scholarly journals Predictions of watertable depth and soil salinity levels for land capability assessment using site indicator species

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Sarita Jane Bennett ◽  
E. G. Barrett-Lennard
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Indicator Species ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Land Capability ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Species Preferences

Salt-affected land varies spatially and seasonally in terms of soil salinity and depth to the watertable. This paper asks whether native and naturalised species growing on saltland can be used as ‘indicators’ of saltland capability. The percentage cover of native and naturalised species was recorded in spring 2004 and 2005 across saltland transects on three sites in Western Australia. The presence of these plants was related to average soil salinity (ECe) at depth (25–50 cm), and depth to the watertable in spring. Eight naturalised species occurred with ≥40% cover on the sites. Species preferences varied, with some such as samphire (Tecticornia pergranulata) and puccinellia (Puccinellia ciliata) only occurring with shallow watertables (<0.7 m deep) and with ECe values >16 dS/m. Other species such as capeweed (Arctotheca calendula) and annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) were dominant where watertables were deeper (>1.3 m) and salinity levels lower (ECe values 2–8 and 4–16 dS/m, respectively). Our data suggest that some of the species recorded can be used as indicators of saltland capability and, further, can predict the most productive species to sow in that area. Other species were found not to be good indicators as they displayed more opportunistic habitat requirements.

Habitat requirements of the spectacled hare-wallaby (Lagorchestes conspicillatus) in the Northern Territory and Western Australia

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ingleby ◽  
M Westoby
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Northern Territory ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Habitat Requirements ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Food Items ◽  
Dry Seasons

Fourteen sites occupied by Lagorchestes conspicillatus in the Northern Territory were examined from July to September 1986. The abundance of possible food items at each site was estimated by measuring the percentage cover of herbs, grasses and shrubs with foliage below one metre. Also recorded was the abundance of potential shelters, including grass tussocks, spinifex hummocks (Plectrachne and Triodia spp.) and low shrubs and trees. All sites possessed trees (more than 10 per ha) and shrubs (more than 5 per ha) together with more than 0.5% cover of green grass foliage. A model of suitable habitat was constructed using the 1986 results, and this was tested within the species' range in the Pilbara, Western Australia, and near Daly Waters in the Northern Territory in 1987. The abundance of L. conspicillatus was scored at control sites (sites with all features considered essential on the basis of 1986 data) and test sites (sites lacking 1-2 'essential' features). These data indicated that L, conspicillatus can occur at sites with as little as 0.2% cover of green grass provided there is more than 1.5% herb cover. Sites with no green grass (less than 0.2%) were usually not occupied. All sites occupied by L. conspicillatus had potentially suitable shelters, either shrubs, grass tussocks or spinifex hummocks within 50m of the feeding areas. Diet selection by L. conspicillatus during the 1986 and 1987 dry seasons was as follows: (a) herbs were eaten in preference to other food items except certain seeds; (b) grass formed at least 10% of faecal contents irrespective of herb cover; and (c) at sites with less than 0.5% herb cover the levels of grass in the faeces increased to compensate for the low availability of herbs.

Development of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass populations (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in the cropping belt of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Gill
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
The Relationship

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) samples from the cropping belt of Western Australia were screened for herbicide resistance in 1992 and 1993. There was a strong relationship between the number of applications of a herbicide group and development of resistance in ryegrass populations. Resistance was detected in all populations that received >7 applications of aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) and cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides or >4 applications of sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides. Some AOPP-resistant populations had also developed crossresistance to SU herbicides, a group with a different mode of action. Inclusion of pasture in the rotation had little effect on the relationship between the number of applications of the AOPP and SU herbicides and development of resistance. A subset of 33 populations was chosen to determine the response of triasulfuron-resistant populations to sulfometuron, a nonselective SU herbicide which has been shown to be effective against metabolic-type resistance. All triasulfuron-resistant populations were found to be resistant to sulfometuron, possibly due to insensitive acetolactate synthase (ALS) in these ryegrass populations. Some of these SU-resistant populations were also resistant to the imidazolinone herbicide imazethapyr, another ALS inhibitor. However, there were several populations with a high level of SU resistance that were still susceptible to imazethapyr.

Soil Salinity and Land Capability Classification

Soil Horizons ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Robert E. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Land Capability

Alleviation of dormancy in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seeds by hydration and after-ripening

Weed Science ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 968-975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
Kathryn J. Steadman ◽  
Andrew D. Crawford
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dormancy Release ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Dormant Seed ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Time Model ◽  
Treatment Regimens ◽  
Two Populations

The effect of hydration (priming) treatment on dormancy release in annual ryegrass seeds from two populations was investigated. Hydration duration, number, and timing with respect to after-ripening were compared in an experiment involving 15 treatment regimens for 12 wk. Seeds were hydrated at 100% relative humidity for 0, 2, or 10 d at Weeks 1, 6, or 12 of after-ripening. Dormancy status was assessed after each hydration treatment by measuring seed germination at 12-hourly alternating 25/15 C (light/dark) periods using seeds directly from the hydration treatment and seeds subjected to 4 d postpriming desiccation. Seeds exposed to one or more hydration events during the 12 wk were less dormant than seeds that remained dry throughout after-ripening. The longer hydration of 10 d promoted greater dormancy loss than either a 2-d hydration or no hydration. For the seed lot that was most dormant at the start of the experiment, two or three rather than one hydration event or a hydration event earlier rather than later during after-ripening promoted greater dormancy release. These effects were not significant for the less-dormant seed lot. For both seed lots, the effect of a single hydration for 2 d at Week 1 or 6 of after-ripening was not manifested until the test at Week 12 of the experiment, suggesting that the hydration events alter the rate of dormancy release during subsequent after-ripening. A hydrothermal priming time model, usually used for modeling the effect of priming on germination rate of nondormant seeds, was successfully applied to dormancy release resulting from the hydration treatments.

Tree Species Preferences of Foraging Birds in Jarrah Forest in Western Australia.

1985 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 461 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Abbott ◽  
PV Heurck
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Selective Logging ◽  
Jarrah Forest ◽  
Eucalyptus Marginata ◽  
Silvicultural Treatments ◽  
Species Preferences

A study of foraging by 10 bird species suggests that selective logging of large Eucalyptus marginata will only have affected Melithreptus lunatus, but that proposed silvicultural treatments, including removal of Banksia grandis, may affect several other bird species.

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) seed survival and digestibility in cattle and sheep

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stanton ◽  
J. Piltz ◽  
J. Pratley ◽  
A. Kaiser ◽  
D. Hudson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Seed Survival ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

A trial was conducted to investigate the survival and digestibility of annual ryegrass (ARG) seed (Lolium rigidum L.) eaten by sheep and cattle. Sheep (n= 8) and cattle (n = 8) were fed a basal diet containing 1:1 lucerne chaff:oaten chaff with (ARG) or without (control) the inclusion of 20% total dry matter of annual ryegrass seed in a changeover design. Intake was restricted to 17 g/kg liveweight. Digestibility of the control diet was lower (P<0.01) for sheep than cattle. Annual ryegrass seed was present (P<0.01) in the faeces of both sheep and cattle within 24 h of first ingestion. Some 10.8 and 32.8% of seed ingested was excreted by sheep and cattle respectively, with 3.9% (sheep) and 11.9% (cattle) remaining germinable. Annual ryegrass seed continued to be excreted by both sheep and cattle up to 5 days after removal from the diet. Dry matter digestibility of the annual ryegrass diet was 53% in cattle.

scholarly journals Cross-Resistance to Herbicides in Annual Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum)

1990 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 1180-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Matthews ◽  
Joseph A. M. Holtum ◽  
David R. Liljegren ◽  
Barbara Furness ◽  
Stephen B. Powles
Keyword(s):  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides

Temperature/light interactions and the effect of seed source on germination of annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) seeds

1976 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Gramshaw
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Day Length ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Alternating Temperature ◽  
Germinating Seeds ◽  
Temperature Optima

Germination of Lolium rigidum seeds, in the light (12 hr day length) and in the dark, was studied at constant and alternating (12/12 hr) temperatures in the range 8–35°C. Seeds had after-ripened for 22 weeks. Different constant temperature optima for germinability were found: 27° in light and 11° in dark. Germinability at alternating temperatures in darkness was determined solely by the minimum temperature of the alternation, and there was no response to thermoperiodicity per se. In contrast, light and alternating temperature appeared to interact to increase germinability, although the highest germinability occurred only when the maximum temperature was close to the optimum constant temperature, i.e. about 27°. Germination in both light and dark was most rapid where either the constant or the average temperature of an alternating regime was between 18 and 29°. Below 18° germination rates decreased markedly, and at 8°, rates were one-third of those at 18°. Seeds germinated more slowly in light than in darkness at all temperatures, but the differences were small relative to the effects of low temperatures.In another study, seeds collected from plants naturalized in eight different localities in the cereal belt of Western Australia and subsequently planted together in two contrasting environments were examined for germinability at 24/12°C in light and dark 18 weeks after harvest. Dark germinability differed between seed sources but not between planting sites, and ranged between 78 and 93%. Exposure of germinating seeds to light substantially alleviated dormancy in seeds from all sources.

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