The extraction of iron(III) from 6 M hydrochloric acid by long-chain amines dissolved in chloroform

1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 489 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Ilic ◽  
RW Cattrall
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Tertiary Amine ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Strong Tendency ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Amine Hydrochlorides

Two-phase titration studies demonstrate a strong tendency for the formation of heterogeneous aggregates in the extraction of iron(III) from 6 M HCl by primary, secondary and tertiary amine hydrochlorides in chloroform. The stoichiometries of the extracted complexes are identified, and their extraction equilibrium constants are reported. The importance of the reagent monomer in the extraction process is discussed.

The mechanism of extraction of iron(III) from 6 M hydrochloric acid by long chain amines in chloroform

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1319 ◽  
Author(s):  
MZ Ilic ◽  
RW Cattrall ◽  
DE Davey
Keyword(s):  
Organic Phase ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Single Drop ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Fast Reactions ◽  
Complex Forms ◽  
Fast Ion ◽  
Drop Technique

The mechanism of transfer of FellI between 6.0 M HCl and five amine chlorides in chloroform has been studied by means of the single-drop technique. It is suggested that the (1,1) complex forms at the interface by fast ion-exchange and that the rate determining step involves the replacement of the complex at the interface by one molecule of reagent monomer from the bulk organic phase. Additional heterogeneous aggregates are formed in the bulk organic phase by fast reactions with reagent monomer. Support for this mechanism is obtained through the excellent agreement between the extraction equilibrium constants calculated from the rate data for the (1,1) complexes and the values obtained previously by two phase titration studies.

scholarly journals Extraction equilibrium of hydrochloric acid with tri-n-octylamine.

1989 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 443-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Kawano ◽  
Takanao Matsui ◽  
Kazuo Kondo ◽  
Fumiyuki Nakashio
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium

Mercury Removal from Fish Protein Concentrate

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 1777-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Regier
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Mercury Removal ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Fish Protein ◽  
Proteinaceous Food

The potential reclamation of mercury contaminated proteinaceous food by an extraction procedure such as employed in making fish protein concentrate was investigated. The addition of hydrochloric acid to the isopropanol extractant was found to give removals as high as 93% from dry swordfish protein concentrate. The normal Halifax isopropanol extraction process did not effect any significant removal of the mercury.Preliminary studies of the variables indicated acid concentration, kind of alcohol (ethanol and isopropanol), alcohol concentration, extractant volume, and number of extractions were important in the extraction.

scholarly journals STUDY OF GELATIN FROM DUCK BONE AS AN ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF HALAL GELATIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Habbib Khirzin
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Acid Extraction ◽  
Alternative Sources

Gelatin is an intermediate ingredient which is oftenly used in many field such as food, pharmacy, and cosmetics. It is usually extracted from pig and cow. Halal issue of gelatin sources and the outbreaks of mad cow diseases encouraged people to find an alternative sources of gelatin. One of the alternative sources of gelatin was duck bone. The aim of this research was to describe physicochemical properties of duck bone gelatin which is extracted by using acid extraction method as an alternative sources of halal gelatin. The extraction of duck bone gelatin used 5% concentration of HCl (hydrochloric acid). The extraction process consisted of four steps, they were degreassing, defating, demineralization, and acid extraction. The result showed that gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had these several characteristic: yield of 6.24%, pH 4.0, water content of 13.43%, ash content of 13.42%, protein content of 65.43%, and whiteness degree of 30.35%. Generally, gelatin which was extracted from duck bone had similar characteristic with commercial gelatin and SNI standard. Further researcher had been suggested to reoptimized extraction method in order to reduce ash content.

scholarly journals Comparative Extraction of Aluminum Group Metals Using Acetic Acid Derivatives with Three Different-Sized Frameworks for Coordination

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
Keisuke Ohto ◽  
Nako Fuchiwaki ◽  
Hiroaki Furugou ◽  
Shintaro Morisada ◽  
Hidetaka Kawakita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Spectroscopic Data ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Structural Effects ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Slope Analysis ◽  
Coordination Sites ◽  
Extraction Properties

We prepared acetic acid derivatives using three different frameworks, calix[4]arene, alkenyltrimethylol, and trihydroxytriphenylmethane, which differ in the number and size of their coordination sites. We further investigated the extraction properties for aluminum group metal ions. All three extraction reagents exhibited increased extraction compared with the corresponding monomeric compounds, owing to structural effects. The extraction reaction and extraction equilibrium constants were determined using a slope analysis. Their extraction abilities, separation efficiencies, and potential coordination modes are discussed using the extraction equilibrium constants, half-pH values, and spectroscopic data. The calix[4]arene and trihydroxytriphenylmethane derivatives demonstrated allosteric co-extraction of indium ions (In3+) with an unexpected stoichiometry of 1:2.

scholarly journals Solvent extraction of Sc(III) from sulfuric acid solution by bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphonic acid in toluene

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devendra Koladkar ◽  
Purshottam Dhadke
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Solution ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Phosphinic Acid ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
H2so4 Concentration ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Extraction Reaction ◽  
Reaction Proceeds

Liquid-liquid extraction of scandium(III) from sulfuric acid solution using bis(2-ethylhexyl) phosphinic acid (PIA-8) in toluene has been studied. The extraction of scandium(III) was found to be quantitative with 0.03 M PIA-8 in toluene in the acidic range of 0.1?0.5 M and 6.0?8.0 M H2SO4. The effect of the reagent concentration and other parameters on the extraction of scandium(III) was also studied. The stoichiometry of the extracted species of scandium(III) was determined on the basis of the slope analysis method. The extraction reaction proceeds via the cation exchange mechanism in the H2SO4 concentration range of 0.1?0.5M and the extracted species is ScR3.3HR. However, at higher acidity (6.0M?8.0M H2SO4) it proceeds by solvation. The extracted species is HSc(SO4)2.4HR. The temperature dependencies of the extraction equilibrium constants were examined to estimate the apparent thermodynamic functions (?H, ?S and ?G) for the extraction reaction.

scholarly journals Equilibrium Modeling of Astaxanthin Extraction from Haematococcus pluvialis

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 554
Author(s):  
Putri Restu Dewati ◽  
Rochmadi Rochmadi ◽  
Abdul Rohman ◽  
Avido Yuliestyan ◽  
Arief Budiman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Haematococcus Pluvialis ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Equilibrium Models ◽  
Extraction Equilibrium ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid

Astaxanthin is a natural antioxidant, and the highest content of this compound is found in Haematococcus pluvialis microalgae. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is one of the environmentally friendly extraction methods and has many advantages. This study aims to investigate the extraction of astaxanthin through the MAE method using various solvents. Several equilibrium models were proposed to describe this solid-liquid equilibrium. The solid-liquid extraction equilibrium parameters were determined by minimizing the sum of squares of errors (SSE), in which equilibrium constants were needed for scaling up purposes. Previously, the microalgae were pretreated with HCl to soften their cell walls in order to improve the extraction recovery. In this study, dichloromethane, acetone, methanol, and ethanol were used as the solvents for extraction. The astaxanthin concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and spectrophotometry. Astaxanthin was found to attain equilibrium at 57.42% recovery in a single-step extraction. Thus, several steps were required in sequence to obtain an optimum recovery. The experimental data were fitted to three equilibrium models, namely, Henry, Freundlich, and Langmuir models. The experimental data were well fitted to all the models for the extraction in dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol and acetone, as evident from the almost same SSE value for each model.

NEW METHOD FOR THE DISPOSAL OF SPENT BLEACHING CLAYS AT THE OIL-FAT PLANTS

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Е.О. Смычагин ◽  
С.К. Мустафаев
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Sunflower Seeds ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Combined Feed

Для утилизации отработанных отбельных глин (ООГ) масложировой промышленности предложено получение комбинированного кормового продукта (ККП) непосредственно на масложировых предприятиях, при переработке ООГ совместно с отходами очистки семян подсолнечника (ООСП). Обоснованы рецептуры и технологии ККП на разработанной нами ранее производственной линии, включающей обогащение ООСП сепарированием, экструдирование и прессование полученного вторичного масличного сырья. На линии был смонтирован дополнительный узел, обеспечивающий равномерное распределение строго определенного количества ООГ во вторичном масличном сырье из ООСП. Исследовано влияние количества внесенных во вторичное масличное сырье ООГ на процесс отжима масла. Обосновано, что для производства ККП во вторичное масличное сырье необходимо добавлять не более 2 ООГ. Полученный ККП по показателям безопасности соответствует белковолипидному кормовому продукту Подсолнечный (ТУ 914637502067862 2014): массовая доля, , в пересчете на абсолютно сухое вещество сырого протеина составила 27,8 сырой клетчатки 30,6 общей золы 7,6. Установлено незначительное увеличение в ККП массовых долей сырого жира и золы, не растворимой в соляной кислоте 15,8 и 1,4 соответственно. Полученное масло по жирнокислотному составу и показателям качества не отличается от масла из ООСП. For the disposal of spent bleaching clays (SBC), we proposed to obtain a combined feed product from them directly at oil and fat enterprises, processing together with the sunflower seed cleaning waste. The formulation and technology for the production of the combined feed product were developed on a previously tested production line, including the enrichment of waste products for cleaning sunflower seeds by separation, extrusion and pressing of the obtained secondary oilseeds, for which a unit was added to ensure uniform distribution of strictly measured amounts of SBC in it. Conducted by studies on the effect of the amount of waste bleaching clay added to secondary oilseeds from waste products from cleaning sunflower seeds on the oil extraction process, it was substantiated that for the production of a combined feed product, no more than 2 of SBC should be added to secondary oilseeds. The resulting combined feed product in terms of safety corresponds to the Proteinlipid feed product Sunflower, produced under 914637502067862 2014 specification, while the combined feed product is slightly higher than the mass fraction of crude fat and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid. The obtained oil on fatty acid composition and quality indicators practically does not differ from the oil from sunflower seed cleaning waste.

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