Measuring dehydration tolerance in pasture grasses to improve drought survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (8) ◽  
pp. 828 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. Norton ◽  
the late F. Lelièvre ◽  
F. Volaire
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dehydration Tolerance ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Specific Variation ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L ◽  
Dehydration Avoidance

Cool-season grasses, both annual and perennial, typically employ the strategies of dehydration avoidance and dehydration tolerance to help them to survive extended periods of low soil moisture. Summer dormancy is an extra trait employed by perennial grasses particularly adapted to regions experiencing extended hot, dry summers. Of the three strategies, it appears that least is known about dehydration tolerance. Using and extending a methodology developed for cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), this study compared a range of cultivars of cocksfoot, tall fescue and phalaris differing in expression of summer dormancy. Both inter- and intra-specific variation in dehydration tolerance was observed, with cocksfoot expressing the trait strongly, whereas it was least evident in phalaris. The trait was more strongly evident in cultivars originating in drier environments, and the ability to express dehydration tolerance appeared to be independent of summer dormancy. It has been confirmed that dehydration tolerance is a powerful drought-survival trait, one that warrants increasing attention in plant breeding programs for drying environments.

A method to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active tall fescue and orchardgrass accessions at germination stage

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz P. Malinowski ◽  
David P. Belesky ◽  
Betty A. Kramp ◽  
Joyce Ruckle ◽  
Jaime Kigel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Mediterranean Origin ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

Summer-dormant, cool-season perennial grasses are being used in place of traditional, summer-active cultivars for high-quality winter forage. One reason for this change is the ability of cultivars with summer-dormant attributes to tolerate increasing annual temperature, decreasing precipitation, and repeated severe summer droughts. The mechanism of summer dormancy is still not understood in detail. Cultivar development for summer dormancy typically is conducted under field conditions in environments where summer-active types do not survive summer weather conditions. We developed a method based on germination responses to photoperiod to differentiate summer-dormant from summer-active types of tall fescue [Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S. J. Darbyshire] and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.). Seed of cultivars with known summer dormancy characteristics was germinated at a constant temperature of 24°C under a range of photoperiods (0–24 h) for 14 days. Total germination, modelled cumulative germination, instantaneous rate of germination, and relative germination (to that in the dark) were analysed. Germination of summer-dormant orchardgrass was similar in the dark and short photoperiods (4–12 h), but it was inhibited by a photoperiod longer than 12 h. Germination of summer-active orchardgrass was promoted by any photoperiod compared with the control (0 h). Short photoperiods (4–12 h) promoted germination of summer-dormant tall fescue, while long photoperiods (>12 h) inhibited germination compared with germination in the dark. Summer-active types of tall fescue did not respond to photoperiod, regardless of length. A validation test using two Mediterranean origin cultivars of orchardgrass with contrasting summer dormancy characteristics and experimental lines of Mediterranean origin tall fescue with known expression of summer dormancy characteristics supported the use of seed germination analysis to differentiate among lines for this trait.

scholarly journals Summer dormancy, drought survival and functional resource acquisition strategies in California perennial grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Balachowski ◽  
Pauline M. Bristiel ◽  
Florence A. Volaire
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Resource Acquisition ◽  
Acquisition Strategies ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Drought Survival

Drought survival and dehydration tolerance in Dactylis glomerata and Poa bulbosa

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Volaire ◽  
Geneviève Conéjero ◽  
François Lelièvre
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Dehydration Tolerance ◽  
Carbohydrate Concentration ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Final Water Content

To analyse the contribution of dormancy and dehydration tolerance to drought survival of perennial grasses, we compared Poa bulbosa L., which is classified as a resurrection plant, with one of the most drought resistant cultivars of MediterraneanDactylis glomerata L. Comparing periods when dormancy was induced in Poa (summer) and not induced (winter), we aimed to ascertain the presence of differential plant responses between dormancy and dehydration tolerance and to characterise water status, sugar and dehydrin accumulation in surviving organs of Poa and Dactylis, in relation to their ability to survive intense drought. Irrespective of the dormancy status of Poa, the bulbs of this species had a final water content lower than 10% and survived an extreme drought. This could be associated with the accumulation of sucrose and the expression of a high number (>10) of dehydrins that peaked when the water content of the bulbs fell below 50%, whether this dehydration was due to dormancy induction or increasing soil water deficit. The independence of dormancy to dehydration tolerance was reinforced by the expression of a specific dehydrin (approx. 28 kDa) found only in irrigated, but dormant, tissues of Poa. The Dactylis exhibited contrasting survival between experiments (46 and 0% after a summer and winter drought, respectively). The mortality was associated with a significantly higher rate of decrease of the membrane stability of leaf bases of Dactylis in winter and with barely detectable amounts of sucrose contents in droughted roots. However, neither the water-soluble carbohydrate concentration in leaf bases nor the overall accumulation of dehydrins could be related to the contrasting survival of this Dactylis between the two seasons. Since in seeds of Poa and Dactylis, the accumulation of dehydrins was comparable with that found in droughted aerial tissues of the same species, the expression of these proteins must interact with other mechanisms to confer dehydration tolerance.

scholarly journals 2020 Cool-Season Forage Variety Recommendations for Florida

EDIS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
A. R. Blount ◽  
M. Wallau ◽  
E. Rios ◽  
J. M. B. Vendramini ◽  
J. C. B. Dubeux ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Previous Version ◽  
Pasture Grasses ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Short Days

Perennial warm-season pasture grasses used in Florida become dormant in late fall and winter because of short days, cooler temperatures, and frosts. Many livestock producers may choose to establish cool-season annual pasture species to supplement their forage production. These plants are usually higher in total digestible nutrients (TDN) and crude protein (CP) than summer perennial grasses, translating into greater animal performance (Dubeux et al., 2016). Planting and growing these forage crops can involve considerable expense and is somewhat risky because rainfall is often unpredictable during the fall establishment period. The species and varieties for potential use vary in the distribution of production during the cooler months and in the type of soils where they are best adapted. This publication provides the most up-to-date information on current adapted cool-season forage varieties. The recommendation of varieties is based on multi-location, multi-year cultivar evaluation experiments that may include trials in Georgia and other states. Previous version: Wallau, Marcelo, Ann Blount, Esteban Rios, Joao Vendramini, Jose Dubeux, Md Babar, and Kevin Kenworthy. 2019. “2019 Cool-Season Forage Variety Recommendations for Florida”. EDIS2019 (August). https://journals.flvc.org/edis/article/view/115513.

scholarly journals Combining Drought Survival via Summer Dormancy and Annual Biomass Productivity in Dactylis glomerata L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajae Kallida ◽  
Latifa Zhouri ◽  
Florence Volaire ◽  
Adrien Guerin ◽  
Bernadette Julier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dactylis Glomerata ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Summer Dormancy ◽  
Annual Biomass ◽  
Drought Survival ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The effect of bovine saliva on growth attributes and forage quality of two contrasting cool season perennial grasses grown in three soils of different fertility

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kerim Gullap ◽  
H. Ibrahim Erkovan ◽  
Ali Koc
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Belowground Biomass ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Dactylis Glomerata L

The aim of this study was to determine the response of Dactylis glomerata L. (Orchardgrass) and Festuca ovina L. (Sheep fescue), to bovine saliva application in a loamy soil (most fertile), a sandy loam and a sandy soil (least fertile). The effects of cutting and cutting + saliva on relative height growth rate (RHGR), above- and belowground biomass and forage quality attributes [crude protein, NDF (neutral detergent fibre) and ADF (acid detergent fibre)] were investigated. The results showed that the cutting and cutting + saliva treatments resulted in greater RHGR than the control, but only with D. glomerata in the sandy soil did the application of saliva increase the RHGR. However, saliva applied after cutting increased the aboveground biomass averaged over all species and all three soils. Saliva applied to D. glomerata increased the belowground biomass in the sandy loam and sandy soils but decreased it in F. ovina in the sandy soil. The application of saliva had no effect on the crude protein or the NDF content of either species in any of the soils. On the other hand, the application of saliva after clipping increased the ADF of F. ovina but decreased that of D. glomerata averaged over all three soils. Averaged over both species, the ADF was increased by the addition of saliva in the sandy soil, had no significant effect in the sandy loam (P > 0.05) and was slightly increased in the loam.

Identification and Measurement of Summer Dormancy in Temperate Perennial Grasses

Crop Science ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 2347-2352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark R. Norton ◽  
F. Volaire ◽  
F. Lelièvre ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Summer Dormancy

Canopy Growth and Density of Wyoming Big Sagebrush Sown with Cool-Season Perennial Grasses

2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann L. Hild ◽  
Gerald E. Schuman ◽  
Laurel E. Vicklund ◽  
Mary I. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Big Sagebrush ◽  
Wyoming Big Sagebrush
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