Evaluation of salt stress of Iranian wheat germplasm under field conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Ali Akbarpour ◽  
Hamid Dehghani ◽  
Mohammad Javad Rousta
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Wheat Germplasm

Salinity is one of the most serious problems of crop production worldwide. In this research, a set of different wheat landraces with high diversity collected throughout Iran, advanced lines in breeding programs, and some well-known tolerant and sensitive cultivars were used to estimate genetic parameters of agronomic traits by using the restricted maximum likelihood (REML) approach. The results showed that several genotypes such as BUMI8, Salt18, BUMI1, Check cultivar and Salt25 had no reduction in grain yield under saline conditions compared with normal conditions. Minimum reductions in grain yield were related to BUMI6, Roshan and Shahpasand genotypes. High broad-sense heritability for most traits showed that they could be used to select and improve the salt tolerance of wheat germplasm in breeding programs. Grain yield had high broad-sense heritability under normal (H2b = 0.61) and saline (H2b = 0.55) conditions. Traits related to height and number of spikes per plant showed a positive correlation with grain yield. Time to heading and to maturity showed negative correlation with grain yield. Number of kernels per spike, kernel weight per spike, number of spikes per plant and spike weight showed positive correlations with grain yield under saline conditions. A significantly negative correlation was also seen between grain yield and days to heading or days to maturity under saline conditions. High variation and moderate to high heritabilities of yield and yield components in normal and salt-stressed field conditions for Iranian bread wheat germplasm are promising to enhance the narrow genetic pool of salinity tolerance.

Performance, heterosis and heritability in selected tropical maize single, double and three-way cross hybrids

2002 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. SALEH ◽  
D. ABDULLAH ◽  
A. R. ANUAR
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Parental Inbred ◽  
Ear Number

A series of tropical maize hybrids, involving 10 single, four double and four three-way crosses were evaluated with their parental inbred lines and three control varieties, at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia, in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The objectives were to identify hybrids superior for yield, yield components and other agronomic traits, to estimate heterosis revealed by the hybrids, and to estimate broad-sense heritability for important characters in the populations. The hybrids were found to vary highly for grain yield and most other traits measured. High estimates of heterosis were shown by grain yield, ear weight and grain weight per ear, moderate for plant and ear heights, shelling percentage, ear diameter, number of kernel rows per ear, number of kernels per ear row and 100-grain weight. The hybrids flowered and matured earlier than their respective inbred parents. Estimates of broad-sense heritability also varied with characters. Moderate heritability was shown for grain yield indicating a substantial amount of genetic variation in this population of hybrids. Low and negligible heritability for days to silking and 100-grain weight indicate that these traits were very much influenced by environmental factors. Based on the overall performance of the hybrids, the single cross, SC-2, the double cross, DC-11 and the three-way cross, TWC-15, were found to have high potential. No obvious differences were observed in performance among the three categories of hybrids, the single, double and three-way crosses.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability Studies on Twelve Genotypes of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) for Growth and Yield Performance in South Eastern Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent N. ONYIA ◽  
Emeke C. OKECHUKWU ◽  
Agatha I. ATUGWU ◽  
Ndueso M. AKPAN
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Days To Maturity

Twelve genotypes of rice collected from the National Cereals Research Institute (NCRI), Badeggi, Bida, Niger State, Nigeria were evaluated to estimate the magnitude of genetic variability and relationship of some agronomic traits of rice and their contributions to yield. The results obtained showed a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) among the genotypes in all the traits studied. Genotype ‘WAB 35-1-FX2’ produced a significantly higher grain yield of 3.40 t/ha compared with all the other genotypes in the two years combined. Genotypes ‘WAB 33-25’, ‘WAB 56-1-FX2’, ‘WAB 56-39’, ‘WAB 56-125’, ‘ITA 150’ and ‘FAROX 16 (LC)’ were the most stable grain yielding genotypes across the two years of the experiment. High broad sense heritability (h2bs) was associated with grain yield (h2bs = 98.63%), number of spikelets/panicle (98.78%), plant height (98.34%) for the first year planting, whereas in the second year planting, days to 50% flowering (96.72%), days to maturity (94.14%) and grain yield (83.33%) were among the traits that showed high broad sense heritability. The two years combined correlation analysis showed that grain yield correlated significantly and positively with number of spikelets/panicle (r = 0.2358*), number of panicles/m2 (r = 0.1895*), number of fertile spikelets/panicle (r = 0.1672*) and 1,000 grain weight (r = 0.1247*), indicating that these traits can be phenotypic basis for improving grain yield of rice. Conversely, grain yield exhibited negative correlation with days to 50% flowering (-0.3009) and days to maturity (-0.2650), though not significant. This suggests that rice grain yield can be improved by selecting early flowering and maturing genotypes especially under heat and drought prone conditions.

Yield performance with heritability measurements of half sib families obtained from maize variety Azam

1970 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
Faizan Mahmood, Hidayat- Ur-Rahman, Nazir Ahmad ◽  
Fahim-ul- Haq ◽  
Samrin Gul, Quaid Hussain ◽  
Ammara Khalid ◽  
Touheed Iqbal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Heritability Estimate ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Sib Families

This study evaluated the performance of 64 half sib families (HSF) derived from “Azam” variety of maize using partially balanced lattice square design with two replications. Data were recorded on grain yield and other agronomic traits. Observations showed difference in half-sib families for studied traits. Among the 64 half-sib families, minimum days to 50% tasseling (51 days) were observed for HS-49 while maximum (57 days) for HS-63. Minimum days to 50% silking (56 days) were counted for HS-6 while maximum (63 days) for HS-23. Minimum days to 50% anthesis (55 days) were counted for HS-1 and HS-6 while maximum (62 days) for HS-23. Similarly, minimum ASI (-2 days) were observed in HS-1, HS-15, HS-16, HS-28 and HS-63 while maximum (2 days) in HS-48. Minimum (60 cm) ear height was recorded for HS-11 and maximum (93.5 cm) for HS-28. Minimum fresh ear weight (1.3 kg) was weighted for HS-17 while maximum (3.2 kg) for HS-21. Grain moisture was recorded minimum (19.35 %) for HS-19 and maximum (31.25%) for HS-2. HS-42 showed minimum (28 g) 100 kernel weight while HS-5 showed maximum (47 g). Grain yield was minimum (2323 kg ha-1) for HS-17 and maximum (5742 kg ha-1) for HS-21. Maximum heritability estimate (0.92) was recorded for fresh ear weight, while minimum (0.41) was observed for ear height.

scholarly journals Fungicide Application Affects Nitrogen Utilization Efficiency, Grain Yield, and Quality of Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Ahossi Patrice Koua ◽  
Mirza Majid Baig ◽  
Benedict Chijioke Oyiga ◽  
Jens Léon ◽  
Agim Ballvora
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Yellow Rust ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Available N ◽  
Fungicide Application

Nitrogen (N) is a vital component of crop production. Wheat yield varies significantly under different soil available N. Knowing how wheat responds to or interacts with N to produce grains is essential in the selection of N use efficient cultivars. We assessed in this study variations among wheat genotypes for productivity-related traits under three cropping systems (CS), high-nitrogen with fungicide (HN-WF), high-nitrogen without fungicide (HN-NF) and low-nitrogen without fungicide (LN-NF) in the 2015, 2016 and 2017 seasons. ANOVA results showed genotypes, CS, and their interactions significantly affected agronomic traits. Grain yield (GY) increased with higher leaf chlorophyll content, importantly under CS without N and fungicide supply. Yellow rust disease reduced the GY by 20% and 28% in 2015 and 2016, respectively. Moreover, averaged over growing seasons, GY was increased by 23.78% under CS with N supply, while it was greatly increased, by 52.84%, under CS with both N and fungicide application, indicating a synergistic effect of N and fungicide on GY. Fungicide supply greatly improved the crop ability to accumulate N during grain filling, and hence the grain protein content. Recently released cultivars outperformed the older ones in most agronomic traits including GY. Genotype performance and stability analysis for GY production showed differences in their stability levels under the three CS. The synergistic effect of nitrogen and fungicide on grain yield (GY) and the differences in yield stability levels of recently released wheat cultivars across three CS found in this study suggest that resource use efficiency can be improved via cultivar selection for targeted CS.

Stability Analysis of Agronomic Traits for Maize (Zea Mays L.) Genotypes Based on Ammi Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Meijin Ye ◽  
Zhaoyang Chen ◽  
Bingbing Liu ◽  
Haiwang Yue
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Genotype By Environment Interaction ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Genotype By Environment ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
The Ideal

Stability and adaptability of promising maize hybrids in terms of three agronomic traits (grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight) in multi-environments trials were evaluated. The analysis of AMMI model indicated that the all three agronomic traits showed highly significant differences (p < 0.01) on genotype, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Results showed that genotypes Hengyu321 (G9), Yufeng303 (G10) and Huanong138 (G3) were of higher stability on grain yield, ear weight and 100-kernel weight, respectively. Genotypes Hengyu1587 (G8) and Hengyu321 (G9) showed good performance in terms of grain yield, whereas Longping208 (G2) and Weike966 (G12) showed broad adaptability for ear weight. It was also found that the genotypes with better adaptability in terms of 100-kernel weight were Zhengdan958 (G5) and Weike966 (G12). The genotype and environment interaction model based on AMMI analysis indicated that Hengyu1587 and Hengyu321 were the ideal genotypes, due to extensive adaptability and high grain yield under both testing sites. Bangladesh J. Bot. 50(2): 343-350, 2021 (June)

scholarly journals Evaluation of agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability in some popular wheat genotypes cultivated in Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
pp. 847-856 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soleman M. Al-Otayk
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Days To Heading ◽  
Days To Maturity

The present study was carried out to evaluate agronomic traits and assessment of genetic variability of some wheat genotypes at Qassim region, Saudi Arabia', during 2010/11 and2011/12 seasons. Fourteen wheat genotypes including five bread wheat and nine durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design with three replications. The genotypes were evaluated for ten different yield contributing characters viz., days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling period, grain filling rate, plant height, number of spikes m-2, kernels spike-1, 1000-kernel weight, grain yield and straw yield. The combined analysis of variance indicated the presence of significant differences between years for most characters. The genotypes exhibited significant variation for all the characters studied indicating considerable amount of variation among genotypes for each character. Maximum coefficient of variation was observed for number of spikes m-2 (17%), while minimum value was found for days to maturity. Four genotypes produced maximum grain yield and statistically similar, out of them two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) and the other two were durum wheat (AC-5 and BS-1). The genotypes AC-3, AC-5 and BS-1 had higher grain yield and stable in performance across seasons. The estimation of phenotypic coefficient of variation in all the traits studied was greater than those of the genotypic coefficient of variation. High heritability estimates (> 0.5) were observed for days to heading, days to maturity, and plant height, while the other characters recorded low to moderate heritability. The high GA % for plant height and days to heading (day) was accompanied by high heritability estimates, which indicated that heritability is mainly due to genetic variance. Comparatively high expected genetic advances were observed for grain yield components such as number of kernels spike-1 and 1000-kernel weight. Grain yield had the low heritability estimate with a relatively intermediate value for expected genetic advance. The results of principle component analysis (PCA) indicated that the superior durum wheat genotypes for grain yield in the two seasons (AC-5 and BS-1) are clustered in group II (Fig. 2). Also, the superior two bread wheat genotypes (AC-3 and SD12) were in group I. Therefore, it could be future breeding program to develop new high yielding genotypes in bread and durum wheat.

GENETICS OF PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENT IN SUMMER RAPE: HERITABILITY, NUMBER OF EFFECTIVE FACTORS, AND CORRELATIONS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 937-943 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAHRAM GRAMI ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON ◽  
R. J. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Oilseed Breeding ◽  
Parental Differences

The estimates of broad sense heritability in the F2 generation derived from a cross involving two summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars were approximately 0.26 for each of percent protein and percent oil, and 0.33 for the "sum" of protein and oil as a percentage of the seed. The number of effective factors conditioning parental differences in percent protein, percent oil, and sum were estimated as five to seven, one, and two, respectively. Average phenotypic and genotypic correlations between protein and oil content were −0.81 and −0.71, respectively. These strong negative correlations, often considered undesirable, can be utilized in oilseed breeding programs by selecting for the sum of protein and oil rather than for either component.

scholarly journals Effect of agronomic traits in the selection expansion volume in popcorn hybrids

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
C. S. Bernini ◽  
B. H. S. Ponce ◽  
A. J. P. Nascimento ◽  
V. P. Silva ◽  
M. A. A. Barelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Southwest Region ◽  
Expansion Capacity

The popcorn is a culture profitable for producers of various technological profiles, mainly due to the higher added value of popcorn in comparison with common maize. With the use of phenotypic correlation in breeding programs, the efficiency in selecting certain favorable character can increase or decrease their expression. The objective was to evaluate agronomic traits of hybrids popcorn in the southwest region of Mato Grosso, Brazil, as well as to estimate the phenotypic correlation. The experimental design was randomized blocks with 15 treatments and 3 replications. The following characters were evaluated: plant height and ear, expansion capacity, number of piruas, weight of grains and production components. The IAC9614.83 stood with the largest grain weight of 2.49 t ha-1, followed by the hybrids IAC367, IAC144.6102, AP6005, BASSO5802, BASSO5803. The expansion capacity showed a negative correlation with number of piruas          -0.69. The grain weight showed a positive correlation with the number of rows of grains of 0.71. It is concluded that IAC 144.6102, AP8203, VYP212 were adequate for the test by presenting favorable aspects for the commercialization of grain.

scholarly journals Estimating genetic variability, gene effect, heritability, and genetic advance of yield component agronomic traits: towards the improvement of peanut agronomic traits.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Addisu Getahun
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Broad Sense ◽  
Broad Sense Heritability ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Seed Length ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Seed Width ◽  
Pod Length

Abstract Background: Peanut is an important oil and legume food crop for human and feed for livestock. Peanut yield association characters like pod and seed traits are the most widely targeted parameter. Peanut yield is a function of growth rate, duration of reproductive growth, and the fraction of crop growth rate which are partitioned toward pod yield. For effective selection, heritability along with genetic advance is more useful than the estimation of only heritability. Methods: The present study field design was laid out using single row and single plot techniques. Pod length, pod width, pod length by width, seed length, seed width, seed length by width yield contributing data were collected both from two parents and 251 RIL populations across two locations in two consecutive cropping seasons (2015/2016 & 2016/2017). Data analysis was computed through SAS ver.9.4 and PBTools ver.1.4. Results: The highest genotypic coefficient of variation was found in pod length (22.47), number of pods per plant (23.66), pod yield per plant (28.43), multiple seedpods per plant (30.44). The highest narrow sense heritability was found in seed length (66%), pod length by width (87%), and pod thickness (93%), meanwhile, the highest broad sense heritability values have been recorded in seed length (99%), seed length by width (99%), number of pods per plant (95%), shelling percentage (94%), pod thickness (93%), thickness of pod shells (92), seed yield per plant (89%), seed thickness (87%), seed width (83%), multiple seedpods per plant (79%), and pod weight per plant (75%). The highest genetic advance as percent of mean values occurred in multiple seedpods per plant (215.44), number of pods per plant (85.28), pod yield per plant (64.90), seed yield per plant (63.49), thickness of pod shells (56.87), pod length by width (36.55), seed length by width (30.98), and seed length (23.26). Conclusions: Additive gene effects were observed in the traits of seed length, seed length by width, pod length, pod width, pod length by width, pod thickness, thickness of pod shells, and multiple seedpods per plant. The highest broad sense heritability values coupled with high genetic gain were estimated in multiple seedpods per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight plant, seed weight per plant, thickness of pod shells, pod length by width, seed length by width. Therefore, in the present study, use more pod and seed-related traits than the previous findings.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document