Relative yield and profit of Australian hybrid compared with open-pollinated canola is largely determined by growing-season rainfall

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heping Zhang ◽  
Jens D. Berger ◽  
Mark Seymour ◽  
Rohan Brill ◽  
Chris Herrmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Roundup Ready ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Cost

Australian canola growers have new technology options including hybrid and herbicide technologies, which have offered yield and profitability advantages in other canola-growing regions of the world. This study compared the yield and gross margins of hybrid and open-pollinated (OP) canola from different herbicide tolerance groups: triazine-tolerant, Roundup Ready, Clearfield and conventional across a wide range of environments in south-western Australia, and in the National Variety Trial network in southern Australia to investigate the relative advantages of these technologies. There were significant differences in yield responsiveness between hybrid and OP canola, the magnitude of which was determined by the growing-season rainfall/available water to the crop. Hybrid out-yielded OP canola in favourable environments where rainfall was high and the growing season was long. However, in areas of low rainfall where yield potential was low, hybrids showed little yield advantage over OP. In contrast, there were no differences in yield response between the four herbicide tolerance groups across the rainfall zones. The economic analysis showed that the break-even yield for hybrids versus OP canola was 1.25 t/ha for triazine-tolerant canola, 0.7 t/ha for Roundup Ready canola, and 1.7 t/ha for hybrid Clearfield canola. The gross margin analysis suggested that hybrid triazine-tolerant, Clearfield and Roundup Ready canola was more profitable than the OP system in the medium (growing-season rainfall of 265–330 mm) and high (330 mm) rainfall environments, but not profitable in the lower (<265 mm) rainfall area because the cost associated with hybrid seed outweighed the small yield benefit. The sensitivity analysis indicated that ± 10% changes in canola price and seed cost shifted the break-even yield by ± 0.1 t/ha. Our study makes a case for Australian canola breeders to maintain OP canola varieties, rather than shifting their focus entirely to hybrids, to underpin continued productivity and profitability in lower rainfall areas.

Wheat cultivar yield response to some organic and conventional farming conditions and the yield potential of mixtures

2017 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 1045-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. NEWTON ◽  
D. C. GUY ◽  
K. PREEDY
Keyword(s):  
Relative Yield ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Organic And Conventional Farming ◽  
Elite Germplasm ◽  
Low Nitrogen

SUMMARYA range of wheat cultivars, including elite cultivars, older cultivars and some preferred by organic growers, were trialled under high and low nitrogen (N) conventional and organic conditions to determine whether cultivars that yield highly under organic conditions have the same relative yield under conventional conditions. A range of cultivar mixtures was also assessed to see whether these gave yield advantages or superiority in either farming system. The conventional trials were grown with and without full fungicide programmes, which largely controlled disease. Amongst the cultivars, Alchemy showed superior yield under organic conditions as did Pegassos, but under conventional conditions Pegassos was always one of the low-ranking cultivars. Under conventional conditions the more recent cultivars Alchemy, Glasgow and Istabraq yielded highly, while an older one, Consort, yielded highly under low fertilizer conditions, and both Ambrosia and Deben also yielded highly generally. Fungicide and high N favoured the disease-susceptible, high-yield cultivars such as Glasgow whereas Consort, an older susceptible cultivar, was favoured by fungicide and low N. Together this demonstrates that whilst the yield characteristics of some elite germplasm are also expressed under organic conditions, at least one cultivar that yielded poorly under conventional conditions showed adaptation towards the organic conditions of these trials. Other cultivars yielding poorly under conventional conditions also gave poor yield under organic conditions. The equal proportion mixtures of cultivars grown under conventional conditions showed no evidence of differences in yield from the mean of the component cultivars grown separately, but combinations of Glasgow, Alchemy and Istabraq gave consistently high yield.

scholarly journals Typology of beef production systems according to bioeconomic efficiency in the south of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Eugênia Andrighetto Canozzi ◽  
Pedro Rocha Marques ◽  
Odilene de Souza Teixeira ◽  
Concepta Margaret McManus Pimentel ◽  
Matheus Dhein Dill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multiple Correspondence Analysis ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
The South ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
South Of Brazil ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioeconomic efficiency of beef cattle production systems in the south of Brazil. A survey was conducted with 33 beef cattle farmers operating with complete cycle production systems in areas larger or equal to 900 ha. Answers were classified in two drivers, technology (TEC) and management (MAN), which were separated into subfactors with their respective components. Multiple correspondence analysis, Tukey test, cluster analysis, and Pearson correlation were the statistics procedures. The TEC components were above normal for Brazilian farmers, but the gross margin is still lower than that needed to generate financial resources for a proper remuneration of cattle farmer. Farmers were classified into three clusters according to bioeconomic efficiency: low (LEL), intermediate (IEL), or high-efficiency level (HEL). The TEC driver differentiated the LEL x HEL clusters and the MAN, mainly expressed in costs, the IEL x HEL. Positive correlation between age at first mating and age at slaughter in the HEL cluster explains the higher costs when compared to IEL because of the use of differentiated feed resources. Investments in technologies related to herd feeding in HEL cluster improved the productivity by only 20% and the cost per hectare by 95 USD ha-1 in comparison to IEL cluster. The main differences between farmers are because of the use of technologies related to feeding and cost management. Therefore, before implementing a new technology, an economic evaluation is necessary.

scholarly journals Effect of cultivar, crop management, location and growing season on the grain yield of triticale

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Derejko ◽  
Marcin Studnicki
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Important Region

SummaryTriticale (Triticosecale Wittmack) is obtained through the crossing of wheat (Triticum ssp.) and rye (Secale cereale L.) and is characterized by high yield potential, good health and grain value, and high tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress. Poland is a very important region for progress in triticale breeding, since it is home to most cultivars, and numerous genetic studies on triticale have been carried out. Despite the tremendous interest in triticale among both breeders and researchers, there are no studies assessing the adaptation of cultivars to environmental conditions across growing seasons. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of cultivar, management, location and growing season on grain yield. At the same time, this approach provides a new way to determine whether there is any dependency between the eight seasons, and to find the cause of the yield response to environmental conditions in a given growing season.

Nitrogen needs of wheat. 2. Grain yield response to nitrogenous fertilizer

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 118 ◽  
Author(s):  
AC Taylor ◽  
RR Storrier ◽  
AR Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Nitrate ◽  
Soil Tests ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogenous Fertilizer ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall

In southern New South Wales, the increase in wheat yield due to nitrogenous fertilizer (34 kg N ha-1) was examined against a wide range of controlled and uncontrolled factors over three years in which rainfall was generally above average. The controlled factors included paddock history, cultural aspects and a range of nitrogen soil tests. Multivariate regression procedures were used in the examination. Average annual rainfall was a major determinant of fertilizer response patterns. Overall, soil nitrate (0-30 cm) was superior to paddock history and to other soil tests in predicting responses to added nitrogen. In the west (average annual rainfall 400 to 550 mm), nitrogen applications were profitable when soil nitrate levels were low, but only if growing season rain was at least average. At each soil nitrate level, responses to applied nitrogen declined as average annual rainfall increased. In the east (average annual rainfall greater than 550 mm), responses to added nitrogen were profitable at all nitrate levels, provided growing season rain was not limiting. The magnitude of the responses was related to the level of potentially available nitrogen in the soil (0-10 cm) rather than to nitrate.

scholarly journals PERENNIAL GRAINS FOR AFRICA: POSSIBILITY OR PIPEDREAM?

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
SIEGLINDE SNAPP ◽  
PAUL ROGÉ ◽  
PATRICK OKORI ◽  
REGIS CHIKOWO ◽  
BRAD PETER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Missed Opportunities ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Perennial Grains ◽  
Perennial Grain

SUMMARYPerennial grain crops have been proposed as a transformative approach to agriculture. Replacing annual staple crops with perennialized growth types of the same crops could provide environmental services, improve labour efficiency and weather resilience, reduce seed costs and produce livestock fodder or fuelwood production. Yet, the technologies and science for agricultural development in Africa have focused almost exclusively on annuals. In this paper, we review the literature to explore what has been potentially overlooked, including missed opportunities as well as the disadvantages associated with perennial grains. The case studies of pigeon pea and sorghum are considered, as an analogue for perennial grain crops in Africa. We find that a substantial number of farmers persist in ‘perennializing’ pigeon pea systems through ratoon management, and that sorghum ratoons are widely practiced in some regions. In contrast, many crop scientists are not interested in perennial traits or ratoon management, citing the potential of perennials to harbour disease, and modest yield potential. Indeed, an overriding prioritization of high grain yield response to fertilizer, and not including accessory products such as fodder or soil fertility, has led to multipurpose, perennial life forms being overlooked. Agronomists are encouraged to consider a wide range of indicators of performance for a sustainable approach to agriculture, one that includes management for diversity in crop growth habits.

Agronomic studies on the productivity of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L. cv. Guatemala 4) under rainfed and irrigated conditions in the Northern Territory

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
RC Muchow ◽  
JD Sturtz ◽  
MF Spillman ◽  
GE Routley ◽  
S Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Rainfall Season ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Average Rainfall

Field experiments were conducted at Berrimah, Douglas Daly and Katherine in the Northern Territory (NT) during the 1987-88 and 1988-89 wet seasons to obtain yield data for kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinzis L. cv. Guatemala 4) grown under rainfed and irrigated conditions. Under rainfed conditions, maximum stem yield was obtained from sowings early in the wet season. Yield decreased with delay in sowing until the late-December-January period. The maximum rainfed stem yield at Katherine in an above-average rainfall season was 18 400 kg/ha. The maximum yield in a below average rainfall season was 11 700 kg/ha at Katherine, 9200 kg/ha at Douglas Daly and 9400 kg/ha at Berrimah. The applicability to the NT of growth and yield relationships established for irrigated kenaf in the Ord Irrigation Area (OIA) was assessed. The yield potential under irrigated conditions in the NT (21 600 kg/ha at 131 days after sowing) was higher than that reported elsewhere in Australia for the same growth period, but similar to that reported elsewhere for longer growth duration (180-300 days). In the NT, in contrast to the OIA, stem yield showed little or no response to N fertilisation. Stem yield was not related to N uptake, and at high levels of N application, there was marked N accumulation in the stem. Kenaf was able to accumulate up to 110 kg N/ha from the soil reserve where no N was applied. The yield response to plant density varied with the yield level and was similar to that in the OIA. Bark and core yield could be estimated directly from biomass, and indirectly from stem length and plant density, over a wide range of yield levels and cultural conditions. It was concluded that data relating to yield potential and response to N fertilisation cannot be transferred directly from the OIA to the NT.

scholarly journals Assessment of agro-morphological, physiological and yield traits diversity among tropical rice

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e11752
Author(s):  
Naqeebullah Kakar ◽  
Raju Bheemanahalli ◽  
Salah Jumaa ◽  
Edilberto Redoña ◽  
Marilyn L. Warburton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Southern Us ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Selection For

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an essential staple food crop, but the per acre average rice yield is less than its substantial potential in many countries. Rice breeders and growers would benefit from a robust genotypes with better morpho-physiological and yield-related traits. Here, seventy-four new rice genotypes were phenotyped over two years for their gas exchange and yield potential-related traits under Mississippi rice-growing conditions. A wide range of variability was observed among genotypes for all measured traits. Detailed phenotyping of rice genotypes revealed two key relationships that function together to contribute to yield potential under the southern US climate. The first one, grain yield, grain number, and spikelet fertility, showed considerable correlation (r = 0.45 to 0.79, p < 0.001) to harvest index. Conversely, days to anthesis had a high and negative correlation with harvest index (r = −0.79, p < 0.001), which suggests that selection for short duration genotypes with efficient partitioning could improve the yields under southern US climatic conditions. Additive response index revealed a higher positive association with yield traits (R2 = 0.59) than physiological (R2 = 0.28) and morphological traits (R2 = 0.21). Compared with the commercial genotype Rex, 21.6% and 47.3% of the rice genotypes had a higher gas exchange and yield response scores. IR08A172, IR07K142 and IR07F287 were ranked as high performers in physiological and yield response indices. Our study highlights that selection for short-duration yield-related traits with efficient sink capacity traits is desirable for future breeding programs.

Modelling yield response of a traditional and a modern barley cultivar to different water and nitrogen levels in two contrasting soil types

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Gabriela Abeledo ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Research Information ◽  
Deep Soil ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Yield Level ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Attainable Yield

The importance of yield improvement at farm conditions is highly dependent on the interaction between genotype and environment. The aim of the present work was to assess the attainable yield of a traditional and a modern malting barley cultivar growing under a wide range of soil nitrogen (N) availabilities and different water scenarios (low, intermediate and high rainfall conditions during the fallow period and throughout the crop cycle) considering a 25-year climate dataset for two sites (a shallow and a deep soil) in the Pampas, Argentina. For that purpose, a barley model was first calibrated and validated and then used to expand field research information to a range of conditions that are not only much wider but also more realistic than experiments on experimental farms. Yield of the modern cultivar was at least equal to (under the lowest yielding conditions) or significantly higher (under most growing conditions) than that of the traditional cultivar. Averaged across all the scenarios, yield was ~20% higher in the modern than in the traditional cultivar. The average attainable yield represented 42% of the yield potential in the shallow and 79% in the deep soil profiles. Yield advantage of the high yielding cultivar was based on using N more efficiently, which not only determined higher attainable yields but also reduced the requirements of soil N to achieve a particular yield level. Farmers would face little risk in adopting higher yielding cultivars in both high and low yielding environments and even in the latter ones N fertilisation could be beneficial in most years.

scholarly journals A sensitivity analysis of the prediction of the nitrogen fertilizer requirement of cauliflower crops using the HRI WELL_N computer model

2001 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. RAHN ◽  
A. MEAD ◽  
A. DRAYCOTT ◽  
R. LILLYWHITE ◽  
T. SALO
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Computer Model ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fertilizer Requirement

HRI WELL_N is an easy to use computer model, which has been used by farmers and growers since 1994 to predict crop nitrogen (N) requirements for a wide range of agricultural and horticultural crops.A sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the model predictions of the N fertilizer requirement of cauliflower crops, and, at that rate, the yield achieved, yield response to the fertilizer applied, N uptake, NO3-N leaching below 30 and 90 cm and mineral N at harvest. The sensitivity to four input factors – soil mineral N before planting, mineralization rate of soil organic matter, expected yield and duration of growth – was assessed. Values of these were chosen to cover ranges between 40% and 160% of values typical for field crops of cauliflowers grown in East Anglia. The assessments were made for three soils – sand, sandy loam and silt – and three rainfall scenarios – an average year and years with 144% or 56% of average rainfall during the growing season. The sensitivity of each output variable to each of the input factors (and interactions between them) was assessed using a unique ‘sequential' analysis of variance approach developed as part of this research project.The most significant factors affecting N fertilizer requirement across all soil types/rainfall amounts were soil mineral N before planting and expected yield. N requirement increased with increasing yield expectation, and decreased with increasing amounts of soil mineral N before planting. The responses to soil mineral N were much greater when higher yields were expected. Retention of N in the rooting zone was predicted to be poor on light soils in the wettest conditions suggesting that to maximize N use, plants needed to grow rapidly and have reasonable yield potential.Assessment of the potential impacts of errors in the values of the input factors indicated that poor estimation of, in particular, yield expectation and soil mineral N before planting could lead to either yield loss or an increased level of potentially leachable soil mineral N at harvest.The research demonstrates the benefits of using computer simulation models to quantify the main factors for which information is needed in order to provide robust N fertilizer recommendations.

Microfabrication research at the National Submicron Facility

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
E.D. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
High Speed ◽  
New Technology ◽  
High Energy ◽  
High Energy Particle ◽  
New Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Intermediate Domain ◽  
Circuit Function

Most microelectronics devices and circuits operate faster, consume less power, execute more functions and cost less per circuit function when the feature-sizes internal to the devices and circuits are made smaller. This is part of the stimulus for the Very High-Speed Integrated Circuits (VHSIC) program. There is also a need for smaller, more sensitive sensors in a wide range of disciplines that includes electrochemistry, neurophysiology and ultra-high pressure solid state research. There is often fundamental new science (and sometimes new technology) to be revealed (and used) when a basic parameter such as size is extended to new dimensions, as is evident at the two extremes of smallness and largeness, high energy particle physics and cosmology, respectively. However, there is also a very important intermediate domain of size that spans from the diameter of a small cluster of atoms up to near one micrometer which may also have just as profound effects on society as “big” physics.

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