The kinetic theory of hot reactions. Reactions of ions and excited species

1976 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 681
Author(s):  
FCR Cattell
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Excited Atoms ◽  
Halogen Atoms ◽  
Excited Species ◽  
Sufficient Proof

Removal of a product in a manner which conforms to the Estrup-Wolfgang kinetic theory is not sufficient proof that kinetic excitation alone is involved. There may therefore be a need to reappraise some high-energy reactions of heavy halogen atoms where reactions of charged and excited atoms are likely to interfere.

scholarly journals Effects of Cold Jet Atmospheric Pressure Plasma on the Structural Characteristics and Immunoreactivity of Celiac-Toxic Peptides and Wheat Storage Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 1012
Author(s):  
Fusheng Sun ◽  
Xiaoxue Xie ◽  
Yufan Zhang ◽  
Jiangwei Duan ◽  
Mingyu Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Plasma ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Backbone Cleavage ◽  
Excited Atoms ◽  
Wheat Storage Proteins ◽  
Toxic Peptides

The present research reported the effects of structural properties and immunoreactivity of celiac-toxic peptides and wheat storage proteins modified by cold jet atmospheric pressure (CJAP) plasma. It could generate numerous high-energy excited atoms, photons, electrons, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, including O3, H2O2, •OH, NO2− and NO3− etc., to modify two model peptides and wheat storage proteins. The Orbitrap HR-LC-MS/MS was utilized to identify and quantify CJAP plasma-modified model peptide products. Backbone cleavage of QQPFP and PQPQLPY at specific proline and glutamine residues, accompanied by hydroxylation at the aromatic ring of phenylalanine and tyrosine residues, contributed to the reduction and modification of celiac-toxic peptides. Apart from fragmentation, oxidation, and agglomeration states were evaluated, including carbonyl formation and the decline of γ-gliadin. The immunoreactivity of gliadin extract declined over time, demonstrating a significant decrease by 51.95% after 60 min of CJAP plasma treatment in vitro. The CJAP plasma could initiate depolymerization of gluten polymer, thereby reducing the amounts of large-sized polymers. In conclusion, CJAP plasma could be employed as a potential technique in the modification and reduction of celiac-toxic peptides and wheat storage proteins.

Monte Carlo Calculations on Models for High Energy Atomic Reactions

1964 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. S. Rowland ◽  
P. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Energy Loss ◽  
Free Parameter ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculation ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Isotropic Model ◽  
Monte Carlo Calculations

SummaryA Monte Carlo calculation has been performed to evaluate the yields expected from the kinetic theory of hot atom reactions for various combinations of parameters. The calculations here have been performed for the elastic, isotropic model and for an isotropic, pseudoelastic model in which the maximum energy loss is treated as a free parameter. The total hot yield,

NEUTRINO CAPTURE INDUCED SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (08n10) ◽  
pp. 1483-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. STROTHER ◽  
W. BAUER
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Supernova Explosion ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Transport Equations ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Explosion Mechanism

Motivated by the success of kinetic theory in the description of observables in intermediate and high energy heavy-ion collisions, we use kinetic theory to model the dynamics of core collapse supernovae. The specific way that we employ kinetic theory to solve the relevant transport equations allows us to explicitly model the propagation of neutrinos and a full ensemble of nuclei and treat neutrino–matter interactions in a very general way. With these abilities, our simulations have observed dynamics that may prove to be an entirely new neutrino capture induced supernova explosion mechanism.

scholarly journals Mechanism of the Formation of Electronically Excited Species by Oxidative Metabolic Processes: Role of Reactive Oxygen Species

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavel Pospíšil ◽  
Ankush Prasad ◽  
Marek Rác
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Molecular Oxygen ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Metabolic Processes ◽  
Excited Species ◽  
Electronically Excited

It is well known that biological systems, such as microorganisms, plants, and animals, including human beings, form spontaneous electronically excited species through oxidative metabolic processes. Though the mechanism responsible for the formation of electronically excited species is still not clearly understood, several lines of evidence suggest that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the formation of electronically excited species. This review attempts to describe the role of ROS in the formation of electronically excited species during oxidative metabolic processes. Briefly, the oxidation of biomolecules, such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids by ROS initiates a cascade of reactions that leads to the formation of triplet excited carbonyls formed by the decomposition of cyclic (1,2-dioxetane) and linear (tetroxide) high-energy intermediates. When chromophores are in proximity to triplet excited carbonyls, the triplet-singlet and triplet-triplet energy transfers from triplet excited carbonyls to chromophores result in the formation of singlet and triplet excited chromophores, respectively. Alternatively, when molecular oxygen is present, the triplet-singlet energy transfer from triplet excited carbonyls to molecular oxygen initiates the formation of singlet oxygen. Understanding the mechanism of the formation of electronically excited species allows us to use electronically excited species as a marker for oxidative metabolic processes in cells.

THE NUCLEAR AND MANY-BODY PHYSICS OF SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS

2007 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 1073-1081 ◽  
Author(s):  
TERRANCE STROTHER ◽  
WOLFGANG BAUER
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Many Body ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Supernova Explosions ◽  
Many Body Physics

Motivated by the success of kinetic theory in the description of observables in intermediate and high energy heavy ion collisions, we use kinetic theory to model the dynamics of collapsing iron cores in type II supernova explosions. The algorithms employed, the rational for choosing them, and some preliminary results are discussed.

COLLECTIVE MOTION IN NUCLEAR COLLISIONS AND SUPERNOVA EXPLOSIONS

2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
WOLFGANG BAUER ◽  
TERRANCE STROTHER
Keyword(s):  
Kinetic Theory ◽  
Heavy Ion Collisions ◽  
Collective Motion ◽  
Heavy Ion ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
Core Collapse ◽  
Nuclear Collisions ◽  
Ion Collisions ◽  
Supernova Explosions

Motivated by the success of kinetic theory in the description of observables in intermediate and high energy heavy-ion collisions, we apply kinetic theory to the physics of supernova explosions. The algorithmic implementation for the high-density phase of the iron core collapse is discussed.

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