Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 3. Responses with different cultivars

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Garside ◽  
M. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Stalk Weight ◽  
Controlled Traffic

The promotion of controlled traffic (matching wheel and row spacing) in the Australian sugar industry is necessitating a widening of row spacing beyond the standard 1.5 m. As all cultivars grown in the Australian industry have been selected under the standard row spacing there are concerns that at least some cultivars may not be suitable for wider rows. To address this issue, experiments were established in northern and southern Queensland in which cultivars, with different growth characteristics, recommended for each region, were grown under a range of different row configurations. In the northern Queensland experiment at Gordonvale, cultivars Q187, Q200, Q201, and Q218 were grown in 1.5-m single rows, 1.8-m single rows, 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), and 2.3-m dual rows (80 cm between duals). In the southern Queensland experiment at Farnsfield, cvv. Q138, Q205, Q222 and Q188 were also grown in 1.5-m single rows, 1.8-m single rows, 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), while 1.8-m-wide throat planted single row and 2.0-m dual row (80 cm between duals) configurations were also included. There was no difference in yield between the different row configurations at Farnsfield but there was a significant row configuration × cultivar interaction at Gordonvale due to good yields in 1.8-m single and dual rows with Q201 and poor yields with Q200 at the same row spacings. There was no significant difference between the two cultivars in 1.5-m single and 2.3-m dual rows. The experiments once again demonstrated the compensatory capacity that exists in sugarcane to manipulate stalk number and individual stalk weight as a means of producing similar yields across a range of row configurations and planting densities. There was evidence of different growth patterns between cultivars in response to different row configurations (viz. propensity to tiller, susceptibility to lodging, ability to compensate between stalk number and stalk weight), suggesting that there may be genetic differences in response to row configuration. It is argued that there is a need to evaluate potential cultivars under a wider range of row configurations than the standard 1.5-m single rows. Cultivars that perform well in row configurations ranging from 1.8 to 2.0 m are essential if the adverse effects of soil compaction are to be managed through the adoption of controlled traffic.

Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 2. Strategies for the adoption of controlled traffic

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 544 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Garside ◽  
M. J. Bell ◽  
B. G. Robotham
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Sugar Industry ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Industry Standard ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Controlled Traffic

Controlled traffic (matching wheel and row spacing) is being promoted as a means to manage soil compaction in the Australian sugar industry. However, machinery limitations dictate that wider row spacings than the standard 1.5-m single row will need to be adopted to incorporate controlled traffic and many growers are reluctant to widen row spacing for fear of yield penalties. To address these concerns, contrasting row configuration and planting density combinations were investigated for their effect on cane and sugar yield in large-scale experiments in the Gordonvale, Tully, Ingham, Mackay, and Bingera (near Bundaberg) sugarcane-growing regions of Queensland, Australia. The results showed that sugarcane possesses a capacity to compensate for different row configurations and planting densities through variation in stalk number and individual stalk weight. Row configurations ranging from 1.5-m single rows (the current industry standard) to 1.8-m dual rows (50 cm between duals), 2.1-m dual (80 cm between duals) and triple (65 cm between triples) rows, and 2.3-m triple rows (65 cm between triples) produced similar yields. Four rows (50 cm apart) on a 2.1-m configuration (quad rows) produced lower yields largely due to crop lodging, while a 1.8-m single row configuration produced lower yields in the plant crop, probably due to inadequate resource availability (water stress/limited radiation interception). The results suggest that controlled traffic can be adopted in the Australian sugar industry by changing from a 1.5-m single row to 1.8-m dual row configuration without yield penalty. Further, the similar yields obtained with wider row configurations (2 m or greater with multiple rows) in these experiments emphasise the physiological and environmental plasticity that exists in sugarcane. Controlled traffic can be implemented with these wider row configurations (>2 m), although it will be necessary to carry out expensive modifications to the current harvester and haul-out equipment. There were indications from this research that not all cultivars were suited to configurations involving multiple rows. The results suggest that consideration be given to assessing clones with different growth habits under a range of row configurations to find the most suitable plant types for controlled traffic cropping systems.

Row spacing and planting density effects on the growth and yield of sugarcane. 1. Responses in fumigated and non-fumigated soil

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 532 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Garside ◽  
M. J. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Sugar Yield ◽  
High Density ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Subsequent Loss ◽  
Stalk Weight

It has been reported that high-density planting of sugarcane can improve cane and sugar yield through promoting rapid canopy closure and increasing radiation interception earlier in crop growth. It is widely known that the control of adverse soil biota through fumigation (removes soil biological constraints and improves soil health) can improve cane and sugar yield. Whether the responses to high-density planting and improved soil health are additive or interactive has important implications for the sugarcane production system. Field experiments established at Bundaberg and Mackay, Queensland, Australia, involved all combinations of 2-row spacings (0.5 and 1.5 m), two planting densities (27 000 and 81 000 two-eyed setts/ha), and two soil fumigation treatments (fumigated and non-fumigated). The Bundaberg experiment had two cultivars (Q124, Q155), was fully irrigated, and harvested 15 months after planting. The Mackay experiment had one cultivar (Q117), was grown under rainfed conditions, and harvested 10 months after planting. High-density planting (81 000 setts/ha in 0.5-m rows) did not produce any more cane or sugar yield at harvest than low-density planting (27 000 setts/ha in 1.5-m rows) regardless of location, crop duration (15 v. 10 months), water supply (irrigated v. rainfed), or soil health (fumigated v. non-fumigated). Conversely, soil fumigation generally increased cane and sugar yields regardless of site, row spacing, and planting density. In the Bundaberg experiment there was a large fumigation × cultivar × density interaction (P < 0.01). Cultivar Q155 responded positively to higher planting density in non-fumigated soil but not in fumigated soil, while Q124 showed a negative response to higher planting density in non-fumigated soil but no response in fumigated soil. In the Mackay experiment, Q117 showed a non-significant trend of increasing yield in response to increasing planting density in non-fumigated soil, similar to the Q155 response in non-fumigated soil at Bundaberg. The similarity in yield across the range of row spacings and planting densities within experiments was largely due to compensation between stalk number and stalk weight, particularly when fumigation was used to address soil health. Further, the different cultivars (Q124 and Q155 at Bundaberg and Q117 at Mackay) exhibited differing physiological responses to the fumigation, row spacing, and planting density treatments. These included the rate of tiller initiation and subsequent loss, changes in stalk weight, and propensity to lodging. These responses suggest that there may be potential for selecting cultivars suited to different planting configurations.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF NITROGEN RATE ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) IN JALINGO, TARABA STATE, NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
M. M. Tyoakoso ◽  
M. D. Toungos ◽  
M. Babayola
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Bambara Groundnut ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Nitrogen Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Nitrogen Rates ◽  
Number Of Branches

Field experiments was conducted during the 2015 rainy season at Teaching and Research Farm of Department of Crop Science, Taraba State College of Agriculture Jalingo, to investigate the effect of Nitrogen rates on the growth and yield of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranean (L.) Verdc) in Jalingo. The experiments was laid out in split-plot design with three replications and three nitrogen rates, 20kgNha-1, 25kgNha-1 and 30kgNha-1 as main plot treatment while four intra-row spacing, 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and 35cm as the sub plot treatment. The sub plot size was 3m x 2m (6m2). The nitrogen rate doses were applied a week after emergence of the seedlings. Data collected were, percentage seedlings emergence, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, plant height, number of nodules per plant, number of effective nodules per plant, number of non-effective nodules per plant, days to 50% flowering, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per plant, 100 seeds weight, grain yield per plot and grain yield per ha-1. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), means were separated using Least Significant Difference (LSD). The results showed that nitrogen rate applied had no significant influence on growth and yield characters. However, significant influence was recorded of intra-row spacing on number of leaves per plant and number of branches per plant at 6WAS with a mean value of 48.24 and 16.80 respectively. Intra-row spacing, 25cm gave the highest mean number (3.14) of non-effective nodules per plant at 30 DAS while 25cm gave the highest number of days to 50% flowering. The result of the interaction revealed that there were significant interaction between Nitrogen rates and intra-row spacing on the number of leaves at 3 WAS and 6WAS. It is recommended that nitrogen rate of 20kgNha-1 and intra-row spacing of 35cm be adopted for Bambara groundnut in Jalingo.

Soil compaction, root system and productivity of sugarcane under different row spacing and controlled traffic at harvest

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 ◽  
pp. 60-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Alexander Aguilera Esteban ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Cássio Antonio Tormena ◽  
Lenon Henrique Lovera ◽  
Elizeu de Souza Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Controlled Traffic

scholarly journals Corn (Zea mays L.) Response to Hybrid, Row Spacing, and Plant Populations in the Blacklands of Central Texas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 1214-1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Grichar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Plant Populations ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Central Texas ◽  
Ear Height

Field studies were conducted during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons in central Texas near Taylor (30.5326o N; 97.4548o W) to determine the effect of hybrid, row spacing, and plant populations on corn growth and yield.  Two corn hybrids (BH 8844 and BH 8900) were compared at 53,000, 62,000, and 71,000 plants ha-1 planted one row on a single bed or twin rows (spaced approximately 20 cm apart) on a single bed. Plant counts were taken 4 to 6 wk after planting while ear height measurements were taken approximately four wk prior to corn harvest. Crop yield was determined by harvesting all eight rows of each plot with a combine. Weights were adjusted to 12% moisture. Experimental design was a factorial arrangement using a randomized complete block design with corn hybrid (2), row spacing (2), and seeding rates (3) as factors.  Data were analyzed using PROC GLM with SAS (SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC) and treatment means separated by Fisher's protected least significant difference test at P = 0.05.  Plant height was not affected by plant populations or row spacing as only hybrid response was significant with BH 8900 being taller in both years. Row spacing affected ear height in one of two years with the twin row spacing having a taller ear placement in the dryer year. No differences were seen with ear placement with respect to plant populations. In the dry year, yield of BH 8844 decreased as plant populations increased; however, no differences were noted with BH 8900.  In the wet year, the inverse was seen with increased yield with higher populations with both hybrids. The twin row system increased BH 8900 yield in 2013. In 2014, with BH 8844, the single row system outyielded twin row and no differences noted with BH 8900.  The results were quite variable and this was due in part to rainfall events in the two years.  Plant and ear height was influenced by hybrid while yield response was somewhat affected by population and row spacing.  A hybrid x row width response was noted indicating that certain hybrids will respond to row spacing more than others.

INFLUENCE OF INTER-ROW SPACING AND WEED CONTROL METHODS IN GROUNDNUT (Arachis hypogeal (L.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
J. A. ADIGUN ◽  
O. R. ADEYEMI ◽  
S. T. O., LAGOKE ◽  
P. M. OLORUNMAIYE ◽  
O. S. DARAMOLA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Weed Growth ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Main Plot

Weed competition has been identified as one of the major obstacles in crop production. The produc-tion of groundnut is limited by high weed infestation resulting in yield losses ranging from 50 - 80% in Nigeria. Hence, the need to evaluate integrated weed control in its production. Field trials were there-fore conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta (7o 20’ N, 30 23’ E) to evaluate the influence of inter-row spacing and weed control methods on growth and yield of groundnut during the wet seasons in 2009 and 2010. The experiment was a Randomised Complete Design (RCBD) laid out in a split plot with three replications. The main plot treatment con-sisted of three inter-row spacings of 60 cm, 75 cm and 90 cm while the subplots included five weed control treatments of commercial formulation of metolachlor plus promethyne mixture (codal) at 1.0 kg a.i/ha, codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 weeks after sowing (WAS), codal at 2 kg a.i./ha, hoe weeding at 3, 6 and 9 WAS and a weedy check. Inter-row spacings of 60 cm and 75 cm reduced weed growth with consequent higher yields compared to the inter-row spacings of 90 cm in the early season of 2009. Application of codal at 1.0 kg a.i./ha followed by supplementary hoe weeding at 6 WAS combined with 60cm inter-row spacing gave effective weed control and higher groundnut pod yield than hoe-weeded control in both years of experimentation.

scholarly journals Effects of planting density on the growth and forage yield of two varieties of millet (Pennisetum typhoides Burm. F.) grown in Ekpoma, Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony Uhunomwan Omoregie ◽  
Sunday Ebonka Nwajei ◽  
Becky Efebuede Iredia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Density Growth ◽  
Number Of Leaves

A field study was carried out during the 2016 cropping season to determine the effect of planting density on the growth and yield performance of two varieties of millet at Ekpoma. Gero badeggi and Gero bida varieties were sown at three densities (111,111, 222,222 and 333,333 plants ha-1). The experiment was a 2 x 3 factorial scheme laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replicates. The result shows that planting density had no significant effect on the growth parameters measured. However, Gero badeggi planted at 111,111 plants ha-1had the tallest plants, highest number of leaves/plant and stem girth while Gero bida planted at 333,333 plants ha-1 gave the shortest plants, least number of leaves/plant and stem girth, respectively. There was no significant difference in flowering trait amongst densities, but the varieties differed markedly in days to 50% flowering. Increasing planting density significantly (P<0.05) increased the forage yield. However, crops sown at higher densities had higher forage yield than the low density. The differences in observed between varieties were significant in some of the studied characters and thus millet sown at 111,111 and 333,333 plants/ha is recommended for millet production in the area.Keywords: Millet, planting density, growth and forage yield.

scholarly journals GROWTH AND YIELD RESPONSE OF NEWLY RELEASED CASSAVA GENOTYPES AND HYBRID MAIZE TO INTERCROPPING

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 6-21
Author(s):  
Benson Ekwaro ◽  
Boniface Wanaku ◽  
Sylvester Katuromunda
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Hybrid Maize

Cassava/maize intercrops have been reported to be highly productive, mainly because of their different growth patterns. However, there is limited information on the influence of maize planting density in the cassava/maize intercrop on the performance of hybrid maize and improved cassava genotypes in Uganda. Thus, this study determined whether recently released cassava genotypes which are selected on the basis of monocrop performance, would perform equally well when intercropped with hybrid maize varieties. Cassava genotypes NAROCASS 1 and NASE 14 intercropped with Longe 6H maize were evaluated using randomized complete block design and three replications. Treatments were: Sole maize (SM), sole cassava (SC), alternate rows of cassava and maize (1C:1M), and one row of cassava alternating with two rows of maize (1C:2M). Intercropping significantly increased the maize plant heights in the 1C:2M system than in sole maize. Cob length and number of rows per cob decreased as the plant population density increased. Maize grain yield under the 1C:1M system was comparable to that of sole cropping. The 1C:2M system gave significantly reduced grain yields when compared with those at 1C:1M. Cassava root yield decreased in the order (SM>1C:1M>1C:2M). Although the yields of both cassava and maize under sole cropping were higher than their intercrop counterparts, intercropping was more productive than sole cropping as evidenced by the land equivalent ratios.

scholarly journals Effect of variety, seed rate and row spacing on the growth and yield of rice in Bauchi, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 8155-8166
Author(s):  
AA Garba ◽  
◽  
BA Mahmoud ◽  
Y Adamu ◽  
U Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field experiments were conducted at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Fadama Farm Bauchi, during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effects of variety, seeding rate and row spacing on growth and yield of rice. Two varieties of rice; Ex – China (Indigenous and upland/lowland) and NERICA-1 (improved and upland), three seeding rates (32, 54 and 75 kg/ha) and four row spacings (15, 20, 25 and broadcast) were used during the study. The treatments were combined and laid in a split – split plot design with three replications. Variety was placed in the main plot, seeding rate in the sub plot while row spacing was placed in sub –sub plot. Data were collected on parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, spikes per hill, spikelets per spike and number of seeds per spike, seed weight per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 and analyzed using analysis of variance procedure for split – split plot and significant differences among the treatment means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Variety Ex-China produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of tillers per plant and spikes per hill. However, NERICA-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield in kg ha-1 than Ex-China. Row spacings of 15, 20 and 25cm also had significant effects on the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per hill, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 over the control. From the factors studied, seeding rate did not show any significant difference during the two years of investigation. Interactions were also observed among the factors studied. Therefore, row spacings irrespective of the method used, or hole planting of rice could be more appropriate for optimum grain yield.

scholarly journals Suitable Planting Density for Chaiya Rice using Parachute Planting Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-22
Author(s):  
Waranthon RATTANADET ◽  
Suchart CHOENGTHONG
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Head Development ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Planting Method ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of planting density on growth and grain yield of Chaiya rice using parachute planting was examined at Pathum Thani Rice Research Center, from September 2014 to January 2015. The particular objective was to examine the suitable planting density when parachute planting was applied. Five densities of Chaiya rice seedlings were thrown similar to parachuting. Those densities were 22,400, 30,720, 38,400, 48,000 and 56,320 clumps per rai (1 rai = 0.16 ha). Pre-heading growth varied greatly among densities; this variation was partly related to the number of tillers, lower densities having more tillers per clump than higher densities, respectively. The relationship between tiller number and plant height was not similar. The heights of rice at densities of 22,400, 30,720, 38,400, 48,000 clumps per rai were not significantly different within the group but these were significantly different with the planting density of 56,320 clumps per rai. Low densities promote head development as the number of heads per clump was higher than those of high densities in most densities. No significant effect of density on filled-grain and unfilled-grain per head. Seed weight per clump showed significant difference between densities except between those of 38,400 and 48,000 clumps per rai. Grain yield varied among densities. Chaiya rice with 22,400 clumps per rai had the highest yield at 786.38 kg per rai. However, it was not significantly different from yields of rice at densities of 30,720 and 38,400, clumps per rai. However, the grain yield of rice planted at 48,000 and 56,320 clumps per rai was significantly lower than that of 22,400 clumps per rai. It is concluded that there was a consistent effect of plant density on growth and yield of Chaiya rice using parachute planting.

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