Mechanism of resistance in Australian sugarcane parent clones to smut and the effect of hot water treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (9) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽  
Barry J. Croft ◽  
Emily C. Deomano ◽  
Rebecca S. James ◽  
Joanne K. Stringer
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Internal Resistance ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
External Resistance ◽  
Sugarcane Plant ◽  
Mechanism Of Resistance ◽  
Water Treatments

Resistance of sugarcane plants to smut is believed to be manifested by two mechanisms, (i) external resistance, governed by structural barrier of bud scale and/or chemical secretion from the bud, and (ii) internal resistance, regulated by interaction of plants and fungus within the plant tissue. Hot water treatments are routinely used to treat seed cane to eliminate a range of diseases including smut. It is believed that hot water treatment predisposes sugarcane plant to smut. This study was conducted to determine the resistance mechanisms of some important Australian parent clones, and their response to hot water treatment in relation to smut infection. Twenty-one clones, used regularly in the Australian sugarcane breeding program, were evaluated. Results showed that ~47% of clones had external and 33% had internal resistance mechanisms, indicating that parent clones selected for this study possessed diverse mechanism of resistance. There is a possibility some or all clones with internal resistance mechanisms could also possess external resistance mechanism. Except one highly susceptible clone (Q205) in one trial, none of the clones subject to hot water treatment became more susceptible to smut. Although some clones showed increased resistance after hot water treatment. These findings will benefit breeders in selecting parent materials in their crossing programs to develop smut-resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Breaking Dormancy in Red Raspberry with Hot Water Treatment and its Effects on Cold Hardiness

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauliina Palonen ◽  
Leena Lindén
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Rubus Idaeus ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Bud Dormancy ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Breaking Dormancy ◽  
Water Treatments

`Maurin Makea', `Muskoka', ` Ottawa', and `Preussen' red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) canes were collected from the field and subjected to different hot water treatments (20, 35, 40, 45, and 50 °C) to determine if endodormancy could be removed by a near lethal stress. Estimation of days for 50% budbreak (DD50) was found useful for describing the state of bud dormancy in the samples. Bud dormancy was broken in `Ottawa' by immersing the canes in 45 °C water for 2 hours, in `Maurin Makea' by treating the canes in 40 °C water, and in `Preussen' by both 40 and 45 °C treatments. The influence of this treatment on dormancy and cold hardiness at different times of the winter was further examined using `Ottawa' raspberry. The treatment removed bud dormancy most effectively in October, when the samples were in deepest dormancy. A slight effect was observed in November, but no effect in January. During ecodormancy in February the treatment delayed budbreak. Hot water treatment reduced cold hardiness of `Ottawa' canes by 8 to 15 °C, and that of buds by 9 to 13 °C during both endo- and ecodormancy. Based on the capacity of buds and canes to reacclimate, recovery from the stress treatment was possible at temperatures ≥4 °C. Loss of cold hardiness was caused by high treatment temperature itself and was not related to breaking of dormancy in samples. This finding suggests that dormancy and cold hardiness are physiologically unconnected in raspberry.

scholarly journals 618 Effect of Preplant Hot-water and Fungicide Treatments on Tuber Development of Caladiums

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 503F-504
Author(s):  
Gary J. Wilfret
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Tuber Weight ◽  
Tuber Development ◽  
Thiophanate Methyl ◽  
Production Index ◽  
Production Indices ◽  
Water Treatments

Intact tubers of Caladium cv. Florida Elise were soaked for 30 min in water at 24 or 50 °C in l998 and manually cut into cubes with 2-cm sides. Propagules were planted on 15-cm centers in raised sand beds covered with white plastic. Tubers were harvested in 6 months, air-dried, cleaned, weighed, and graded. Yield of No. 2 tubers (>1.9 <3.8 cm diam) was increased 31%, total tuber weight was 13% greater, and the production index was 13% larger due to hot-water treatment. No differences were determined for other tuber sizes. Tubers harvested from both treatments were soaked for 30 min in 1999 in water at 24 or 50 °C or in water at 24 or 50 °C that contained the fungicide Systec 85WDG [thiophanate methyl(dimethyl{(1,2-phenylene)-bis(iminocarbonothioyl)}bis{carbamate}] at 33.6 g/20 L. Tubers were cut and planted as in l998 and harvested in 2000. Tuber yields and production indices were greater in all hot-water treatments, but were not increased by fungicides alone. Yields from tubers that were not hot-water treated in l998 but were soaked in hot water in l999 were similar to those tubers that were hot-water-treated in both years. Fungicides did not have an additive effect when hot-water was used.

Effect of fruit maturity on the response of 'Kensington' mango fruit to heat treatment

2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. K. Jacobi ◽  
E. A. MacRae ◽  
S. E. Hetherington
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Immature Fruit ◽  
Conditioning Treatment ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Conditioning Temperature ◽  
Water Treatments

The effects of conditioning and hot water treatments on immature and mature ‘Kensington’ mangoes were examined. A hot water treatment of 47°C fruit core temperature held for 15 min increased weight loss (50%), fruit softness (15%), disrupted starch hydrolysis and interacted with maturity to reduce the skin yellowness (40–51%) of early harvested fruit. Immature fruit were more susceptible to hot water treatment-induced skin scalding, starch layer and starch spot injuries and disease. Conditioning fruit at 40°C for up to 16 h before hot water treatment accelerated fruit ripening, as reflected in higher total soluble solids and lower titratable acidity levels. As fruit maturity increased, the tolerance to hot water treatment-induced skin scalding and the retention of starch layers and starch spots increased and susceptibility to lenticel spotting decreased. A conditioning treatment of either 22° or 40°C before hot water treatment could prevent the appearance of cavities at all maturity levels. The 40°C conditioning temperature was found to be more effective in increasing fruit heat tolerance than the 22°C treatment; the longer the time of conditioning at 40°C, the more effective the treatment (16 v. 4 h). For maximum fruit quality, particularly for export markets, it is recommended that mature fruit are selected and conditioned before hot water treatment to reduce the risk of heat damage.

scholarly journals Effect of hot water dip treatment on seedborne pathogens and germination of carrot seeds

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 404-404
Author(s):  
L-H. Cheah ◽  
A.T. Marsh ◽  
D.I. Hedderley
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Seedborne Pathogens ◽  
Hot Water Dip ◽  
Water Treatments

The effect of hot water treatment of carrot seeds on seedborne pathogens (Alternaria and Fusarium spp) and seed germination was studied Carrot seeds (no fungicide) were dipped in water at 50C or 52C for 10 20 or 30 min and plated on potato dextrose agar to assess pathogen growth Treated seeds were sown in cell trays to assess germination in a glasshouse The weight of the germinated seedlings was also recorded All hot water treatments significantly (P

scholarly journals Shelf-Life and Acceptability of Hot Water-Treated Mangos

1969 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474
Author(s):  
Noemí Díaz ◽  
Teresita Rodríguez ◽  
Isabel B. De Caloni
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Organoleptic Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Decay ◽  
Water Treatments

Mangos given hot water treatments for 0 , 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes, followed by cold storage for seven and 14 days, were sensory-evaluated for overall quality, shelf life, and percentage fruit decay. Hot water treatment did not affect the physical, chemical and organoleptic characteristics studied. The decay observations indicate that fruits held for seven days in cold storage (50-55° F and 85-90% RH) should be of good marketing quality for up to 12 days. If kept for 14 days in cold storage, they should be marketed within four to five days after removal from the cold.

scholarly journals Pretreatments at 38 °C of `Hass' Avocado Confer Thermotolerance to 50 °C Hot Water Treatments

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allan B. Woolf ◽  
Michael Lay-Yee
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Heat Shock Protein ◽  
Persea Americana ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Avocado Fruit ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Water Treatments

`Hass' avocados [Persea americana Mill.] were pretreated in water (38 °C for up to 120 min) immediately before 50 °C hot water treatments of up to 10 min. Fruit were stored for 1 week at 6 °C and ripened at 20 °C. External browning was evaluated immediately upon removal from cold storage, and fruit quality evaluated when fruit were ripe. Pretreatments at 38 °C tended to reduce the levels of external browning, skin hardening, and internal disorders, such as tissue breakdown and body rots, that were associated, and increased, with longer hot water treatments. A pretreatment of 60 min was the most effective for eliminating external browning, and reducing hardening of the skin when fruit were ripe following hot water treatment. Examination of heat shock protein (hsp) gene expression in avocado skin tissue, showed that levels of hspl7 and hsp70 homologous mRNA increased with increasing pretreatment duration. The results demonstrate that 38 °C pretreatments increase the tolerance of avocado fruit to subsequent hot water treatments.

Short-Time Treatment with Alkali and/or Hot Water To Remove Common Pathogenic and Spoilage Bacteria From Chicken Wing Skin

1996 ◽  
Vol 59 (7) ◽  
pp. 746-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA MARIA RODRIGUEZ DE LEDESMA ◽  
HANS P. RIEMANN ◽  
THOMAS B. FARVER
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Wing Skin ◽  
Water Treatments

Dipping in 10% trisodium phosphate (TSP) at 10°C for 15 s and/or hot water (95°C) for 5 s significantly (P &lt; 0,05) reduced the numbers of live Salmonella typhimurium, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus inoculated on the surface of chicken wings. Mean reductions after treatment with TSP (after storage at 10°C or 4°C, respectively) were 93.45% and 62.42% for S. typhimurium, 80.33% and 54.45% for S. aureus, and 39.04% and 81.41 % for L. monocytogenes. Similarly treatment with hot water resulted in reductions of 83.5% and 47.44%, 90.19% and 91.49%, and 68.57% and 77.83%, respectively, for the three bacterial species. The combined effects of TSP and hot water were 94.76% and 99.67%, 84.41 % and 96.68%, and 79.49% and 94.88%. After treatment with TSP, there was always a better recovery of L. monocytogenes when the wings were stored at 10°C compared to 4°C. No similar storage temperature effect on recovery of L. monocytogenes was observed in the absence of TSP. Based on the smell and appearance of uninoculated, fresh chicken wings after treatment with 10% solutions of TSP or Na2CO3 (10°C) and hot water, the control group was always preferred after 1 day of storage, but not after 6 days of storage. Combination treatment with TSP and hot water showed that after 7 days of storage the number of spoilage organisms was 3 log units higher on the control samples than on the treated wings. The combined TSP and hot water treatments were more effective in reducing counts of S. typhimurium, S. aureus, and L. monocytogenes than the combined Na2CO3 and hot water treatment (95°C for 5 s). Changes in subcutaneous temperature as a result of treatment with TSP and hot water treatment were minimal.

Effectiveness of 1,3-Dibromo-5,5 Dimethylhydantoin on Reduction of Escherichia coli O157:H7– and Salmonella-Inoculated Fresh Meat†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORASAK KALCHAYANAND ◽  
TERRANCE M. ARTHUR ◽  
JOSEPH M. BOSILEVAC ◽  
DAYNA M. BRICHTA-HARHAY ◽  
MICHAEL N. GUERINI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Water Treatments

1,3-Dibromo-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DBDMH; 25°C) and hot water (85°C) spray treatments were evaluated for efficacy in decontamination of pathogenic bacteria attached to beef carcass surfaces represented by cutaneous trunci (CT) muscle sections and beef hearts. Treatments were evaluated using two different systems, a commercial carcass wash cabinet and a model carcass washer. The effects were measured immediately after treatment and again after 48 h of storage at 4°C. Sections of CT and beef hearts were inoculated with bovine fecal solution containing approximately 6 log CFU/cm2 of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella. After DBDMH or hot water spray treatments, bacterial populations were enumerated immediately and after storage for 48 h at 4°C. DBDMH treatments reduced aerobic plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae, E. coli O157: H7, and Salmonella by the same or slightly lower amounts relative to hot water treatment. DBDMH reduced aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae by 2.8 to 3.6 log CFU/cm2, E. coli O157:H7 by 1.6 to 2.1 log CFU/cm2, and Salmonella by 0.7 to 2.3 log CFU/cm2 on CT sections and beef hearts. Hot water treatment reduced aerobic plate counts and Enterobacteriaceae by 3.0 to 4.1 log CFU/cm2, E. coli O157:H7 by 1.8 to 2.3 log CFU/cm2, and Salmonella by 2.5 to 2.8 log CFU/cm2. After 48 h of storage, the reductions of organisms by DBDMH and hot water treatments were not different. This study demonstrated that DBDMH spray washing could be effective as an antimicrobial intervention for beef carcasses and variety meats.

scholarly journals Changes in Color and Chlorophyll Fluorescence of Broccoli Florets following Hot Water Treatment

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (2) ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Tian ◽  
A.B. Woolf ◽  
J.H. Bowen ◽  
I.B. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Constant Level ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Heat Damage ◽  
Optimum Treatment ◽  
Fluorescence Measurements ◽  
Water Treatments

Hot water treatments (HWTs), at a range of temperatures (43 to 55C) and durations (10 sec to 30 min), were applied to floret groups of `Shogun' broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var italica) directly after harvest. Floret groups were then stored at 20C in the dark for 3 days. A range of optimal treatments was found in which yellowing was markedly reduced, and heat damage (water soaking and decay) did not occur. Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements indicated that in the optimum treatment that prevented yellowing the Fv/Fm ratio following HWT decreased immediately and was maintained at a constant level for the next 3 days. A further experiment examined the effect of HWT durations up to 20 min at 47C on fluorescence and yellowing. Longer durations of HWTs (>5 min) progressively reduced yellowing and the Fv/Fm ratio. From these three experiments a HWT of 47C for 7.5 min was selected as the best treatment. This treatment consistently reduced yellowing for up to 5 days. A decrease in the Fv/Fm ratio may be a useful indicator of broccoli florets response to hot water treatments.

scholarly journals Reduction of Xylella fastidiosa Transmission Through Pecan Scion Wood by Hot-Water Treatment

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Sanderlin ◽  
R. A. Melanson
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Xylella Fastidiosa ◽  
Carya Illinoinensis ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Leaf Scorch ◽  
Cape Fear ◽  
Graft Success ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Scorch

Pecan (Carya illinoinensis) bacterial leaf scorch disease, caused by the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, causes leaf loss and reduction in yield of pecans. One of the ways that the pathogen infects newly developing trees is by graft-transmission through infected scion wood. Submersion of pecan scion wood in 46°C water for 30 min greatly reduced transmission of X. fastidiosa following grafting. During a 2-year study with potted rootstock grafted to either hot-water-treated or nontreated scion wood collected from limbs of ‘Cape Fear’ pecan infected with X. fastidiosa, the pathogen was detected in 21% of the trees that developed from the nontreated scion wood and 0.7% of the trees from the hot-water-treated scions. The hot-water treatment of 46°C for 30 min did not affect graft success. Likewise, scion diameter had no effect on success of grafting or on the efficacy of hot-water treatment. Similar hot-water treatments have been efficacious in elimination of X. fastidiosa and some other pathogens from grapevine cuttings. The use of the hot-water treatment demonstrated in this report could be helpful to individual pecan growers and nurseries that use scion wood that may be infected with X. fastidiosa to reduce the occurrence of pecan bacterial leaf scorch disease in new trees.

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