Kinleithic Acid: a New Hydroxylated Resin Acid From the Biological Treatment System of a New Zealand Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1989 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 983 ◽  
Author(s):  
AL Wilkins ◽  
AG Langdon ◽  
GN Mills ◽  
SS Panadam ◽  
TR Stuthridge
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Treated Effluents ◽  
Biological Treatment System

A new hydroxylated resin acid from the biologically treated effluents of a New Zealand pulp and paper mill has been identified as 13 β-hydroxyabietan-18-oic acid. This hydroxy acid appears to be an anaerobic degradation product of abietic acid.

Treatability of Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill Wastewaters in a New Zealand Aerated Lagoon Treatment System

1991 ◽  
Vol 24 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Stuthridge ◽  
D. N. Campin ◽  
A. G. Langdon ◽  
K. L. Mackie ◽  
P. N. McFarlane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Retention Time ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp ◽  
System A ◽  
Chloroacetic Acids

The effectiveness of the two biological treatment systems operating at a New Zealand bleached kraft softwood integrated pulp and paper mill was assessed. The two systems operate in different configurations. Treatment system A, which receives general mill wastewaters and chlorination stage bleaching discharges utilises deep, aerated lagoons and has a 4.5 day retention time. Treatment system B, which receives alkali extraction bleaching wastewaters and foul condensates, uses a lagoon system with a retention time of 45 days. Detailed chemical analyses of the untreated and treated wastewaters were made. Mass balances were calculated for a range of physical parameters and for specific chlorinated and non-chlorinated organic constituents. Significant differences in the treatability of various constituents were found. In particular, while system A was able to reduce levels of AOX by 65%, no significant reduction in AOX occurred in system B. In contrast, system B reduced levels of chloroacetic acids by 84% while system A did not achieve any statistically significant removal of these compounds. The treatability of chlorophenolic compounds also differed. System A was unable to remove chlorophenols and chloroguaiacols while system B did not reduce levels of chlorocatechols. These results confirm that the treatability of bleached kraft pulp and paper mill wastewater constituents is dependent upon the characteristics of the treatment systems and the compositions of the wastewaters.

Removal and Transformation of Resin Acids during Secondary Treatment at a New Zealand Bleached Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 105-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Zender ◽  
T. R. Stuthridge ◽  
A. G. Langdon ◽  
A. L. Wilkins ◽  
K. L. Mackie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Treatment System ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Bleached Kraft Pulp

Investigations were undertaken on a full scale lagoon treatment system receiving effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill which processed softwoods. The system was examined over four phases, including lagoons, aerobic transport channels and the recipient discharge point to determine the removal efficiency of resin acids during effluent treatment. The total treatment system removed 96% of the influent resin acids. The major compounds remaining after treatment were abietic acid, dehydroabietic acid, and a variety of hydrogenated resin acid transformation products. Each section of the treatment system differed in its ability to remove the major classes of resin acids. For example, the average removal rates for resin acids within the first phase lagoons and of the channel leaving the lagoons were 1.2 and 17 g.kg-1 VSS.day-1, respectively. A pathway for the biodegradation and biotransformation of influent resin acids is proposed on the basis of the observed changes in effluent composition through the treatment system.

Evaluation of the anaerobic degradation of black liquor from a Kraft pulp plant with addition of organic co-substrates

2009 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-272
Author(s):  
A. P. Buzzini ◽  
I. K. Sakamoto ◽  
M. B. Varesche ◽  
E. C. Pires
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Anaerobic Degradation ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Black Liquor ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Batch Experiments ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Qualitative Effect

The purpose of this study was to assess the anaerobic degradation of black liquor with and without additional carbon sources. Batch experiments were conducted using black liquor, from an integrated pulp and paper mill adding ethanol, methanol and nutrients. The PCR/DGGE technique was used to characterize the structure of the microbial community. The addition of extra sources of carbon did not significantly influence the degradation of black liquor under the conditions evaluated and the microbial community was similar in all experiments. It was observed an increase in some members of the archaeal in reactors that had the best efficiencies for removal of black liquor (around 7.5%). Either ethanol or methanol can be used as co-substrates because the produce the same quantitative and qualitative effect.

Distribution of Dehydroabietic Acid in Sediments Adjacent to a Kraft Pulp and Paper Mill

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Brownlee ◽  
M. E. Fox ◽  
W. M. J. Strachan ◽  
S. R. Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Half Life ◽  
Kraft Pulp ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill

Sediments adjacent to a kraft pulp and paper mill on western Nipigon Bay, Lake Superior, were examined for resin acids. Dehydroabietic acid was the predominant resin acid with surficial concentrations of less than 5–100 μg/g.The areal distribution indicated the mill to be the primary source of this compound. Depth profiles of the acid and core dating by 210Pb methods enabled the calculation of a mean sediment accumulation rate of 0.11 cm∙yr−1 and a half-life for the disappearance of dehydroabietic acid in the sediments of approximately 21 yr. A half-life of 0.12 yr was estimated for this compound in the water column. It appears, therefore, that the primary removal mechanism of dehydroabietic acid is degradation in the water column.

Microbiology and biodegradation of resin acids in pulp mill effluents: a minireview

1997 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 599-611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven N. Liss ◽  
Paul A. Bicho ◽  
John N. Saddler
Keyword(s):  
Biological Treatment ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Conclusive Evidence ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Original Material ◽  
Pulp And Paper Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Resin acids, a group of diterpenoid carboxylic acids present mainly in softwood species, are present in many pulp mill effluents and toxic to fish in recipient waters. They are considered to be readily biodegradable. However, their removal across biological treatment systems has been shown to vary. Recent studies indicate that natural resin acids and transformation products may accumulate in sediments and pose acute and chronic toxicity to fish. Several resin acid biotransformation compounds have also been shown to bioaccumulate and to be more resistant to biodegradation than the original material. Until recently, the microbiology of resin-acid degradation has received only scant attention. Although wood-inhabiting fungi have been shown to decrease the level of resin present in wood, there is no conclusive evidence that fungi can completely degrade these compounds. In contrast, a number of bacterial isolates have recently been described which are able to utilize dehydroabietic or isopimaric acids as their sole carbon source. There appears to be an unusually high degree of substrate specificity with respect to the utilization of abietane congeners and the presence of substituents. Pimaranes do not appear to be attacked to the same extent as the abietanes. This paper reviews the occurrence, chemistry, toxicity, and biodegradation of resin acids in relation to the biological treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents.Key words: resin acids, biodegradation, pulp mill effluents.

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