Development of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass populations (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) in the cropping belt of Western Australia

1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
GS Gill
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
The Relationship

Annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) samples from the cropping belt of Western Australia were screened for herbicide resistance in 1992 and 1993. There was a strong relationship between the number of applications of a herbicide group and development of resistance in ryegrass populations. Resistance was detected in all populations that received >7 applications of aryloxyphenoxypropionate (AOPP) and cyclohexanedione (CHD) herbicides or >4 applications of sulfonylurea (SU) herbicides. Some AOPP-resistant populations had also developed crossresistance to SU herbicides, a group with a different mode of action. Inclusion of pasture in the rotation had little effect on the relationship between the number of applications of the AOPP and SU herbicides and development of resistance. A subset of 33 populations was chosen to determine the response of triasulfuron-resistant populations to sulfometuron, a nonselective SU herbicide which has been shown to be effective against metabolic-type resistance. All triasulfuron-resistant populations were found to be resistant to sulfometuron, possibly due to insensitive acetolactate synthase (ALS) in these ryegrass populations. Some of these SU-resistant populations were also resistant to the imidazolinone herbicide imazethapyr, another ALS inhibitor. However, there were several populations with a high level of SU resistance that were still susceptible to imazethapyr.

Investigating the resistance levels and mechanisms to penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) from Ningxia province, China

Weed Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Xia Yang ◽  
Zichang Zhang ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
Weiguo Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Susceptible Populations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
Encoding Genes

Abstract Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is a noxious grass weed which infests rice fields and causes huge crop yield losses. In this study, we collected twelve E. crus-galli populations from rice fields of Ningxia province in China and investigated the resistance levels to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor penoxsulam and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor cyhalofop-butyl. The results showed that eight populations exhibited resistance to penoxsulam and four populations evolved resistance to cyhalofop-butyl. Moreover, all of the four cyhalofop-butyl-resistant populations (NX3, NX4, NX6 and NX7) displayed multiple-herbicide-resistance (MHR) to both penoxsulam and cyhalofop-butyl. The alternative herbicides bispyribac-sodium, metamifop and fenoxaprop-P-ethyl cannot effectively control the MHR plants. To characterize the molecular mechanisms of resistance, we amplified and sequenced the target-site encoding genes in resistant and susceptible populations. Partial sequences of three ALS genes and six ACCase genes were examined. A Trp-574-Leu mutation was detected in EcALS1 and EcALS3 in two high-level (65.84- and 59.30-fold) penoxsulam-resistant populations NX2 and NX10, respectively. In addition, one copy (EcACC4) of ACCase genes encodes a truncated aberrant protein due to a frameshift mutation in E. crus-galli populations. None of amino acid substitutions that are known to confer herbicide resistance were detected in ALS and ACCase genes of MHR populations. Our study reveals the widespread of multiple-herbicide resistant E. crus-galli populations at Ningxia province of China that exhibit resistance to several ALS and ACCase inhibitors. Non-target-site based mechanisms are likely to be involved in E. crus-galli resistance to the herbicides, at least in four MHR populations.

scholarly journals Cropping practices influence incidence of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Broster ◽  
J. E. Pratley ◽  
R. H. L. Ip ◽  
L. Ang ◽  
K. P. Seng
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Farming Practices ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Australian Bureau Of Statistics

Herbicide resistance is a common occurrence in southern Australia. The evolution of herbicide resistance is influenced by the selection pressure placed on the weed species controlled by that herbicide. Results from resistance screening of ~4500 annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.) samples were entered in a GIS database, together with several agricultural parameters used in the Australian Bureau of Statistics Agricultural Surveys. This allowed a study of the associations between mode of action of resistance, geographic distribution of resistance across southern Australia, and farming practices employed in particular regions. Cultivation was negatively associated with resistances in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting cyclohexanedione and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. Higher proportions of wheat sown were associated with higher incidences of resistance. ACCase-inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropionate and cyclohexanedione and ALS-inhibiting resistances were higher in those shires where soils were predominantly acidic. This study demonstrates the association between farm practice and the evolution of herbicide resistance. The analysis provides reinforcement to the principle of rotating chemical modes of action with non-chemical weed control measures to minimise the risk of herbicide resistance evolution in any farming system.

A quarter of a century of monitoring herbicide resistance in Lolium rigidum in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 283 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Broster ◽  
J. E. Pratley ◽  
R. H. L. Ip ◽  
L. Ang ◽  
K. P. Seng
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Lolium Rigidum ◽  
Epsp Synthase ◽  
Testing Service ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Incidence ◽  
Random Survey

Charles Sturt University has operated a commercial herbicide resistance testing service since 1991, following a random survey of the South West Slopes region of New South Wales that identified significant incidence of herbicide resistance in annual ryegrass (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). Other surveys of cropping regions of southern Australia conducted at that time also found a significant incidence of resistance. In the subsequent 25-year period, the testing service has received samples from the majority of the southern Australian cropping belt. Overall, 80% of samples tested were resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibiting aryloxyphenoxypropionate and phenylpyrazole herbicides, 56% to acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibiting herbicides, and 24% to ACCase-inhibiting cyclohexanedione herbicides. The incidences of resistance to inhibitors of photosynthesis at PSII, tubulin-formation inhibitors, and 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase inhibiting herbicides have remained <10% of samples tested. The relationships between many herbicide groups and subgroups are discussed, as is the variability in resistance incidence and the forms of cross or multiple resistance for each state. This paper builds on an earlier publication of 14 years of testing history. At >5000 samples, the size and geographical spread of this dataset allows for valuable analyses of the relationships present in herbicide-resistant populations of annual ryegrass.

scholarly journals PENGARUH APLIKASI SISTEM INFORMASI SIGILIB TERHADAP PENINGKATAN KINERJA PUSTAKAWAN DI PERPUSTAKAAN ISI SURAKARTA

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustofa Mustofa
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
System Application ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
System Variable ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Scale Range ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Level 2

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of the influence of the application of the information system "SIGILIB" on the improvement of librarian performance at the UPT Library of ISI Surakarta. This research is descriptive quantitative in nature with research subjects are all librarians of the ISI Surakarta library, totaling 12 people. The object of this research is the SIGILIB Information System Application. Based on the results of data analysis from research that: 1) the main average of the SIGILIB Information System Application variable is 3,818. This value is on a scale range of 3.40 - 4.20 which indicates that it is at a high level. 2) The Grand Mean of the Performance variable carried out by the librarian is 4.175. This value is in the scale range from 3.40 to 4.20 which indicates that the performance of librarians at the ISI Surakarta library is at a high level. Relationship between SIGILIB Information System and Librarian Performance has a very strong relationship, the nature of the relationship between SIGILIB Information System and Librarian Performance. Because the value found the influence of the SIGILIB Information System on Librarian Performance is 0.898, the value is between 0.80 - 1,000. The data processing results show that the SIGILIB Information System variable t-count is greater than the t-table (6,456> 2,228) with a probability (0,000) less than the significant level of 0.05, thus Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, meaning that there is a significant effect. between the SIGILIB Information System veriabel on the performance of librarians at the Indonesian Institute of the Arts, Surakarta.

scholarly journals PENGARUH BRAND POSITIONING PUSPA IPTEK SUNDIAL TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG DI KOTA BARU PARAHYANGAN (Survei Pada Wisatawan Nusantara yang Berkunjung ke Puspa Iptek Sundial)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 877
Author(s):  
Hibban Atthauri ◽  
Ridwan Purnama
Keyword(s):  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Brand Positioning ◽  
Need For Care ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Tourism industries in Indonesia has developed very advanced, this is due to the increasing number of tourists both foreign tourists and domestic tourists. The development of the need for care and maintenance as well as improvement in various sectors, especially regarding the facility and to provide easy of accommodation for tourists visiting. Puspa Iptek Sundial is one of the tourist attraction located in the area Kota Baru Parahyangan West Bandung regency, it is easy to access and make it as a choice of tourist attraction to visit. The implementation of Brand Positioning in this study measured by the knowledge of respondents to Attributes, Benefits and Beliefs and Value. Respondents also being questioned on their perception about visiting decision to the Puspa Iptek Sundial. The results of this study indicate that the Brand positioning influence on decision to visit. This can be seen from the significantly high level of correlation and also the result shows the relationship between Brand Positioning and against visiting decision is in a strong relationship.

Conceptualising the Indicators of Walkability for Sustainable Transportation

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farzaneh Moayedi ◽  
Rozana Zakaria ◽  
Yeoh Bigah ◽  
Mushairry Mustafar ◽  
Othman Che Puan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Transportation System ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Relationship

Walkability is becoming a popular buzzword in planning cities that suffers high level of pollution due to, amongst others, emission from automobiles are embracing walkability in order to reap its benefits. In addition to that, walkability is the measure of how satisfactorily the transportation system meets the need of walking of the community. Several studies around the world have put great efforts to highlight the importance of walkability in urban as it is an important measure in determining a better environment. There is a strong relationship between walkability, sustainable transportation and the environment. In addition to that, walkability is a concept that is consistent with sustainable development and transportation system due to its economic, social and environmental benefits. Walkability satisfaction rating within a localized neighborhood can be measured at the macro level with the aid of GIS at the initial development stages. The methods and techniques used are varying and no single walkability assessment tool can be designed to suit different environmental conditions. Different groups of societies for whom the theoretical and practical perception of cities development vary, or different types of neighborhoods with different needs would warrant different approaches. Therefore, this paper examines the methods, techniques and indicators that have been used to measure walkability and highlights the important benefits of improving walkability in the built environment. Moreover it also describes the relationship between walkability, sustainable transportation and environment.

scholarly journals The occurrence of herbicide-resistant Avena fatua (wild oats) populations to ACCase-inhibiting herbicides in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Byrne ◽  
A.V. Vijaya Bhaskar ◽  
J. Spink ◽  
R. Freckleton ◽  
P. Neve ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Following growers’ reports of herbicide control problems, populations of 30 wild oats, Avena fatua, were collected from the south-east main arable counties of Ireland in 2016 and investigated for the occurrence and potential for herbicide resistance to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors pinoxaden, propaquizafop and cycloxydim, as well as acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor mesosulfuron + iodosulfuron. Plant survival ≥20% was considered as the discriminating threshold between resistant and susceptible populations, when plants were treated with full recommended field rates of ACCase/ALS inhibitors. Glasshouse sensitivity screens revealed 2 out of 30 populations were cross-resistant to all three ACCase inhibitors. While three populations were cross-resistant to both pinoxaden and propaquizafop, and additionally, two populations were resistant to propaquizafop only. Different degree of resistance and cross-resistance between resistant populations suggest the involvement of either different point mutations or more than one resistance mechanism. Nevertheless, all populations including the seven ACCase-resistant populations were equally susceptible to ALS inhibitor. An integrated weed management (cultural/non-chemical control tactics and judicious use of herbicides) approach is strongly recommended to minimize the risk of herbicide resistance evolution.

Multiple herbicide resistance in California Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum): characterization of ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parsa Tehranchian ◽  
Vijay K. Nandula ◽  
Maor Matzrafi ◽  
Marie Jasieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Italian Ryegrass ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor

AbstractMultiple resistance to glyphosate, sethoxydim, and paraquat was previously confirmed in two Italian ryegrass [Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot] populations, MR1 and MR2, in northern California. Preliminary greenhouse studies revealed that both populations were also resistant to imazamox and mesosulfuron, both of which are acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides. In this study, three subpopulations, MR1-A (from seed of MR1 plants that survived a 16X rate of sethoxydim), MR1-P (from seed of MR1 plants that survived a 2X rate of paraquat), and MR2 (from seed of MR2 plants that survived a 16X rate of sethoxydim), were investigated to determine the resistance level to imazamox and mesosulfuron, evaluate other herbicide options for the control of these multiple resistant L. perenne ssp. multiflorum, and characterize the underlying ALS-inhibitor resistance mechanism(s). Based on LD50 values, the MR1-A, MR1-P, and MR2 subpopulations were 38-, 29-, 8-fold and 36-, 64-, and 3-fold less sensitive to imazamox and mesosulfuron, respectively, relative to the susceptible (Sus) population. Only MR1-P and MR2 plants were cross-resistant to rimsulfuron, whereas both MR1 subpopulations were cross-resistant to imazethapyr. Pinoxaden (ACCase inhibitor [phenylpyrazoline 'DEN']) only controlled MR2 and Sus plants at the labeled field rate. However, all plants were effectively controlled (>99%) with the labeled field rate of glufosinate. Based on I50 values, MR1-A, MR-P, and MR2 plants were 712-, 1,104-, and 3-fold and 10-, 18-, and 5-fold less responsive to mesosulfuron and imazamox, respectively, than the Sus plants. Sequence alignment of the ALS gene of resistant plants revealed a missense single-nucleotide polymorphism resulting in a Trp-574-Leu substitution in MR1-A and MR1-P plants, heterozygous in both, but not in the MR2 plants. An additional homozygous substitution, Asp-376-Glu, was identified in the MR1-A plants. Addition of malathion or piperonyl butoxide did not alter the efficacy of mesosulfuron on MR2 plants. In addition, the presence of 2,4-D had no effect on the response of mesosulfuron on the MR2 and Sus. These results suggest an altered target site is the mechanism of resistance to ALS inhibitors in MR1-A and MR1-P plants, whereas a non–target site based resistance apparatus is present in the MR2 plants.

Acetolactate synthase inhibitor-resistant stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in Alberta

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 965-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Beckie ◽  
L. M. Hall ◽  
F. J. Tardif ◽  
G. Séguin-Swartz
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Target Site ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Site Mutation ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor ◽  
Als Inhibitor

Two stinkweed populations from southern and central Alberta were not controlled by acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in 2000. This study reports on their cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides, molecular basis of resistance, and inheritance of resistance. Both putative herbicide-resistant biotypes responded similarly to increasing doses of the herbicides. The biotypes were highly resistant to ethametsulfuron and exhibited a low level of resistance to metsulfuron and imazethapyr. However, both biotypes were not resistant to florasulam, a triazolopyrimidine ALS inhibitor, or sulfometuron, a non-selective sulfonylurea ALS inhibitor. The cross-resistance pattern was consistent with the confirmed target-site mutation. Sequence analysis of the ALS gene detected a Pro197Leu mutation in both biotypes. Similar to many other ALS inhibitor-resistant weed biotypes, resistance was conferred by a single dominant gene. This study confirms the first global occurrence of herbicide resistance in this species. Key words: ALS-inhibitor resistance, ALS sequence, herbicide resistance, target-site mutation

Selecting for Weed Resistance: Herbicide Rotation and Mixture

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Xavier Reboud
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Rotation Frequency ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Resistance Evolution ◽  
Mixture Treatment ◽  
Field Pennycress ◽  
Inhibitor Resistance ◽  
Als Inhibitor ◽  
The Impact

Herbicide rotations and mixtures are widely recommended to manage herbicide resistance. However, little research has quantified how these practices actually affect the selection of herbicide resistance in weeds. A 4-yr experiment was conducted in western Canada from 2004 to 2007 to examine the impact of herbicide rotation and mixture in selecting for acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitor resistance in the annual broadleaf weed, field pennycress, co-occurring in wheat. Treatments consisted of the ALS-inhibitor herbicide, ethametsulfuron, applied in a mixture with bromoxynil/MCPA formulated herbicide (photosystem-II inhibitor/synthetic auxin), or in rotation with the non-ALS inhibitor at an ALS-inhibitor application frequency of 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% (i.e., zero to four applications, respectively) over the 4-yr period. The field pennycress seed bank at the start of the experiment contained 5% ethametsulfuron-resistant seed. Although weed control was only marginally reduced, resistance frequency of progeny of survivors increased markedly after one ALS-inhibitor application. At the end of the experiment, the level of resistance in the seed bank was buffered by susceptible seed, increasing from 29% of recruited seedlings after one application to 85% after four applications of the ALS inhibitor. The level of resistance in the seed bank for the mixture treatment after 4 yr remained similar to that of the nontreated (weedy) control or 0% ALS-inhibitor rotation frequency treatment. The results of this study demonstrate how rapidly ALS-inhibitor resistance can evolve as a consequence of repeated application of herbicides with this site of action, and supports epidemiological information from farmer questionnaire surveys and modeling simulations that mixtures are more effective than rotations in mitigating resistance evolution through herbicide selection.

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