The vapour pressure of supercooled water and heavy water

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177 ◽  
Author(s):  
GA Bottomley
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Water ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
The Difference

Measurements have been made on H2O and on D2O of the difference in vapour pressure between the solid and the supercooled liquid down to some 14° below their respective triple-point temperatures.

Vapour pressure of heavy water at its triple point

1989 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Markó ◽  
Gy Jákli ◽  
G Jancsó
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Water ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Vapour Pressure

The difference in vapour pressure between normal and equilibrium hydrogen. Vapour pressure of normal hydrogen between 20°K and 32°K

Physica ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1238-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Van Itterbeek ◽  
O. Verbeke ◽  
F. Theewes ◽  
K. Staes ◽  
J. De Boelpaep
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Normal Hydrogen ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Reversible structural transformations in supercooled liquid water from 135 to 245 K

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6510) ◽  
pp. 1490-1492
Author(s):  
Loni Kringle ◽  
Wyatt A. Thornley ◽  
Bruce D. Kay ◽  
Greg A. Kimmel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Structural Transformations ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Supercritical Regime ◽  
Water Films ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Full Temperature ◽  
State Configuration

A fundamental understanding of the unusual properties of water remains elusive because of the limited data at the temperatures and pressures needed to decide among competing theories. We investigated the structural transformations of transiently heated supercooled water films, which evolved for several nanoseconds per pulse during fast laser heating before quenching to 70 kelvin (K). Water’s structure relaxed from its initial configuration to a steady-state configuration before appreciable crystallization. Over the full temperature range investigated, all structural changes were reversible and reproducible by a linear combination of high- and low-temperature structural motifs. The fraction of the liquid with the high-temperature motif decreased rapidly as the temperature decreased from 245 to 190 K, consistent with the predictions of two-state “mixture” models for supercooled water in the supercritical regime.

Vapour pressure of isotopic solids by a steady flow method: Argon between 72 °K and triple point

1962 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 1041-1053 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Boato ◽  
G. Scoles ◽  
M. E. Vallauri
Keyword(s):  
Steady Flow ◽  
Triple Point ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Flow Method

scholarly journals Measurements of the Vapor Pressure of Supercooled Water Using Infrared Spectroscopy

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1724-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Cantrell ◽  
Eli Ochshorn ◽  
Alexander Kostinski ◽  
Keith Bozin
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Water Film ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Quantitative Change ◽  
Wetting Transition ◽  
Higher Temperature

Abstract Measurements are presented of the vapor pressure of supercooled water utilizing infrared spectroscopy, which enables unambiguous verification that the authors’ data correspond to the vapor pressure of liquid water, not a mixture of liquid water and ice. Values of the vapor pressure are in agreement with previous work. Below −13°C, the water film that is monitored to determine coexistence of liquid water (at one temperature) and ice (at another, higher, temperature) de-wets from the hydrophilic silicon prism employed in the authors’ apparatus. The de-wetting transition indicates a quantitative change in the structure of the supercooled liquid.

scholarly journals Some moisture relations of colloids.—I. A comparative study of the rates of evaporation of water from wool, sand and clay

1923 ◽  
Vol 103 (720) ◽  
pp. 139-161 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Effective Velocity ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Free Moisture ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Rate Of Evaporation ◽  
Drying Conditions ◽  
Air Processing

The operation of drying is one of dominating importance in many branches of industry, among which may be mentioned the drying and seasoning of timber and textiles, the curing of tea and tobacco, the manufacture of photographic films, glue and gelatin, pottery, paper, paints and varnishes, toffees, macaroni, milk and other dried foods and fruits; and “air-processing,” as it is called in America, is, in itself, an industry of considerable magnitude. It is not surprising, therefore, that much attention has been given by chemical engineers to the design of drying-plant, and a considerable literature on this subject exists. The theoretical side of the subject, however, has not been so thoroughly developed, and there are many gaps in our knowledge of the factors underlying the process of the evaporation of water from colloid materials. There are two main groups of factors governing the rate of evaporation of water from any kind of material. The first group is fairly well understood, and comprises all those factors that are external to the material concerned, such as the temperature and humidity of the drying atmosphere, and the effective velocity of the air over the surface of the stock. These factors are known generally as the “drying conditions.” The second group comprises what may be termed the internal factors, such as the chemical and physical properties of the material being dried and the changes that occur in these as the drying proceeds. These factors have not been so thoroughly investigated as the drying conditions, possibly on account of the difficulty of treating them from a purely physical and thermo-dynamic standpoint. They are, however, of no less importance industrially, while their study as a purely scientific problem is of much interest and may throw some light on the physical and physico-chemical nature of colloid materials. Moisture may exist in materials in at least two distinct forms: as free moisture adhering to the material and with a vapour pressure equal to that of water in bulk, and as “sorbed” moisture, the vapour pressure of which is always less than that of water in bulk. The rate of evaporation of water, under constant drying conditions, at any instant per unit of surface is proportional to the difference between the vapour pressure of the evaporating water and the pressure of the water-vapour in the adjacent atmosphere, i. e.

THE TEMPERATURE–TIME DEPENDENCE OF THE TRIPLE POINT OF WATER

1959 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1230-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Berry
Keyword(s):  
Triple Point ◽  
Temperature Rise ◽  
Initial Temperature ◽  
Freezing Process ◽  
Time Dependency ◽  
Triple Point Of Water ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Average Rise ◽  
Temperature Time

The important, but elusive, temperature–time dependency of the triple point of water has been thoroughly investigated in 10 triple point cells from two sources. During the first 2 days after preparation of the cells, the temperature was found to increase by amounts ranging from 0 to 5 × 10−4 °C with the average rise being 2 × 10−4 °C. After the second day the temperature continued to rise at a rate of about 0.1 × 10−4 °C per day for about a week and finally stabilized. In practice, if an ice mantle in a cell is allowed to age for about three days before the cell is used the temperature should be reproducible to about 10−1 °C.A series of experiments are described which suggest that this initial temperature rise may well be due to the growth of crystals in the ice and/or strains in the freshly prepared ice. The slow rise after the second day could be accounted for by crystal growth. These two possibilities are discussed in detail and a formula relating the temperature to crystal size is compared with the observed results.Tests in pyrex cells up to 5 years old showed that they contain no significant amount of impurities and, therefore, that the segregation of impurities during the freezing process is not likely to be the cause of the initial temperature variations.On the assumption that the above explanations are true, a number of methods of eliminating this troublesome initial temperature rise were tested. Since none of these tests was completely successful, methods of extending the usefulness of old mantles were examined.Different methods of preparing and using the cells were critically examined; the earlier method of supercooled freezing was found to be quite inadequate. The effect of different thermal bonds in the thermometer well and of different cell environments was investigated. As a result of this work a new importance is attached to the standard practice of melting the inner layer of ice next to the thermometer well.The effect of the temperature–time dependency on previous measurements of the difference in temperature between the ice and triple points of water is discussed.

scholarly journals Volume analysis of supercooled water under high pressure

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (41) ◽  
pp. 2467-2478
Author(s):  
Solomon F. Duki ◽  
Mesfin Tsige
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Water Sample ◽  
High Pressures ◽  
Supercooled Water ◽  
Supercooled Liquid ◽  
Chem Phys ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Isothermal Compression ◽  
Emulsified Water ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

ABSTRACTMotivated by an experimental finding on the density of supercooled water at high pressure [O. Mishima, J. Chem. Phys. 133, 144503 (2010)] we performed atomistic molecular dynamics simulations study of bulk water in the isothermal-isobaric ensemble. Cooling and heating cycles at different isobars and isothermal compression at different temperatures are performed on the water sample with pressures that range from 0 to 1.0 GPa. The cooling simulations are done at temperatures that range from 40 K to 380 K using two different cooling rates, 10 K/ns and 10 K/5 ns. For the heating simulations we used the slowest heating rate (10 K/5 ns) by applying the same range of isobars. Our analysis of the variation of the volume of the bulk water sample with temperature at different pressures from both isobaric cooling/heating and isothermal compression cycles indicates a concave-downward curvature at high pressures that is consistent with the experiment for emulsified water. In particular, a strong concave down curvature is observed between the temperatures 180 K and 220 K. Below the glass transition temperature, which is around 180 K at 1GPa, the volume turns to concave upward curvature. No crystallization of the supercooled liquid state was observed below 180 K even after running the system for an additional microsecond.

HYDROGEN PEROXIDE AND ITS ANALOGUES: III. ABSORPTION SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN AND DEUTERIUM PEROXIDES IN THE NEAR ULTRAVIOLET

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 490-493 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. K. Phibbs ◽  
Paul A. Giguère
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Absorption Spectrum ◽  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Heavy Water ◽  
Zero Point ◽  
Zero Point Energy ◽  
Point Energy ◽  
Near Ultraviolet ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations

The absorption of ultraviolet light between 3000 and 4000 Å by solutions of hydrogen peroxide in water and of deuterium peroxide in heavy water has been measured at various concentrations. Both peroxides show slight but real deviations from Beer's law at high concentrations. Substitution of hydrogen by deuterium shifts the absorption continuum by about 390 cm.−1 towards shorter wave lengths. This shift is of the same order as that calculated from the difference in zero-point energy of the two isotopic molecules.

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