Ecological factors affecting distribution and abundance of Medicago minima

Diana E. Fresnillo-Fedorenko; Philip S. Cocks; John W. Bowden

doi:10.1071/cp03123

Ecological factors affecting distribution and abundance of Medicago minima

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp03123 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 62 (7) ◽

pp. 581 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Diana E. Fresnillo-Fedorenko ◽

Philip S. Cocks ◽

John W. Bowden

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Soil Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Pasture Legumes ◽

Ecological Success ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Pasture Legume

A survey was conducted to study the distribution and abundance of Medicago minima in relation to soil factors and rainfall. The collection targeted two regions of Western Australia where this species is known to occur. The frequency and pod density of M. minima and other naturalised annual pasture legumes (Medicago spp. and Trifolium spp.) was recorded per site. In addition, soil samples were taken and analysed for physical and chemical characteristics. Soils where M. minima was present were finer textured, higher in pH, nitrate and potassium, and lower in available phosphorus than soils where it was absent. These soils were commonly found in low rainfall areas. The highest frequency (55%) and density (4000 pods/m2) of M. minima were recorded in areas with 275 mm average annual rainfall. In a third of the collection sites M. minima was the only pasture legume present in the plant community. In the driest areas (260 mm annual rainfall) with the lowest content of available phosphorus (7.5 mg/kg) M. laciniata was associated with M. minima. In areas with 300–325 mm rainfall, M. minima was associated with M. truncatula, M. polymorpha and M. littoralis. The absence of M. minima in areas of Western Australia with >325 mm annual rainfall was related to its low tolerance to soil acidity. This paper examines the ecological success of M. minima with regard to its ability to use phosphorus in soils of high pH and lime content, and to set seed under water stress. It also discusses the distribution of M. minima in Western Australia in relation to its distribution in the Mediterranean Basin and other areas that the species is known to have colonised.

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Effects of Continuous Cropping of Dictyophora on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Microbial Biomass and Enzyme Activity

Journal of Innovation and Social Science Research ◽

10.53469/jissr.2021.08(07).39 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (7) ◽

pp. 214-220

Author(s):

Long Tong ◽

◽

Hongyan Li ◽

Xiaoming Liu ◽

Bin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Enzyme Activity ◽

Ph Value ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Available Phosphorus ◽

Continuous Cropping ◽

Physical And Chemical Properties ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The One ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

The continuous obstacle of Dictyophora indusiata has become the one of the main factors affecting the healthy development of D. indusiata industry. In order to study the effects of continuous cropping of D. indusiata on the soil environment, four treatments were used in this study: no planted (CK), planted for 1 years (1Y), continuous cropping for 2 years (2Y) and continuous cropping for 3 years (3Y), to determined of the yield of D. indusiata, soil physical and chemical properties, microbial content and enzyme activity. The results showed that the yield and soil pH value decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, and the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium, C/N and C/P also increased with the increase of continuous cropping years. Soil availability decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years, the content of alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased by 12.25%, 28.91% and 24.86% at 3Y compared with 1Y, respectively. The biomass of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi and the total amount of microorganism in soil increased at 1Y compared with CK, but with the increase of continuous cropping years, the biomass of bacteria and actinomycetes and the total amount of microorganism decreased significantly, while the biomass of fungi increased significantly; the continuous cropping of D. indusiata also decreased the value of bacteria/fungi in soil. The enzyme activities of the soil were higher than those of the unplanted plots, however, the activities of urease, catalase, peroxidase, sucrase, phosphatase and protease decreased with the increase of continuous cropping years. In a word, with the increase of continuous cropping, the acidity of rhizosphere soil increased, the availability of soil nutrients and the activity of soil enzymes decreased, the biomass of soil microorganisms, bacteria and actinomycetes decreased. However, the increase of fungal biomass led to the decline of soil texture.

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A Review of Ecological Factors Affecting Seed Germination of Species Used in the Reclamation of Western Australia Bauxite Mining

Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation ◽

10.21000/jasmr95010125 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 (1) ◽

pp. 125-135

Author(s):

D. T. Bell

Keyword(s):

Seed Germination ◽

Western Australia ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Bauxite Mining ◽

Factors Affecting

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Breeding and farming system opportunities for pasture legumes facing increasing climate variability in the south-west of Western Australia

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12160 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 63 (9) ◽

pp. 840 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

C. K. Revell ◽

M. A. Ewing ◽

B. J. Nutt

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Subterranean Clover ◽

Trifolium Subterraneum ◽

Farming System ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

The South ◽

Pasture Legumes ◽

South West ◽

Annual Medics ◽

Phosphorus And Potassium

The south-west of Western Australia has experienced a declining trend in annual rainfall and gradual warming over the last 30 years. The distribution of rainfall has also changed, with lower autumn rainfall, patchy breaks to the season, and shorter springs. This has important implications for the productivity of legume pastures in the region, which is dominated by annual species, particularly subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.), annual medics (Medicago spp.), serradella (Ornithopus spp.), and biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus L.). For annual pasture legumes, appropriate patterns of seed softening and germination behaviour, efficiency of phosphorus and potassium uptake, responses to elevated levels of atmospheric CO2, and drought resistance of seedlings and mature plants will assume increasing importance. While these traits can be targeted in pasture breeding programs, it will also be important to exploit farming system opportunities to optimise the annual legume component of the feed base. These opportunities may take the form of incorporating strategic shrub reserves and grazing crops to allow for pasture deferment in autumn–winter. Perennial forages may become more important in this context, as discussed in terms of the development of the perennial legume tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata C.H. Stirton).

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Establishment, survival, and herbage production of novel, summer-active perennial pasture legumes in the low-rainfall cropping zone of Western Australia as affected by plant density and cutting frequency

Crop and Pasture Science ◽

10.1071/cp12398 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Lalith D. B. Suriyagoda ◽

Daniel Real ◽

Michael Renton ◽

Hans Lambers ◽

Megan H. Ryan

Keyword(s):

Western Australia ◽

Plant Density ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Early Summer ◽

Annual Rainfall ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Pasture Legumes ◽

Cutting Frequency ◽

Perennial Legume ◽

Perennial Legumes

Herbaceous perennial legumes that can provide forage in the summer–autumn dry period are urgently required in Mediterranean climates to complement annual pastures and the perennial legume lucerne (Medicago sativa). This study evaluated the establishment, survival, and herbage production of tedera (Bituminaria bituminosa var. albomarginata) and Cullen spp. native to Australia. Two experiments were replicated at Buntine (warmer site) and Newdegate (cooler site) in the low-rainfall cropping zone (<350 mm average annual rainfall) of Western Australia from June 2008 to September 2010. In the first experiment, established by transplanting seedlings, survival and herbage production of two accessions each of B. bituminosa and C. australasicum were studied under densities of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 plants/m2 with 0, 1, 2, or 3 cuts in summer–autumn in addition to a winter–spring cut. In the second experiment, established from seed, emergence and survival of several accessions of B. bituminosa, C. australasicum, and M. sativa were studied, along with C. pallidum and C. cinereum. In the first experiment, B. bituminosa survived better than C. australasicum (70–80% v. 18–45%), especially at Buntine, but there was little impact of density or cutting frequency on survival. Plant death was highest during summer. Shoot dry weight (DW) accumulation varied greatly with site, year, and plant density. When rainfall was close to average, shoot DW was greater at Newdegate (B. bituminosa ≤7.4 t/ha, C. australasicum ≤4.5 t/ha) than at Buntine (≤2.3 t/ha), and both species produced much of their shoot DW in summer–autumn (e.g. 6 t/ha for B. bituminosa and 3 t/ha for C. australasicum at Newdegate). An early-summer cut reduced the DW that could be harvested later in summer–autumn. In the second experiment, emergence of B. bituminosa was either similar to, or higher than, emergence of the other species, being 43% at Buntine and 44% at Newdegate. Survival of B. bituminosa, compared with M. sativa, was similar at Buntine (13%) and slightly lower at Newdegate (14%). Emergence and survival of Cullen spp. varied among species and accessions, with survival of the best performing accession of C. australasicum (SA4966) similar to that of B. bituminosa and M. sativa at both sites. We conclude that B. bituminosa shows promise as a perennial summer forage for low-rainfall zones, with a density of 8–16 plants/m2 and cutting frequency of 3 cuts/year (i.e. cut twice in summer–autumn), while C. australasicum and C. pallidum warrant further study.

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Exploring the Ecological Factors Affecting the Employment of People with Disabilities

Korean Journal of Social Quality ◽

10.29398/kjsq.2019.3.3.69 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 69-93

Author(s):

Young-soo Kim ◽

◽

Su-yon Kim ◽

Won-sup Ryu ◽

Soo-eun Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ecological Factors ◽

People With Disabilities ◽

Factors Affecting

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Identification of ecological factors affecting the occurrence and abundance of Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soo in the Himalaya

Journal of Applied Research on Medicinal and Aromatic Plants ◽

10.1016/j.jarmap.2020.100286 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 100286

Author(s):

Dinesh Thakur ◽

Nikita Rathore ◽

Manish Kumar Sharma ◽

Om Parkash ◽

Amit Chawla

Keyword(s):

Ecological Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Himalaya

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Russellite: a second occurrence

Mineralogical Magazine ◽

10.1180/minmag.1970.037.290.08 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 37 (290) ◽

pp. 705-707 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

L. C. Hodge

Keyword(s):

Powder Diffraction ◽

Western Australia ◽

Original Description ◽

Chemical Data ◽

Green Material ◽

X Ray ◽

Fine Grained ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Pale Green

SummaryRussellite Bi2O3. WO3 occurs in a small pegmatite near Poona, Western Australia. The fine-grained yellow to pale green material is an inseparable mixture of russellite, bismite, koechlinite, and bismutite. X-ray powder diffraction, physical, and chemical data agree in general with the original description of the mineral from Cornwall, England. The original analyses made on micro quantities are now supplemented by analyses on macro quantities.

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Further Studies upon Chemical Factors Affecting the Breeding of Anopheles in Trinidad

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300012840 ◽

1934 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 491-494 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

P. A. Buxton

Keyword(s):

Analytical Study ◽

Chemical Constituents ◽

Physical Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Early Stages ◽

Freshwater Biology ◽

Chemical Technique ◽

Chemical Factors ◽

Physical And Chemical

During the last decade, entomologists have made progress in understanding the environment in which certain insects live; in particular, we begin to understand the effect of certain physical and chemical factors, which make up a part of the environment. With this gain in knowledge, it is sometimes possible to forecast outbreaks of insects and of diseases conveyed by them, and one can sometimes say that a particular alteration of the environment will result in loss or gain. But so far as mosquitos are concerned, one must admit that though much work has been devoted to the analytical study of the water in which the early stages are passed, the results are disappointing. A consideration of the published work suggests several reasons for this. Investigation into the ecology of the mosquito has had a vogue, and much of it has been done by workers who were isolated and whose knowledge of chemical technique and freshwater biology was limited. Apart from that, the inherent difficulties are great, for the worker must hunt for the limiting chemical and physical factors among a host of others which are doubtless unimportant, and there are few clues to indicate which of the chemical constituents of the water affects the mosquito. The data are therefore voluminous and it is difficult to reduce them to order and present them so that they can be readily understood.

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