Assessment of gene flow using tetraploid genotypes of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2004 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Cunliffe ◽  
A. C. Vecchies ◽  
E. S. Jones ◽  
G. A. Kearney ◽  
J. W. Forster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Total Seed

Ryegrass species are among the most important species in sown pastures, turf settings, and weed populations worldwide. Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is an outcrossing, wind-pollinated grass. Recent research has demonstrated the feasibility of developing transgenic perennial ryegrass varieties. In order to model the consequences of gene flow from transgenic grass genotypes in a field situation, the model non-transgenic trait of fertility among autotetraploid genotypes was chosen. Gene flow over distance and direction from a donor plot to surrounding sexually compatible recipient plants was studied. Reproductive isolation was achieved through the fertility barrier that arises between tetraploid and diploid ryegrass genotypes, despite the presence of diploid plants in a meadow situation. Fertility was used as an indication of effective gene flow over distance and direction. Measures of the fertility of recipient plants included total seed production (TSP), floret site utilisation (FSU), and relative fertility of recipient plants as a percentage of those within the donor plot (RF%). A leptokurtic distribution for gene flow was identified, with differences in the rate of decline over distance depending on direction. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) polymorphism was used to identify the paternity of progeny plants. The proportional representation of parents among the progeny was not significantly different from that expected due to the numerical representation of the different donor parent genotypes. The results of this research will have important implications for risk analysis prior to the field release of transgenic ryegrasses, fescues, and other pasture grass species, and for seed production in terms of cultivar purity and optimum isolation distance.

scholarly journals High-Throughput Ground Cover Classification of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) for the Estimation of Persistence in Pasture Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Chinthaka Jayasinghe ◽  
Pieter Badenhorst ◽  
Joe Jacobs ◽  
German Spangenberg ◽  
Kevin Smith
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Abiotic And Biotic Stresses ◽  
Ground Truth Data ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Biotic Stresses

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions of Australia and New Zealand. However, it can have poor persistence due to a low tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. A major challenge in measuring persistence in pasture breeding is that the assessment of pasture survival depends on ranking populations based on manual ground cover estimation. Ground cover measurements may include senescent and living tissues and can be measured as percentages or fractional units. The amount of senescent pasture present in a sward may indicate changes in plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The existing tools to estimate perennial ryegrass ground cover are not sensitive enough to discriminate senescent ryegrass from soil. This study aimed to develop a more precise sensor-based phenomic method to discriminate senescent pasture from soil. Ground-based RGB images, airborne multispectral images, ground-based hyperspectral data, and ground truth samples were taken from 54 perennial ryegrass plots three years after sowing. Software packages and machine learning scripts were used to develop a pipeline for high-throughput data extraction from sensor-based platforms. Estimates from the high-throughput pipeline were positively correlated with the ground truth data (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the RGB-based high-throughput approach offers a precision tool to assess perennial ryegrass persistence in pasture breeding programs. Improvements in the spatial resolution of hyperspectral and multispectral techniques would then be used for persistence estimation in mixed swards and other monocultures.

scholarly journals Profiling the Lolium perenne Microbiome: From Seed to Seed

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Tannenbaum ◽  
Jatinder Kaur ◽  
Ross Mann ◽  
Timothy Sawbridge ◽  
Brendan Rodoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Growth Media ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Pasture Grass ◽  
Core Microbiome ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome ◽  
Seed Transmissibility

Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is a common temperate pasture grass species and is favored by dairy farmers. Commercially, the known association with the mutualistic endophytic fungus Epichloë festucae subsp. lolii is used to enhance insect resistance of host plants. Knowledge of other members of the microbiome and their functions are limited. Sequencing of the V4 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to examine the bacterial microbiome of perennial ryegrass (Alto) seed (generation 1 [G1]), subsequent mature plants grown in soil and sand, and seed (generation 2 [G2]) from crosses of these mature plants. The G1 microbiome was dominated by the class Gammaproteobacteria. The mature plant microbiomes were far more diverse, comprising up to 37 classes inclusive of Gammaproteobacteria. Different growth media yielded different microbiome profiles in mature plants. The G2 microbiome, similar to the G1 microbiome, was dominated by Gammaproteobacteria as the primary constituent, with additional supplementation from class Bacilli. This suggests the continuation of a core microbiome which persists from seed through plant maturation to seed. This study sheds new light on the hereditability of perennial ryegrass bacterial microbiomes and has identified some operational taxonomic units of potential commercial significance due to their seed transmissibility, and their roles are currently being explored.

Irrigation frequency and seasonal timing effects on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) seed production

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 126-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Chastain ◽  
Craig M. King ◽  
Carol J. Garbacik ◽  
William C. Young ◽  
D.J. Wysocki
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Seasonal Timing ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Timing Effects

Prospects for the development of F1 hybrid varieties of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and other herbage grasses

1973 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Foster
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Hybrid Seed ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
F1 Hybrid ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
Breeding Objective

SummaryConsideration is given to the prospects of producing F1 hybrid varieties of perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne, and other herbage grass species for commercial use. In the light of the results of interpopulational hydridization in this and other crop species and of the technical and economic disadvantages inherent in other methods of F1 hybrid seed production, it is concluded that the development of interpopulational F1 hybrid varieties, by the field interpollination of parent populations, is a desirable and worthwhile breeding objective.

scholarly journals An Object-Based Image Analysis Approach to Assess Persistence of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) in Pasture Breeding

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chinthaka Jayasinghe ◽  
Pieter Badenhorst ◽  
Junping Wang ◽  
Joe Jacobs ◽  
German Spangenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Subjective Time ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Object Based

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions of the world, but it is prone to having poor persistence due to the incidence of abiotic and biotic stresses. This creates a challenge for livestock producers to use their agricultural lands more productively and intensively within sustainable limits. Breeding perennial ryegrass cultivars that are both productive and persistent is a target of forage breeding programs and will allow farmers to select appropriate cultivars to deliver the highest profitability over the lifetime of a sward. Conventional methods for the estimation of pasture persistence depend on manual ground cover estimation or counting the number of surviving plants or tillers in a given area. Those methods are subjective, time-consuming and/or labour intensive. This study aimed to develop a phenomic method to evaluate the persistence of perennial ryegrass cultivars in field plots. Data acquisition was conducted three years after sowing to estimate the persistence of perennial ryegrass using high-resolution aerial-based multispectral and ground-based red, green and blue(RGB) sensors, and subsequent image analysis. There was a strong positive relationship between manual ground cover and sensor-based ground cover estimates (p < 0.001). Although the manual plant count was positively correlated with sensor-based ground cover (p < 0.001) intra-plot plant size variation influenced the strength of this relationship. We conclude that object-based ground cover estimation is most suitable for use in large-scale breeding programs due to its higher accuracy, efficiency and repeatability. With further development, this technique could be used to assess temporal changes of perennial ryegrass persistence in experimental studies and on a farm scale.

scholarly journals Selectivity of some herbicides to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), grown for seed production

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsvetanka Dimitrova ◽  
Aneliya Katova
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Phytotoxic Effect ◽  
Weeds Control

During the period 2008-2010, on the experimental field of the Institute of Forage Crops - Pleven, on slightly leached chernozem a study was conducted with the purpose to determine the selectivity of some herbicides to perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), and their influence on the seed productivity. As a result of the study the following was found: herbicides for broadleaf weeds control - Arat (500 g/l dicamba + 250 g/l tritosulfuron) at rate of 100 ml/ha, Korida 75 VDG (750 g/kg tribenuron-methyl) - 15 g/ha and Cambio SL (320 g/l bentazone + 90 g/l dicamba) - 1250 ml/ha had high selectivity to perennial ryegrass, applied at 2-4 leaf stage during establishing year of the stand and until the stage of the beginning of shooting up in seed production year. Herbicide for grass weeds control: Topik 080EK (80 g/l clodinafop-prop-argyl + antidote) at rate of 300 ml/ha, applied at the same stage can be applied in seed production stands of perennial ryegrass. Herbicide for grass weeds control - Grasp 25SK (250 g/l tralkoxydim) + Atplus 463 at rate of 1000 + 1000 ml/ ha showed phytotoxic effect on L. perenne and caused the reduction of seed and dry biomass productivity. Realization of the biological potential concerning seed and dry mass yield of perennial ryegrass demands application of selective herbicides Arat, Korida 75 VDG and Cambio SL in control of broadleaf weeds and Topik 080EK in control of grass weeds.

Effect of bacterial fertilizers on the properties of a pseudomyceliar chernozem soil and on the biomass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jakab ◽  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

A tenyészedényes kísérletünket a DE AGTC MÉK Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet tenyészházában állítottuk be 2010. május 27-én. A kísérletben Debrecen-Látókép környékéről származó mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajt alkalmaztunk, amely az alábbi jellemzőkkel rendelkezett: KA: 37,5; leiszapolható rész: 51%; pH(KCl): 5,5; pH(H2O): 6,6; Hu%: 2,8; AL-P2O5: 140 mg·kg-1; AL-K2O: 316,3 mg·kg-1. Az adatok alapján a kísérleti talaj gyengén savanyú, vályog kötöttségű, közepes nitrogén- és foszfor-, valamint jó kálium-ellátottsággal rendelkezett. A kísérletben kontroll-, műtrágya-, valamint szalmakezelést alkalmaztunk, melyeket bizonyos kombinációkban három különböző baktériumkészítménnyel (Bactofil A, EM-1, Microbion UNC) egészítettünk ki. A kísérletet három ismétlésben véletlenblokk elrendezésben állítottuk be. A tesztnövény angolperje (Lolium perenneL.) volt. A kísérlet kezdetétől számított 8. héten a talaj-, valamint a növényminták begyűjtésére került sor. Meghatároztuk a növényminták száraztömegét, a növény foszfor- és káliumtartalmát, valamint a talajminták nitrát-, valamint AL-oldható foszfor- és káliumtartalmát. Eredményeink alapján főbb megállapításaink a következők: – Az angolperje száraztömegét a műtrágyakezelés szignifikánsan növelte. A hatás a tápelem-ellátottság javulásával magyarázható. – A növény foszforkoncentrációja a műtrágyázás következtében csökkent, amelyet a hígulási effektussal magyarázhatunk. – A növény káliumkoncentrációját a műtrágya-, valamint a műtrágya+baktériumtrágya kezelések szignifikánsan serkentették. – A talaj nitráttartalma szignifikánsan növekedett a műtrágyakezelés kivételével minden kezelésben. – A talaj AL-P2O5-tartalma az NPK-műtrágyázás és az EM-1 kezelés következtében statisztikailag igazolható mértékben megnövekedett, míg az AL-K2O-tartalom kizárólag a szalmakezelés hatására nőtt. A baktériumkészítmények önmagukban alkalmazva általában nem eredményeztek jelentős változást a vizsgált paraméterekben, azonban a készítmények szerves/ásványi anyagokkal kombinált adagolása esetében különböző mértékben befolyásolták a vizsgált mutatókat.

The effect of biological additives on the composition and nutritive value of silage

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 139-139
Author(s):  
M Gonzalez Yanez ◽  
R Mcginn ◽  
D H Anderson ◽  
A R Henderson ◽  
P Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Forage Harvester

It Is claimed that the use of the correct enzyme system as an additive on grass silage will satisfactorily control the fermentation and reduce the cell-wall fibre content, thus preserving the nutrients In the silage and aiding their utilisation by the animal (Henderson and McDonald, 1977; Huhtanen et al, 1985; Raurama et al, 1987; Chamberlain and Robertson, 1989; Gordon, 1989;).The aim of the present experiment was to assess the effect of biological additives, enzymes or a combination of enzymes with an Inoculum of lactic acid bacteria, on the composition of silage and on its nutritive value when offered to store lambs as the sole constituent of their diet.On 1st June 1988, first cut perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) at pre-ear emergence was ensiled direct cut untreated (U), treated with a commercial enzyme (E) or with a commercial inoculum of lactic acid bacteria with enzymes (I) in 6t capacity bunker silos. The grass was cut with a mower and lifted with a New Holland precision chop forage harvester. The additives were pumped onto the grass using a dribble bar sited over the pick-up drum.

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