Characterisation of novel perennial ryegrass host–Neotyphodium endophyte associations

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 716 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Tian ◽  
T.-N. Le ◽  
E. J. Ludlow ◽  
K. F. Smith ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Hydroponic Culture ◽  
Symbiotic Association ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Neotyphodium Endophyte

The temperate pasture grass Lolium perenne L. is commonly found in symbiotic association with the asexual fungal endophyte Neotyphodium lolii. Levels of endophyte colonisation and alkaloid content were evaluated in associations formed by plant genotypes from cv. Bronsyn with the standard endophyte (SE) and five distinct commercial endophyte strains. Bronsyn–SE produced all of the measured alkaloids (lolitrem B, peramine, and ergovaline). Bronsyn–AR1 produced only peramine, while Bronsyn–AR37 produced none of the tested alkaloids. Bronsyn–NEA2, Bronsyn–NEA3, and Bronsyn–NEA6 produced both ergovaline and peramine. Both endophyte strain and host genotype exerted significant effects on alkaloid production. Analysis of endophyte colonisation using qPCR revealed differences between each association. With the exception of Bronsyn–AR1 and Bronsyn–NEA3, host genotype also significantly affected colonisation levels. Phenotypic performance of each association was also assessed, based on measurement of morphological traits under glasshouse conditions in hydroponic culture. Significant variation due to different endophyte and host genotypes was observed. Collectively, these studies confirm that differences in both endophyte and host genotypes contribute to host–endophyte performance in a complex interactive manner.

Assessment of gene flow using tetraploid genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Cunliffe ◽  
A. C. Vecchies ◽  
E. S. Jones ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Total Seed

Ryegrass species are among the most important species in sown pastures, turf settings, and weed populations worldwide. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an outcrossing, wind-pollinated grass. Recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of developing transgenic perennial ryegrass varieties. In order to model the consequences of gene flow from transgenic grass genotypes in a field situation, the model non-transgenic trait of fertility among autotetraploid genotypes was chosen. Gene flow over distance and direction from a donor plot to surrounding sexually compatible recipient plants was studied. Reproductive isolation was achieved through the fertility barrier that arises between tetraploid and diploid ryegrass genotypes, despite the presence of diploid plants in a meadow situation. Fertility was used as an indication of effective gene flow over distance and direction. Measures of the fertility of recipient plants included total seed production (TSP), floret site utilisation (FSU), and relative fertility of recipient plants as a percentage of those within the donor plot (RF%). A leptokurtic distribution for gene flow was identified, with differences in the rate of decline over distance depending on direction. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism was used to identify the paternity of progeny plants. The proportional representation of parents among the progeny was not significantly different from that expected due to the numerical representation of the different donor parent genotypes. The results of this research will have important implications for risk analysis prior to the field release of transgenic ryegrasses, fescues, and other pasture grass species, and for seed production in terms of cultivar purity and optimum isolation distance.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND HOST GENOTYPE DIRECT GENETIC DIVERSITY OF VENTURIA DITRICHA, A FUNGAL ENDOPHYTE OF BIRCH TREES

Evolution ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jouni U. Ahlholm ◽  
Marjo Helander ◽  
Janne Henriksson ◽  
Mary Metzler ◽  
Kari Saikkonen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Host Genotype ◽  
Birch Trees

Genetic Diversity in the Perennial Ryegrass Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium lolii

2004 ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van Zijll de Jong ◽  
Nathaniel R. Bannan ◽  
Jacqueline Batley ◽  
Kathryn M. Guthridge ◽  
German C. Spangenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii

Genetic diversity and population structure analysis of the tropical pasture grass Brachiaria humidicola based on microsatellites, cytogenetics, morphological traits, and geographical origin

Genome ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 698-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jungmann ◽  
B. B.Z. Vigna ◽  
K. R. Boldrini ◽  
A. C.B. Sousa ◽  
C. B. do Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Ploidy Levels ◽  
Brachiaria Humidicola ◽  
Population Structure Analysis

Brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) Schweick. is a warm-season grass commonly used as forage in the tropics. Accessions of this species were collected in eastern Africa and massively introduced into South America in the 1980s. Several of these accessions form a germplasm collection at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation. However, apomixis, ploidy, and limited knowledge of the genetic basis of this germplasm collection have constrained breeding activities. The objectives of this work were to identify genetic variability in the Brazilian B. humidicola germplasm collection using microsatellite markers and to compare the results with information on the following: (1) collection sites of the accessions; (2) reproductive mode and ploidy levels; and (3) genetic diversity revealed by morphological traits. The evaluated germplasm population is highly structured into four major groups. The sole sexual accession did not group with any of the clusters. Genetic dissimilarities did not correlate with either geographic distances or genetic distances inferred from morphological descriptors. Additionally, the genetic structure identified in this collection did not correspond to differences in ploidy level. Alleles exclusive to either sexual or apomictic accessions were identified, suggesting that further evaluation of the association of these loci with apospory should be carried out.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) accessions as revealed by morphological traits and SSR markers

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245120
Author(s):  
Eyasu Wada ◽  
Tileye Feyissa ◽  
Kassahun Tesfaye ◽  
Zemede Asfaw ◽  
Daniel Potter
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Quantitative Traits ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Multiple Routes

Cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium (L.) Schott) is an exotic species from tropical America that is widely cultivated in Ethiopia for its edible cormels and leaves. There is a dearth of information on the genetic diversity of Ethiopian cocoyam. In order to evaluate and select cocoyam germplasm for breeding and conservation, genetic diversity of 100 Ethiopian cocoyam accessions (65 green- and 35 purple- cocoyam) were analyzed using 29 morphological traits (16 qualitative and 13 quantitative) and 12 SSR loci. Two classes of qualitative traits were observed. ANOVA revealed significant variation in 11 (84.6%) of the 13 studied quantitative traits. The SSR marker analysis showed high genetic diversity. A total of 36 alleles were detected with a range of 2 to 5 (average of 3.273) alleles per locus. The average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values across populations were 0.503 and 0.443, respectively. The analysis of molecular variance showed that the variation among populations, among individuals within populations, and within individuals explained 14%, 18%, and 68% of the total variation, respectively. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions irrespective of the collection sites. A dendrogram based on Nei’s standard genetic distance grouped the green cocoyam accessions together while the purple cocoyam accessions occupied a separate position within the dendrogram. Significant variation in quantitative traits and the high level of genetic diversity revealed by the SSR markers suggest that diverse cocoyam accessions, probably with multiple lineage, were introduced multiple times, through multiple routes and probably by multiple agents, an hypothesis that needs futher testing and analyis. The crop, therefore, needs more research efforts commensurate with its economic and social values than it has been accorded thus far. Further study is recommended to clarify the taxonomic status of Ethiopian cocoyam accesions and to trace their evolutionary relationships with Xanthosoma species elsewhere.

scholarly journals Survival of endophyte-infected ryegrass seed buried in soil

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
D.E. Hume ◽  
M.P. Rolston ◽  
D.B. Baird ◽  
W.J. Archie ◽  
M.R. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year

Emergence of volunteer perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) from seed buried in soil may contribute to the ingress of ryegrass in newly sown pastures. To investigate this, ryegrass seed infected with fungal endophyte (Neotyphodium lolii) was buried in nylon bags under pasture at two depths and at two sites (Palmerston North, Lincoln) in early/mid-autumn 1998. Seed bags were removed from the soil at intervals over the course of one year to determine seed viability and presence of endophyte in seedlings. Viability of seed declined rapidly to be 10% 3 months after burial. Further decline in viability was less, so that 12 months after burial 4% of seeds were still viable. Endophyte viability also declined, from 58% infection of seedlings at the time of burial to 21% at 12 months. This was at a slower rate than the decline in seed viability and from what might have been predicted from seed storage experiments. Viability of seed buried at 10 cm was greater than that buried at 3 cm (e.g., means, 10% and 1% after 6 months, respectively). This has implications for cultivation practices before pasture establishment. Seed buried at Lincoln maintained higher viability than seed buried at Palmerston North (e.g., means, 6% and 4% after 6 months, respectively), which was associated with drier soil conditions at Lincoln. Survival of buried seed may therefore be of greater importance in summer-dry east coast regions, compared with moist west coast environments or in wet years. The significance of buried ryegrass seed will depend on the numbers involved, but after 12 months there were still viable seeds left in the soil and some of these were infected with endophyte. This is important for pastures sown with ryegrass that is free of endophyte or infected with a selected endophyte, and for slower establishing grass species such as tall fescue. Keywords: endophyte, endophyte survival, Lolium perenne, Neotyphodium lolii, perennial ryegrass, seed burial, seed survival

scholarly journals Identifying morphological traits associated with vegetative persistence in the perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) cultivar 'Grasslands Samson'

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Jessica R. O'Connor ◽  
James R. Crush ◽  
Zulfi Jahufer
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Genetic Shift

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) vegetative persistence (maintained herbage growth and survival without reseeding) is an important economic trait for farmers in New Zealand as it decreases the frequency of reseeding pastures. Vegetative persistence is difficult to breed for due to a lack of long-term trials to observe the complex interactions between plant genotype and the environment. In a long-term trial a genetic shift in the sown cultivar population could occur as individual plants with advantageous traits outcompete other plants and survive. The objectives of our study were to investigate the occurrence of a potential genetic shift in a sample (30 plants) of a persistent population of ‘Grasslands Samson’ perennial ryegrass. Persistent plants were collected from a nine-year-old trial at Poukawa, Hawke's Bay. To identify a genetic shift, these plants were compared to a sample of 30 plants sourced from commercial seed of ‘Grasslands Samson’ representing the original population. This study estimated genotypic variation within and between the populations for eight morphological traits after 10 weeks' growth under glasshouse conditions. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between the traits were estimated. Results showed that the persistent population had significantly (P<0.05) greater means for tiller number, reproductive tiller number, lamina sheath length, and dry weight. Future research studying these traits across farm environments would further understanding of their roles in vegetative persistence of ryegrass.

Global Genetic Diversity of the Perennial Ryegrass Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium lolii

Crop Science ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 1487-1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van Zijll de Jong ◽  
Mark P. Dobrowolski ◽  
Nathaniel R. Bannan ◽  
Alan V. Stewart ◽  
Kevin F. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii
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