Post head-emergence frost resistance of barley genotypes in the northern grain region of Australia

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (9) ◽  
pp. 736 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Frederiks ◽  
J. T. Christopher ◽  
S. E. H. Fletcher ◽  
A. K. Borrell
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Barley Genotypes ◽  
Control Genotype

Post head-emergence frost causes substantial losses for Australian barley producers. Varieties with improved resistance would have a significant positive impact on Australian cropping enterprises. Five barley genotypes previously tested for reproductive frost resistance in southern Australia were tested, post head-emergence, in the northern grain region of Australia and compared with the typical northern control cultivars, Gilbert and Kaputar. All tested genotypes suffered severe damage to whole heads and stems at plant minimum temperatures less than −8°C. In 2003, 2004 and 2005, frost events reaching a plant minimum temperature of ~−6.5°C did not result in the complete loss of grain yield. Rather, partial seed set was observed. The control genotype, Gilbert, exhibited seed set that was greater than or equal to that of any genotype in each year, as did Kaputar when tested in 2005. Thus, Gilbert and Kaputar were at least as resistant as any tested genotype. This contrasts with trial results from the southern grain region where Gilbert was reported to be less resistant than Franklin, Amagi Nijo and Haruna Nijo. Hence, rankings for post head-emergence frost damage in the northern grain region differ from those previously reported. These results indicate that Franklin, Amagi Nijo and Haruna Nijo are not likely to provide useful sources of frost resistance or markers to develop improved varieties for the northern grain region of Australia.

scholarly journals Genotype X Environment Interaction of Food Barley

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Gebremedhin Welu
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genotype X Environment Interaction ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Genotype X Environment ◽  
Genotype Effect ◽  
Environment Effects ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Barley Genotypes

The objective of this experiment was to estimate the magnitude of genotype X environment interaction on grain yield and yield related traits. Twelve varieties of food barley were included in the study planted in randomized complete block design with three replications. The ANOVA of combined and individual location revealed significant differences among the food barley genotypes for grain yield and other traits. The results of ANOVA for grain yield showed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences among genotypes evaluated for grain yield at Maychew and significant (p≤0.05) differences in Korem, Alage and Mugulat. The ANOVA over locations showed a highly significant (p≤0.01) variation for the genotype effect, environment effects, genotype X environment interaction (GEI) effect and significant (p≤0.05) variation for GEI effect of yield and for most of the yield related traits of food barley genotypes. Haftysene, Yidogit, Estayish and Basso were the genotypes with relatively high mean grain yield across all locations and they are highly performing genotypes to the area. Among locations, the highest mean grain yield was recorded at Korem and it was a suited environment to all the genotypes whereas Mugulat is unfavoured one. ECOPRINT 21: 41-48, 2014DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/eco.v21i0.11903

Effect of Saturation Degree on Concrete Deterioration due to Freeze-Thaw Action

2011 ◽  
Vol 477 ◽  
pp. 404-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Cui Yang ◽  
Yong Ge ◽  
Bao Sheng Zhang ◽  
Jie Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
High Water ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
Saturation Degree ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Air Content ◽  
The Difference

Freezing-thawing durability of cement concrete is extremely important in cold weather, to better understand mechanism of frost damage and air-entraining，saturation degree of pores in concrete and its relation with frost resistance were studied in this paper. Concrete specimens with different saturation degree from 0 to 100% were prepared used a sealed tin with a high water pressure pump. Then these specimens were subjected to six freezing-thawing cycles and the relative dynamic modulus of elasticity was examined. The results showed that critical saturation degree of concrete with water- binder ratio of 0.30 and 0.47, air content of 1%, 4% and 6% were from 0.60 to 0.80. When its saturation degree exceeded the critical value, concrete was deteriorated significantly after only six freeze-thaw cycles. The critical saturation degree was mainly related to the air content of concrete mixture, and it decreased with the increasing of air content. The difference between the saturation degree and the critical value can be used to evaluate potential frost resistance of concrete, and its result was consistent with the result of frost tests very well.

scholarly journals Correlations and path analysis for quantitative characteristics in semi-prostrate cowpea bean genotypes (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Hermes Araméndiz-Tatis ◽  
Miguel Espitia-Camacho ◽  
Carlos Cardona-Ayala
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Direct

The cowpea is the most important legume in the Colombian Caribbean, due to its positive impact on the food and nutritional security of low-income rural families. It is cultivated by small producers, but its yields per hectare do not exceed 600 kg, due to the use of obsolete cultivars. The objective of the research was to estimate the correlations between seven quantitative characters and the path analysis between grain yield and six quantitative characters, with the results of the evaluation of 10 genotypes of semi-prostrate growth habit, high grain yield, grown in eight environments of the humid and dry tropics of the Colombian Caribbean region, under the randomized complete blocks design, with four repetitions. Significant differences between environments, genotypes and genotype x environment interaction were detected. Genotypic correlations were of greater magnitude than phenotypic, highlighting the correlation between grain width (GW) and grain yield (GY), rP = 0.69 *, rG = 0.78 *, also between the weight of 100 seeds (100SW) and GW, rP = 0.97 **, rG = 0.99 **. The characters GW and number of pods per plant (NPP) had positive direct effects on the GY, with an indirect negative effect of NPP by way of GW, while the height of the first pod (HFP), the number of seeds per pod (NSP) and the 100SW directly and negatively influenced the GY of the 10 semi-prostrate cowpea cultivars.

scholarly journals 512 Comparison of Freezing Protectant Sprays Applied to Avocado Trees

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 483B-483
Author(s):  
Robert J. McNeil ◽  
David O. Medders ◽  
Ramiro Guzman
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Protected Area ◽  
Leaf Damage ◽  
Freezing Damage ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Mature Leaves ◽  
Hass Avocado ◽  
Water Treatments ◽  
Damage Categories ◽  
Water Treated Control

Six freezing protectant products were sprayed at label rates on 1-year-old `Hass' avocado trees. Control trees were sprayed with water. Treatments were applied three times at monthly intervals, 20 Dec., 20 Jan., and 20 Feb. The products tested were Copper Count-N, Champ, Frostguard, Frost Shield, Anti Stress 550, and Insulate. Two separate orchard areas were treated, one with additional freezing protection by a wind machine and the other with no wind machine. Freezing temperatures and subsequent leaf damage occurred on 4 Jan., which was 2 weeks after the first treatment. The wind machine protected area experienced 2 h at or below 30 °F, with a minimum temperature of 29 °F, while the area without a wind machine experienced 5.5 h at or below 30 °F with a minimum temperature of 27.9 °F. One hundred mature leaves per tree were rated as to any freezing damage, slight damage (1% to 33%), moderate damage (33% to 66%), or severe damage (66% to 100%). All six freezing protectant products consistently reduced the percentage of leaves with freezing damage below that of the water-treated control trees, except in one instance, for all four categories of leaf freezing damage evaluated in both orchard areas—that with and that without a wind machine. Damage was reduced by approximately half for some of the treatments as compared to control trees. Data for some or all freezing protectant products was statistically different (less) than the control in two freezing damage categories (slight and moderate) in the area without a wind machine, however, data was not statistically different between freezing protectant products.

scholarly journals Community Based Tourism Tantangan Dusun Nglepen dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-55
Author(s):  
Dhimas Setyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Community Participation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Village Community ◽  
Earthquake Resistant ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Village ◽  
Tourism Community

ABSTRAK Masyarakat Dusun Nglepen pada awalnya adalah masyarakat pedesaan yang mayoritas menggantungkan mata pencaharian sebagai petani. Setelah bencana gempa bumi 5,9 skala richter yang menimbulkan kerusakan parah pada Sabtu 27 Mei 2006, Dusun Nglepen direlokasi ke wilayah lain, dibangun dengan bangunan rumah tahan gempa berbentuk kubah (dome). Keunikan desain rumah dome justru menjadi daya tarik desa wisata yang sangat diminati. Disisi lain, peralihan sosio-kultural masyarakat Dusun Nglepen menjadi masyarakat pariwisata sangat menarik untuk diamati. Artikel ini menyajikan gambaran tantangan dalam pengembangan Community Based Tourism Dusun Nglepen yang dikaji berdasarkan teori partisipasi masyarakat melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi partisipasi warga, maka semakin tinggi dampaknya tehadap masyarakat. Dampak yang ditemukan cenderung bernilai positif bagi masyarkat baik secara ekonomi maupun sosial budaya. Selanjutnya dampak positif yang dirasakan masyarakat cenderung mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi dalam pengembangan pariwisata. Kata kunci : Community-Based Tourism, Desa Wisata, Partisipasi Masyarakat ABSTRACT In the beginning, the community of the village dwellers that worked as a farmer. After the disastrous earthquake of a 5.9 magnitude earthquake that caused severe damage on Saturday, May 27, 2006, the village relocated to other areas, houses constructed with earthquake resistant with the shape of a dome (dome). The uniqueness of the design of the House, thus becoming an attraction. On the other hand, the transition of social-cultural into tourism community is very interesting to observe. This article presents an overview of the challenges in the development of community-based tourism, based on the theory of community participation through a descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the higher the participation of citizens, then the higher the impact on the community. The impact positive for society, both economically, socially and culturally. In addition, the positive impact affected the level of community participation in tourism development. Key words : Community-Based Tourism, Tourism Village, Community Participation

scholarly journals On the frost resistance of red clover with special attention to seed production

1966 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-48
Author(s):  
Arvi Valmari ◽  
Irja Valmari
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Complete Loss ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Spring Cereals ◽  
Clover Seed

The frost-resistance of Finnish red clover has been studied by means of experiments in a cold cabinet and on the basis of samples taken from the field. In the cold cabinet experiments the frost injury of the clover plant’s vegetative parts has reached considerable magnitude when the temperature was about 4° C. Also the unripe heads which did not die immediately could suffer so that the development of the seed stopped. Definitive death of the plants began to occur in the treatment at 5° C, though only when the soil was frozen. The plants recovered after treatment at 10° C if the soil was not frozen. In the field little frost injury of the vegetative parts occurred even with a frost of 6 to 7° C, but the unripe seeds suffered injury in that case. The germination percentage is distinctly dependent on the seed size in absence of frost. The stage of development at which more than 70 % of the corollae are light brown constituted an intermediate phase where the variation in germinative ability was great and covered, when the samples subjected to slight natural frost (–6.6° C) were taken into account, practically the entire per cent range (0—99 %). After the corollae of the heads had turned dark brown, at which time the seed had reached full weight, the seed suffered no injury from –6 to –7° C frost, and even more severe frosts could at the most cause a very slight lowering of germination percentage. Frost seems to injure the seed mainly by stopping the development of the unripe seeds. No lowering of germination from the level corresponding to the seed size has been observed in all cases nor was there any complete loss of germinative ability such as occurs with cereals. The commercial value of frost-injured red clover seed can be considerably increased by sorting. The number of hard seeds is highest in large, early harvested seed. Frost evidently causes »softening» of germinative seeds. The risk implied by frost is less in clover seed cultivation than in the cultivation of spring cereals and potatoes.

Effect of pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs, PGRs and Nutrients on Growth, Yield and Economics of Irrigated Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ajaykumar ◽  
S. Selvakumar ◽  
K. Harishankar ◽  
K. Sivasabari
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Vigna Mungo ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Randomized Block Design

Background: Blackgram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper] is one of the most important cultivated legume crops with high nutritive value and agricultural importance. The productivity of blackgram is not adequate to meet the domestic demand of the growing Indian population. Consequently, there is an urgent need for enhancement of productivity through proper agronomic practices. With this background, a research experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field at Pudhupalayam, Coimbatore to investigate the effect of foliar application of PPFM, plant growth regulating compounds and nutrients on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of irrigated blackgram. Methods: A field experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications during 2019 (kharif and rabi) season. The treatments include 100% recommended dose of NPK along with foliar application of diammonium phosphate (DAP), brassinolide (Br), salicylic acid (SA) and pink pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFM) with different concentration (1%, 2%, 1 ppm, 2 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, respectively) in addition to control. PPFM and PGRs were sprayed at 30 and 45 days after the sowing of blackgram. Result: The experiment results of the two seasons study revealed that the application of 100% RDF + PPFM @ 2% recorded higher growth characters viz., plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, leaf area index and yield attributes viz., number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1, pod weight (g), pod height (cm), 100 seed weight (g) and yield viz., grain yield (kg/ha), straw yield (kg/ha) and harvest index (%). As well as the same treatment recorded higher net return and B:C ratio. Correlation and regression analysis also indicated that the yield attributes had a positive impact on the grain yield with a magnitude of 1.91 and 1.67, respectively. Therefore, application of 100% RDF+2% PPFM spray can be recommended as the best technology to improve the yield and economics of blackgram.

scholarly journals The effect of replacing sand with aggregate from sanitary ceramic waste on the durability of stucco mortars

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1929-1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Klimek ◽  
Jacek Szulej ◽  
Paweł Ogrodnik
Keyword(s):  
Construction Industry ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Ceramic Waste ◽  
The Impact

Abstract During processing and transport, the ceramic industry generates big amounts of waste. In order to limit the number of landfills and to minimise consequences of such waste that is clearly noxious for the environment, this industry remains under great pressure to find effective recycling methods for its waste and by-products. What is more, given the limited resources of traditional aggregate, energy savings and protection of the environment, the construction industry is seeking for new sources of aggregate. For this reason, ceramic waste is increasingly frequently used as coarse and fine aggregate, both in mortars and in concrete mixtures. The goal of studies presented in the paper was to analyse the impact of recycled ceramic aggregate on the frost and salt spray resistance of stucco mortar used in the construction industry. Mortar recipes also contained admixtures that modify properties of the mixture and of the hardened product, such as copolymer of vinyl acetate and methylcellulose with a hydrophobic admixture. Elementary testing was performed related to mechanical and physical parameters of mortars. Among others tests were carried out of compressive strength and flexural strength, a determination was made of density, open and total porosity, absorbability, resistance to salt spray corrosion and frost resistance after 25 freeze–thaw cycles of samples. Replacement of sand by recycled ceramic aggregate causes a change in physical parameters of mortars. It has a positive impact on strength parameters of mortars with concurrent reduction in absorbability and capillary action. Testing of mortar with the addition of ceramic aggregate has proved better frost resistance and resistance to salt crystallisation as compared to mortar to which sand had been added. Graphic abstract

Variation in maturity, stolon development and frost resistance of Glycine javanica

1966 ◽  
Vol 6 (23) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
HJ Kiers
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Flowering Period ◽  
Early Variety ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Discontinuous Variation ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Maturity Type ◽  
Stolon Development

Introductions of G. javanica showed wide variation in flowering time, seed set, seed yield, stolon development, and frost resistance at Lawes in south-eastern Queensland. The discontinuous variation in flowering time of 50 introductions over 103 days at Lawes has enabled very early, early, midseason, and late maturity types to be defined. These maturity classes hold equally well when applied at 'Lansdown' in north Queensland. With the exception of C.P.I. 25336, only very early and early introductions set seed in large areas of south-eastern Queensland where frosts are experienced in June and July. C.P.I. 25336, an early variety with an extended flowering period, did not set seed before the first heavy frost on June 24, 1961. The association of maturity type, stolon development, and frost resistance with the country of origin of the introductions is mentioned and the significance of these characters in adapting G. javanica to Australian conditions is discussed.

Some effects of heat waves on grain sorghum at the stage of head emergence

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (41) ◽  
pp. 636 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Pasternak ◽  
GL Wilson
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Dry Heat ◽  
Heat Application

Sorghum plants were exposed at head emergence to simulated heat waves for five days, and subsequent grain production observed. Comparisons were made between relatively dry heat (108�F, 41 per cent RH by day and 90�F, 53 per cent RH by night), more humid hot conditions (107�F, 70 per cent RH-90�F, 70 per cent RH), and ambient (81�F, 64 per cent RH-71�F, 85 per cent RH). Whole inflorescences or portions that had emerged before heat application were little affected, whereas most enclosed flowers were killed. High temperature was responsible, humidity having little effect. Grain yield depended on the resulting number of grains. There was some loss of pollen viability in the dry heat treatments, but not sufficient to affect seed set.

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