUE) ultimately affect legume yields. The yield loss of grain legumes varies from species to species, even variety to variety within a species, depending upon the severity of drought stress and several other factors, such as phenology, soil textures and agro-climatic conditions. Closure of stomata leads to an increase in leaf temperature by reducing the transpiration rate, and, so, the legume plant faces another stress under drought stress. The biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is the most detrimental effect of drought stress. Legumes can adapt to the drought stress by changing their morphology, physiology and molecular mechanism. Improved root system architecture (RSA), reduced number and size of leaves, stress-induced phytohormone, stomatal closure, antioxidant defense system, solute accumulation (e.g., proline) and altered gene expression play a crucial role in drought tolerance. Several agronomic, breeding both conventional and molecular, biotechnological approaches are used as management practices for developing a drought-tolerant legume without affecting crop yield. Exogenous application of plant-growth regulators (PGRs), osmoprotectants and inoculation by Rhizobacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi promotes drought tolerance in legumes. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs), genomic selection (GS), marker-assisted selection (MAS), OMICS-based technology and CRISPR/Cas9 make the breeding work easy and save time in the developmental cycle to get resistant legumes. Several drought-resistant grain legumes, such as the chickpea, faba bean, common bean and pigeon pea, were developed by different institutions. Drought-tolerant transgenic legumes, for example, chickpeas, are developed by introgressing desired genes through breeding and biotechnological approaches. Several quantitative trait loci (QTLs), candidate genes occupying drought-tolerant traits, are identified from a variety of grain legumes, but not all are under proper implementation. Hence, more research should be conducted to improve the drought-tolerant traits of grain legumes for avoiding losses during drought.

scholarly journals Enhancement of drought tolerance in diverse Vicia faba cultivars by inoculation with plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under newly reclaimed soil conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elsayed Mansour ◽  
Hany A. M. Mahgoub ◽  
Samir A. Mahgoub ◽  
El-Sayed E. A. El-Sobky ◽  
Mohamed I. Abdul-Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Conditions ◽  
Moderate Drought ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Effects Of Drought

AbstractWater deficit has devastating impacts on legume production, particularly with the current abrupt climate changes in arid environments. The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an effective approach for producing natural nitrogen and attenuating the detrimental effects of drought stress. This study investigated the influence of inoculation with the PGPR Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar viciae (USDA 2435) and Pseudomonas putida (RA MTCC5279) solely or in combination on the physio-biochemical and agronomic traits of five diverse Vicia faba cultivars under well-watered (100% crop evapotranspiration [ETc]), moderate drought (75% ETc), and severe drought (50% ETc) conditions in newly reclaimed poor-fertility sandy soil. Drought stress substantially reduced the expression of photosynthetic pigments and water relation parameters. In contrast, antioxidant enzyme activities and osmoprotectants were considerably increased in plants under drought stress compared with those in well-watered plants. These adverse effects of drought stress reduced crop water productivity (CWP) and seed yield‐related traits. However, the application of PGPR, particularly a consortium of both strains, improved these parameters and increased seed yield and CWP. The evaluated cultivars displayed varied tolerance to drought stress: Giza-843 and Giza-716 had the highest tolerance under well-watered and moderate drought conditions, whereas Giza-843 and Sakha-4 were more tolerant under severe drought conditions. Thus, co-inoculation of drought-tolerant cultivars with R. leguminosarum and P. putida enhanced their tolerance and increased their yield and CWP under water-deficit stress conditions. This study showed for the first time that the combined use of R. leguminosarum and P. putida is a promising and ecofriendly strategy for increasing drought tolerance in legume crops.

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