Genotypic stability of weed competitive ability for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) genotypes in multiple environments

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Zerner ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke ◽  
G. S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index ◽  
Early Vigour ◽  
Weed Tolerance

Weed control in broadacre cropping systems is becoming increasingly difficult owing to widespread evolution of herbicide resistance in major weed species. The importance of crop competition in weed management is often overlooked but it can play an important role in cropping systems. Competitive ability of 86 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes varying for early vigour was investigated at two sites over two growing seasons against cultivated oats (Avena sativa L.) as a weed mimic. There were significant (P < 0.001) treatment effects of weed, wheat genotype and weed × genotype interaction at the different sites. Mature crop height and early crop vigour were strongly correlated with improved weed suppression and tolerance. Negative correlation between early vigour (normalised difference vegetation index and visual score) and weed-free yield indicates the presence of some yield penalty in high-vigour (HV) lines. Wheat genotypes with high grain yield under weed-free conditions tended to suffer high yield loss from weeds (low tolerance) and allowed greater production of weed seed (low weed suppression). However, many of the HV lines produced significantly higher grain yield than the tested commercial cultivars under weedy conditions. The use of the Finlay–Wilkinson regression approach for assessing cultivar stability revealed a strong association between genotype mean weed suppression and stability across the four environments. Several HV lines showed consistently greater weed suppression than the wheat cultivars investigated. Genotypic variation was much greater for weed suppression than weed tolerance, suggesting greater opportunity for the selection of improved weed suppression in wheat. However, strong positive correlation between weed suppression and tolerance (r = 0.79, P < 0.001) suggests that wheat lines selected on the basis of high weed suppression may also exhibit improved weed tolerance.

scholarly journals Cropping systems modify soil biota effects on wheat (Triticum aestivum) growth and competitive ability

Weed Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
S P Johnson ◽  
Z J Miller ◽  
E A Lehnhoff ◽  
P R Miller ◽  
F D Menalled
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Soil Biota

scholarly journals Weed suppression and yield of thirteen spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties grown in an organic system

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Feledyn-Szewczyk ◽  
Krzysztof Jończyk
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Organic System ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Competitive Abilities

The aim of this study was to determine the relationships between morphological features, canopy parameters, weed infestation, and grain yield of spring wheat varieties. The study was conducted in the period 2011–2013, on fields managed organically at the Experimental Station of The Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation – State Research Institute, Osiny, Poland. Thirteen spring wheat varieties were sown in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Weed density and dry matter production were estimated as well biometric features of the wheat varieties at tillering (BBCH 22–24) and dough (BBCH 85–87) stages. The analyses of variance showed that the year had a stronger effect than varieties on the level of weed infestation. Pearson’s correlation analysis indicated that weed number was influenced by the height of wheat plants and their aboveground biomass at the tillering stage and additionally by number of tillers at the dough stage. A significant correlation (<em>r</em> = −0.328, siginfficant at <em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) was shown between the number of weeds and wheat grain yield. Different morphological features and canopy parameters influenced the competitive abilities of the spring wheat varieties tested. A cluster analysis detected one set of varieties with the largest (‘Bombona’, ‘Brawura’, ‘Hewilla’, ‘Kandela’, ‘Katoda’, ‘Łagwa’, and ‘Żura’) and another with the smallest (‘Monsun’, ‘Ostka Smolicka’, and ‘Parabola’) competitive abilities against weeds. The main outcome of the research is information for farmers as to which varieties are highly competitive against weeds and also high yielding. Among the varieties with the highest competitiveness, <em>Triticum aestivum</em> ‘Żura’ was the highest yielder (3.82 t ha<sup>−1</sup> on average), whereas ‘Bombona’ yielded only at an average level (3.03 t ha<sup>−1</sup>). The suppressive ability of spring wheat varieties against weeds and yield potential should be both taken into account in the selection of varieties suitable for an organic farming system where weed control is absent.

Response to weed control by four spring wheat genotypes differing in competitive ability

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Control Genotype

Increased crop competitiveness may complement existing weed control methods. The objective of this research was to establish whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting competitive abilities respond differently to weed control levels. Four sibling genotypes differing in competitive ability were grown under simulated weedy conditions and subjected to four weed control levels. The competitive genotypes were superior to the less-competitive genotypes in grain yield under weedy and partially weedy conditions. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., competition, weed control, genotype × weedcontrol interaction

GENOTYPIC VARIATION IN SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS IN WINTER WHEAT GROWN IN THE HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE OF ONTARIO

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. AGUILAR-M. ◽  
L. A. HUNT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Diffusive Resistance

Several experiments were conducted with winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) during 1978 and 1979 to characterize genotypic variation in some physiological and morphological traits, and to evaluate the magnitude of the relationships between grain yield and the various traits studied. Straw weights of cultivars grown in Eastern Canada were similar to, and harvest indices generally lower than, those reported for high yielding varieties from other countries. Highest grain weights were also lower than the upper values recorded for some cultivars in the U.K. and Mexico, and were little affected by spikelet removal in most cases. All experiments were consistent in showing highly significant correlations between grain yield and grains per square metre, straw weight, harvest index, spikes per square metre, and flag leaf area index, and significant correlations between grain yield and grain weight. Diffusive resistance of the adaxial surface of the flag leaves differed between genotypes, but correlations between diffusive resistance and yield were low and nonsignificant in all cases, with the exception of the preanthesis period in one experiment.Key words: Wheat (winter), Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell., yield, physiological-morphological traits.

Identification of quantitative trait loci for traits conferring weed competitiveness in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2001 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1235 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Coleman ◽  
G. S. Gill ◽  
G. J. Rebetzke
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Ryegrass Growth

As weeds develop resistance to a broad range of herbicides, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars with superior weed competitive capacity are needed to complement integrated weed management strategies. In this study, agronomic and morphological traits that enable wheat to compete effectively with weeds were identified. Halberd, Cranbrook, and 161 Cranbrook x Halberd doubled haploid (DH) lines were examined in field experiments conducted over two growing seasons. The weed species Lolium rigidum L. (annual ryegrass) was sown in strips perpendicular to the direction of wheat seeding. Various traits were measured during each season with competitive ability determined by both percent loss in wheat grain yield and suppression of ryegrass growth. Width of leaf 2, canopy height, and light interception at early stem elongation (Z31), and tiller number, height at maturity, and days to anthesis were important for competitive ability in 1999. In the previous year, length of leaf 2 and size of the flag leaf contributed to competitiveness. Seasonal effects appeared to have some impact on the relative contribution of crop traits to competitive ability. The morphological traits involved in maintaining grain yield differed from those that contributed to the suppression of ryegrass growth. Development of the Cranbrook x Halberd chromosomal linkage map enabled the putative identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with competitive ability in the DH population. Many of the QTL were mapped to similar positions in both years. Further, several traits, including time to anthesis, flag leaf size, height at stem elongation, and the size of the first 2 leaves, were mapped to similar positions on chromosomes 2B and 2D. Narrow-sense heritabilities on an entry-mean basis were typically high within each year for traits associated with weed competitive ability. However, large genotype x year interactions reduced these heritabilities, making genetic gain through phenotypic selection difficult. The identification of QTL repeatable over seasons indicates the potential for marker-assisted selection in a wheat breeding program selecting for improved grain yield and weed competitiveness.

scholarly journals Comparative Genetic Effect of Dwarfing Genes on Yield and Yield Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
MA Jahan ◽  
MS Hossain ◽  
M Khalekuzzaman ◽  
MM Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Dwarfing Genes

Norin 10 based dwarfing genes (Rht1 and Rht2) have been widely exploited for increasing the grain yield in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by improving partitioning of assimilates to grain. Eight semi-dwarf wheat genotypes having either Rht1 or Rht2 dwarfing genes were compared with a tall control named, Kheri (rht) having no dwarfing genes were evaluated at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh for yield and yield contributing traits. Significant differences in grain yield and yield components were observed in genotypes under study showing the effects of dwarfing genes. Genotype Seri 82 (Rht1) and Kanchan (Rht2) had medium plant height of 75.73 and 72.22 cm respectively, highest number of tillers/plant (7.33 and 7.67), highest number of spikes/plant (6.33 and 6.67) resulted the highest grain yield per plant. Because the dwarfing genes not only provide lodging tolerance but also perhaps pleiotropically affected high yield by allowing more tillers to survive. Number of tillers/plant and number of spikes/plant showed very strong positive correlation with grain yield per plant in all the genotypes. Kheri (rht) with highest plant height (95.17cm) reduced number of tillers/plant (4.00) and spikes/plant (3.67) had the lowest grain yield per plant (3.85g). Aghrani possessed significantly the highest number of grains/spike with medium grain yield/plant (5.94g). The degree of relationship varied from genotype to genotype.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v18i2.18075 Progress. Agric. 18(2): 49 - 55, 2007

scholarly journals Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Tolerance to Mulch

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Matthew R. Ryan ◽  
Sandra Wayman ◽  
Christopher J. Pelzer ◽  
Caitlin A. Peterson ◽  
Uriel D. Menalled ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
No Till

Mulch from cover crops can effectively suppress weeds in organic corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) as part of cover crop-based rotational no-till systems, but little is known about the feasibility of using mulch to suppress weeds in organic winter small grain crops. A field experiment was conducted in central NY, USA, to quantify winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedling emergence, weed and crop biomass production, and wheat grain yield across a gradient of mulch biomass. Winter wheat seedling density showed an asymptotic relationship with mulch biomass, with no effect at low rates and a gradual decrease from moderate to high rates of mulch. Selective suppression of weed biomass but not wheat biomass was observed, and wheat grain yield was not reduced at the highest level of mulch (9000 kg ha−1). Results indicate that organic winter wheat can be no-till planted in systems that use mulch for weed suppression. Future research should explore wheat tolerance to mulch under different conditions, and the potential of no-till planting wheat directly into rolled-crimped cover crops.

scholarly journals Assessing the Ability of Durum Wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum Recombinant Lines to Suppress Naturally Occurring Weeds under Different Sowing Densities

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 709
Author(s):  
Francesco Rossini ◽  
Maria Elena Provenzano ◽  
Ljiljana Kuzmanović ◽  
Carla Ceoloni ◽  
Roberto Ruggeri
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Thinopyrum Ponticum ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Rust Diseases ◽  
Favorable Weather

The use of synthetic chemicals in cropping systems is becoming more controversial and highly debated worldwide, owing to its impacts on the environment, food safety, and human health. For this reason, sustainable crop management strategies are gaining increasing interest. In this perspective, agronomic practices and use of disease-resistant and competitive genotypes represent valuable tools in the hands of farmers. The competitive ability of two durum wheat-Thinopyrum ponticum recombinant lines (named R5 and R112), carrying effective resistance genes towards main rust diseases and enhanced yield-related traits in their alien chromosome segments, was investigated in comparison with that of a widely grown commercial cultivar (Tirex), under two sowing densities (250 and 350 seeds m−2), in the presence or absence of weeds. Yield-related traits and specific attributes that confer competitive ability were recorded in two subsequent seasons. R5 was the most weed-suppressive genotype, whereas Tirex was the least competitive. R112 was the best yield performer under favorable weather conditions (5.6 t ha−1), while it suffered the presence of weeds in the drier year (−38% grain yield). Although 350 seeds m−2 appeared to be the most effective sowing density for suppression of weeds (−16% weed biomass), adoption of the lower density can optimize grain yield and limit weed infestation in dry seasons. A suitable combination of sowing density and genotype choice can improve yield performance. R112 required the higher sowing rate to maximize grain yield (+43% as compared to the lower sowing rate), while R5 proved to be a density-neutral genotype.

Competitive ability of Australian canola (Brassica napus) genotypes for weed management

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
David J. Luckett ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Hanwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Weed Growth

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important break crop in Australian cropping systems but weeds are a major cost to production and herbicide-resistant weeds are spreading. The potential competitive ability of canola genotypes to both suppress weed growth and maintain grain yield and quality in the presence of weeds has not been determined in Australia. Two experiments examined the range in competitive ability of 16 B. napus genotypes against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over two contrasting seasons. Weed biomass at flowering was generally reduced 50% more in the presence of the strongly competitive genotypes than the least competitive, and this has significant benefits for lower weed seed production and reduced seedbank replenishment. Suppression of weed growth was negatively correlated with crop biomass. Significant differences in grain yield of canola were recorded between weedy and weed-free plots, depending on crop genotype, presence of weeds and season. Crop yield tolerance (where 0% = no tolerance and 100% = complete tolerance) to ryegrass competition ranged from 0% (e.g. with CB-Argyle) to 30–40% (e.g. with the hybrids 46Y78 and Hyola-50) in the dry season of 2009. Yield tolerance was higher (50–100%) with the lower densities of volunteer wheat and in the 2010 season. The range between genotypes was similar for both conditions. The hybrids and AV-Garnet were higher yielding and more competitive than the triazine-tolerant cultivars. The ranking of genotypes for competitiveness was strongly influenced by seasonal conditions; some genotypes were consistently more competitive than others. Competitive crops are a low-cost tactic for integrated weed management to reduce dependence on herbicides and retard the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Intercropping Winter Lupin and Triticale Increases Weed Suppression and Total Yield

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 316
Author(s):  
Nicolas Carton ◽  
Christophe Naudin ◽  
Guillaume Piva ◽  
Guénaëlle Corre-Hellou
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
High Yield ◽  
White Lupin ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Sole Cropping

Lupin (Lupinus sp.) produces protein-rich grains, but its adoption in cropping systems suffers from both its low competitive ability against weeds and its high yield variability. Compared with legume sole cropping, grain legume–cereal intercropping benefits include better weed suppression and higher yield and yield stability. However, the potential of enhancing crop competitive ability against weeds in additive winter grain legume–cereal intercrops is not well-known, and this potential in long crop cycles is even less studied. We studied how intercropping with a triticale (×Triticosecale) alters weed biomass and productivity of winter white lupin (Lupinus albus L.). The experimental setup consisted of eleven sites during a two-year period in western France. In each site-year, winter white lupin sole cropping was compared to winter white lupin-triticale intercropping in an additive sowing design. We found that intercropping reduced weed biomass at lupin flowering by an average of 63%. The rapid growth and high soil N acquisition of triticale compensated for the low competitive ability of lupin against weeds until lupin flowering. Competition from triticale in the intercrop reduced lupin grain yield (−34%), but intercropping produced a higher total grain yield (+37%) than did lupin sole cropping while maintaining the total protein grain yield.

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