Competitive ability of Australian canola (Brassica napus) genotypes for weed management

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 1300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
David J. Luckett ◽  
Peter Lockley ◽  
Eric Koetz ◽  
Hanwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Weed Growth

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important break crop in Australian cropping systems but weeds are a major cost to production and herbicide-resistant weeds are spreading. The potential competitive ability of canola genotypes to both suppress weed growth and maintain grain yield and quality in the presence of weeds has not been determined in Australia. Two experiments examined the range in competitive ability of 16 B. napus genotypes against annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) and volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) over two contrasting seasons. Weed biomass at flowering was generally reduced 50% more in the presence of the strongly competitive genotypes than the least competitive, and this has significant benefits for lower weed seed production and reduced seedbank replenishment. Suppression of weed growth was negatively correlated with crop biomass. Significant differences in grain yield of canola were recorded between weedy and weed-free plots, depending on crop genotype, presence of weeds and season. Crop yield tolerance (where 0% = no tolerance and 100% = complete tolerance) to ryegrass competition ranged from 0% (e.g. with CB-Argyle) to 30–40% (e.g. with the hybrids 46Y78 and Hyola-50) in the dry season of 2009. Yield tolerance was higher (50–100%) with the lower densities of volunteer wheat and in the 2010 season. The range between genotypes was similar for both conditions. The hybrids and AV-Garnet were higher yielding and more competitive than the triazine-tolerant cultivars. The ranking of genotypes for competitiveness was strongly influenced by seasonal conditions; some genotypes were consistently more competitive than others. Competitive crops are a low-cost tactic for integrated weed management to reduce dependence on herbicides and retard the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds.

scholarly journals Modeling of Glyphosate Application Timing in Glyphosate-Resistant Soybean

Weed Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Sartorato ◽  
Antonio Berti ◽  
Giuseppe Zanin ◽  
Claudio M. Dunan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Time Windows ◽  
Action Spectrum ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Removal Time ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides

The introduction of herbicide-resistant crops and postemergence herbicides with a wide action spectrum shifted the research focus from how to when crops should be treated. To maximize net return of herbicide applications, the evolution of weed–crop competition over time must be considered and its effects quantified. A model for predicting the yield trend in relation to weed removal time, considering emergence dynamics and density, was tested on data from glyphosate-resistant soybean grown in cropping systems in Italy and Argentina. Despite an ample variation of weed emergence dynamics and weed load in the four trials, the model satisfactorily predicted yield loss evolution. The estimated optimum time for weed control (OTWC) varied from about 18 d after soybean emergence in Argentina to 20 to 23 d in Italy, with time windows for spraying ranging from 14 to 28 d. Within these limits a single glyphosate application ensures good weed control at low cost and avoids side effects like the more probable unfavorable weed flora evolution with double applications and the presence of residues in grains. Despite the apparent simplicity of weed control based on nonselective herbicides, the study outlines that many variables have to be considered to optimize weed management, particularly for the time evolution of the infestation and, subsequently, a proper timing of herbicide application.

Seeding rate and cultivar effects on canola (Brassica napus) competition with volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deirdre Lemerle ◽  
David J. Luckett ◽  
Eric A. Koetz ◽  
Trent Potter ◽  
Hanwen Wu
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Rotational Crop ◽  
The Impact

Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important rotational crop in the temperate cropping zone of southern Australia. Herbicide-resistant weeds are rapidly spreading and reducing canola grain yield and quality. Crop competition is a useful tool for reducing weed costs and dependence on herbicides, and retarding the spread of herbicide resistance. The potential interaction of canola seeding rate and cultivar for weed management has not been quantified in Australia. A field experiment was conducted in three environments to examine the impact of two contrasting canola cultivars (a low vigour type and a high vigour hybrid) at four seeding rates (10–100 plants/m2) on volunteer wheat (~50 plants/m2). Significant but variable effects of crop seeding rate, cultivar and weed were detected on canola density and grain yield, and on the suppression of volunteer wheat. The canola hybrids suppressed volunteer wheat more than the less vigorous cultivars in all the experiments. There was no benefit of increasing canola seeding rate above the normally recommended rate of 40 plants/m2 for weed suppression. The seed production of volunteer wheat on average doubled when canola density dropped from 40 to 10 plants/m2. Treatment effects on canola grain yield losses from weeds were less than those on weed suppression. The grain yield of both cultivars was reduced between 30% and 40% with weeds at a canola density of 40 plants/m2 and plateaued above this density in weedy conditions. Maintaining canola plant establishment and using competitive cultivars is critical to avoiding weed seedbank replenishment, and reducing canola yield losses from weed competition.

scholarly journals Weed Control in Maize with Gliricidia Intercropping

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
L.B. Tavella ◽  
P.S.L. Silva ◽  
A.L. Monteiro ◽  
V.R. Oliveira ◽  
P.L.O.F. Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Gliricidia Sepium ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Maize Production ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Weed Growth

One of the very important components in the organic maize production costs refers to spending on weed control. In this research were assessed the effects of maize hybrids (AG 1051 and BR 205) in an intercropping with Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium) and mechanical hoeing on weed control. The treatments assessed were: A - maize monocropping + two hoeings (20 and 40 days after sowing); B - maize with one hoeing at 20 days + intercropping with gliricidia sowed after hoeing; C - maize sowing intercropped with gliricidia at the time of maize sowing + hoeing at 40 days; D - maize sowing intercropped with gliricidia at the time of maize sowing without hoeing; E - monocropping maize without hoeing. In the intercroppings, gliricidia was sowed in broadcast seeding with 30 viable seeds m-2. Maize hybrids did not differ in their effects on weed growth and grain yield. Treatments A, B and C have reduced weed growth, compared to treatments D and E. The highest grain yield was obtained with treatment A and the lowest with treatment E. It was concluded that intercropping maize and gliricidia is not a good alternative for an integrated weed management in maize crops in the conditions assessed.

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds: Management Tactics and Practices

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 793-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Reactive Management

In input-intensive cropping systems around the world, farmers rarely proactively manage weeds to prevent or delay the selection for herbicide resistance. Farmers usually increase the adoption of integrated weed management practices only after herbicide resistance has evolved, although herbicides continue to be the dominant method of weed control. Intergroup herbicide resistance in various weed species has been the main impetus for changes in management practices and adoption of cropping systems that reduce selection for resistance. The effectiveness and adoption of herbicide and nonherbicide tactics and practices for the proactive and reactive management of herbicide-resistant (HR) weeds are reviewed. Herbicide tactics include sequences and rotations, mixtures, application rates, site-specific application, and use of HR crops. Nonherbicide weed-management practices or nonselective herbicides applied preplant or in crop, integrated with less-frequent selective herbicide use in diversified cropping systems, have mitigated the evolution, spread, and economic impact of HR weeds.

Ability of Potato Cultivars to Tolerate and Suppress Weeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed B. Colquhoun ◽  
Christopher M. Konieczka ◽  
Richard A. Rittmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Tuber Yield ◽  
Russet Burbank ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Weed Competition ◽  
Russet Norkotah ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Hand Weeding

Potato producers rely heavily on herbicides for the majority of weed control. However, recent occurrences of herbicide-resistant weed populations and the lack of new herbicide registrations have stimulated interest in alternative strategies. The choice of potato cultivars that can suppress or tolerate weed competition could be a component of an integrated weed management system to reduce reliance on herbicides. The competitive ability of 10 potato cultivars—‘Atlantic’, ‘Bannock Russet’, ‘Dark Red Norland’, ‘Goldrush’, ‘Rodeo’, ‘Russet Burbank’, ‘Russet Norkotah’, ‘Snowden’, ‘Superior’, and ‘Villetta Rose’—was evaluated in 2006 and 2007 in Hancock, WI. Weed competition treatments included (1) weedy throughout the season, (2) weed-free from emergence to 4 wk after emergence (WAE) by hand-weeding, and (3) weed-free by hand-weeding for the entire season. Potato cultivars did not differ in ability to reduce weed biomass. Early-season time of potato emergence and canopy closure, as well as weed competition treatments, were strongly related to potato tuber yield. In general, Bannock Russet yield relative to weed-free controls of the same cultivar was less than that of most other cultivars. Overall, Atlantic, Russet Burbank, Snowden, and Superior yields (relative to weed-free control yields) usually were greater than the yields of other cultivars under weedy conditions. Although the ability to suppress weeds was similar among cultivars, differences in yield among cultivars grown in the presence of weeds suggest differential tolerances of weed competition.

Canola (Brassica napus L.) seedbank declines rapidly in farmer-managed fields in South Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanine Baker ◽  
Christopher Preston
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Anova Analysis ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Cultivation Method ◽  
Herbicide Tolerant ◽  
Significant Factors

Canola is an important crop in southern Australia, where it is used as part of the crop rotation to manage cereal diseases, improve wheat yields, and assist in integrated weed management programs. The potential release of herbicide-tolerant transgenic cultivars into Australia has raised concerns that volunteer canola may itself become an uncontrollable weed. This study examined the persistence of the canola seedbank in farmer-managed fields in 3 geographical areas of the South Australian cropping region for up to 3.5 years after the last canola crop was grown. In total, 66 fields from minimum- and no-tillage farms were sampled for number of canola seed/m2 and the percentage of those that germinated. ANOVA analysis indicated that time since the last harvest and cultivation method were both significant factors affecting the number of seed/m2 present. Neither time since harvest nor cultivation method was significant for number of germinated canola seeds, although time since harvest approached significance at the 5% level. This demonstrates that the canola seedbank and the number of volunteers decline rapidly in managed cropping systems in southern Australia. Therefore, it is unlikely that herbicide-tolerant canola will become a major weed if volunteers are managed carefully.

scholarly journals The profitability of diverse crop rotations and other cultural methods that reduce wild oat (Avena fatua)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101
Author(s):  
Elwin G. Smith ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
John T. O’Donovan ◽  
T. Kelly Turkington ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Crops

With the increasing resistance of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to herbicides, there is a need to evaluate the potential of alternative cropping systems based on integrated weed management principles. A 5-yr field study at eight sites across Canada was used to evaluate the profitability of alternative cropping systems that have the potential to control wild oat using cultural practices in conjunction with herbicides. Cultural practices included twice the recommended seeding rates, fall-seeded winter crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage, fallow, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven of the 14 cropping systems in this study did not include wild oat herbicide for three consecutive years, controlling wild oat entirely by cultural practices. Cropping system profitability varied by location. For many locations, combinations of barley silage and fall-seeded winter crops without wild oat herbicide application were as profitable as a system of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with wild oat herbicide applied every year. Unprofitable systems generally included those with fallow, alfalfa, and fall-seeded winter crops in regions with rates of high winter kill. Wild oat control can be achieved with diverse cropping systems that are as profitable as conventional annual cropping that relies on herbicide control of wild oat.

The Coaxium® Wheat Production System: A New Herbicide-Resistant System for Annual Grass Weed Control and Integrated Weed Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Raven A. Bough ◽  
Phillip Westra ◽  
Todd A. Gaines ◽  
Eric P. Westra ◽  
Scott Haley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Production System ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
State University ◽  
Wheat Production ◽  
Colorado State University ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
System A ◽  
Grass Weed ◽  
Global Food

The authors discuss the importance of wheat as a global food source and describe a novel multi-institutional, public-private partnership between Colorado State University, the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation, and private chemical and seed companies that resulted in the development of a new herbicide-resistant wheat production system.

scholarly journals Herbicide-resistant crops in resistant weed management : An industrial perspective

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Wild Species ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Some of the first products of biotechnology to reach the marketplace have been herbicide-resistant crops. Industry sees the development of herbicide-resistant varieties as a way to increase the availability of proven herbicides for a broader range of crops. However, the development of herbicide- resistant crops requires special attention to potential environmental questions such as herbicide usage, selection of resistant weed biotypes and spread of resistance from the resistant crop to wild species. Industry is actively addressing these concerns during the process of development. Proper development and use of herbicide-resistant crops in integrated weed management programs will provide farmers with increased flexibility, efficiency, and decreased cost in their weed control practices without increasing the risk of herbicide-resistant weeds. Furthermore, herbicide-resistant crops should prove to be valuable tools in managing herbicide- resistant weeds.

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