The decomposition of permanganate in molten alkali-metal nitrates

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 943 ◽  
Author(s):  
RB Temple ◽  
GW Thickett
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Alkali Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Oxidation State ◽  
Rate Constant ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Nitrates ◽  
Fixed Weight

The decomposition of MnO4- has been studied in molten (K/Li)NO3 eutectic at temperatures between 150� and 200�C. The rate of decomposition in a Pyrex vessel increased in the presence of traces of NO2-, Br- and CN- and of the manganate(1V) precipitate produced in the decomposition. Various transition and heavy metal ions were also found to accelerate the decomposition of MnO4- : the rate law appears to be -d[MnO4-]/dt = k[Mn+]2/n[MnO4-] where n = oxidation state of metal ion M which was added to the melt solution of MnO4- (in the presence of a fixed weight of insoluble reaction product). Nickel and cobalt(11) ions are oxidized by MnO4- to insoluble nickel(111) and cobalt(111) manganates(1V). Whilst NO2- produced by the thermal decomposition of NO3- appears to be the active reductant in (K/Li)NO3 melts, the reaction is complicated by being partly heterogeneous. The method of preparation of the reaction product critically affects the rate constant k.

scholarly journals Ag-Functionalized Si Nanowire Arrays Aligned Vertically for SERS Detection of Captured Heavy Metal Ions by BSA

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 685
Author(s):  
Ai-Huei Chiou ◽  
Jun-Luo Wei ◽  
Ssu-Han Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Raman Scattering ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Ag Nps ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Si Nanowire

A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based probe to capture heavy metal ion (Zn2+) by bovine serum albumin (BSA) using Si-nanowire (SiNW) arrays with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was developed. A layer with AgNPs was deposited on the SiNW surface by RF magnetron sputtering for enhancement of SERS signals. Using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), the observation reveals that the AgNP layer with depths of 30–75 nm was successfully deposited on SiNW arrays. The Ag peaks in EDS and XRD spectra of SiNW arrays confirmed the presence of Ag particles on SiNW arrays. The WCA observations showed a high affinity of the Ag–SiNW arrays immobilized with BSA (water contact angle (WCA) = 87.1°) and ZnSO4 (WCA = 8.8°). The results of FTIR analysis illustrate that the conjugate bonds exist between zinc sulfate (ZnSO4) and –OH groups/–NH groups of BSA. The resulting SiNWs/Ag NPs composite interfaces showed large Raman scattering enhancement for the capture of heavy metal ions by BSA with a detection of 0.1 μM. BSA and ZnSO4 conjugations, illustrating specific SERS spectra with high sensitivity, which suggests great promise in developing label-free biosensors.

scholarly journals Nanocelllulose Based Adsorbents for Heavy Metal Ions Removal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Si ◽  
Daiqi Wang ◽  
Yehong Chen ◽  
Dongmei Yu ◽  
Qijun Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Advanced Technologies ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions Removal ◽  
Metal Ions Removal

Abstract Heavy metal ion pollutions are of serious threat for our human health, and advanced technologies on removal of heavy metal ions in water or soil are in the focus of intensive research worldwide. Nanocellulose based adsorbents are emerging as an environmentally friendly appealing materials platform for heavy metal ions removal as nanocellulose has higher specific surface area, excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. In this review, we briefly compare the differences of three kinds of nanocellulose and their preparation method. Then we cover the most recent work on nanocellulose based adsorbents for heavy metal ions removal, and present an in-depth discussion of the modification technologies for nanocellulose in assembling high performance heavy ions adsorbent process. By introducing functional groups, such as amino, carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl, and thiol, the nanocellulose based adsorbents not only remove single heavy metal ions through ion exchange, chelation/complexation/coordination, electrostatic attraction, hydrophobic actions, binding affinity and redox reactions, but also can selectively adsorb multiple heavy ions in water. Finally, some challenges of nanocellulose based adsorbents for heavy metal ions are also prospected. We anticipate that the review supplies some guides for nanocellulose based adsorbents applied in heavy metal ions removal field.

Functional group effect of isoreticular metal–organic frameworks on heavy metal ion adsorption

2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 8864-8873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leili Esrafili ◽  
Vahid Safarifard ◽  
Elham Tahmasebi ◽  
M. D. Esrafili ◽  
Ali Morsali
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Ion Adsorption ◽  
Group Effect ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Metal Organic

We examined adsorption behavior of some MOFs having different functional groups in their pillar structures for adsorption of some heavy metal ions.

Recent Advances in Water Treatment Using Graphene-based Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nader Ghaffari Khaligh ◽  
Mohd Rafie Johan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Adsorption Parameters

: A variety of processes were reported for efficient removing of heavy metal from wastewater, including but not limited to ion exchange, reverse osmosis, membrane filtration, flotation, coagulation, chemical precipitation, solvent extraction, electrochemical treatments, evaporation, oxidation, adsorption, and biosorption. Among the aforementioned techniques, adsorption/ion exchange has been known as a most important method for removing heavy metal ions and organic pollutants due to great removal performance, simple and easy process, cost-effectiveness and the considerable choice of adsorbent materials. : Nanotechnology and its applications have been developed in most branches of science and technology. Extensive studies have been conducted to remove heavy metal ions from wastewater by preparation and applications of various nanomaterials. Nanomaterials offer advantages in comparison to other materials including an extremely high specific surface area, low-temperature modification, short intraparticle diffusion distance, numerous associated sorption sites, tunable surface chemistry, and pore size. In order to evaluate an adsorbent, two key parameters are: the adsorption capacity and the desorption property. The adsorption parameters including the absorbent loading, pH and temperature, concentration of heavy metal ion, ionic strength, and competition among metal ions are often studied and optimized. : Several reviews have been published on the application of Graphene (G), Graphene Oxide (GO) in water treatment. In this minireview, we attempted to summarize the recent research advances in water treatment and remediation process by graphene-based materials and provide intensive knowledge of the removal of pollutants in batch and flow systems. Finally, future applicability perspectives are offered to encourage more interesting developments in this promising field. This minireview does not include patent literature.

Triazole-amide isosteric pyridine-based supramolecular gelators in metal ion and biothiol sensing with excellent performance in adsorption of heavy metal ions and picric acid from water

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 934-945 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atanu Panja ◽  
Kumaresh Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Marked Effect ◽  
Picric Acid ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Ion Sensing ◽  
Gelling Properties ◽  
Metal Ion Sensing

Pyridine-based gelators 1–4 of triazole-amide isosteric relationship have been considered in metal ion sensing, heavy metal and picric acid adsorption from water. The change from triazole to isosteric amide has marked effect on gelling properties of the gelators.

Heavy metal ion discrimination based on distinct interaction between single-stranded DNA and methylene blue

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Li ◽  
Bing Liu ◽  
Zhengbo Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Sensor Array ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Colorimetric Sensor Array

In this work, we developed a facile and extensible colorimetric sensor array based on different interactions between methylene blue (MB) and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) for the discrimination of heavy metal ions.

scholarly journals Removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater by capacitive deionization using polypyrrole/chitosan composite electrode

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 205-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujie Zhang ◽  
Quanqin Xue ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
Jizhe Dai
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Composite Electrode ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Metal Ion Adsorption ◽  
Adsorption Desorption ◽  
Chitosan Composite

A polypyrrole/chitosan composite material was obtained by chemical polymerization. The adsorption performance of a hot-molded polypyrrole/chitosan composite electrode was tested by adsorption/desorption experiments. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy both showed the deposition of polypyrrole on the chitosan surface. The specific capacitance of the polypyrrole/chitosan composite was determined by cyclic voltammetry in 1.0 M KCl at 0.01 V/s as 102.96 F/g. The adsorption/desorption experiments indicated that the specific adsorption capacity of the composite for Cu2+ was 99.67 mg/g, while the removal performance for other metal ions, such as Ag+, Pb2+, and Cd2+, was good. The results of multicycle adsorption/desorption tests showed that the adsorption rate of the polypyrrole/chitosan composite electrode for Cu2+ was decreased from 56.4 to 51.4% over 10 cycles, demonstrating the stable metal-ion adsorption/desorption behavior of the composite electrode. The obtained performances show that the prepared polypyrrole/chitosan composite material is an ideal electrode material for the removal of heavy metal ions.

Diatomite Modification and its Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions

2013 ◽  
Vol 864-867 ◽  
pp. 664-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Ri Dong ◽  
Yan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ion

Diatomite plays a very important role in sewage adsorption and especially has vast prospect in adsorbing heavy metal ions. The paper, on the basis of domestic and overseas literatures concerning diatomite, summarizes the modification methods of diatomite and adsorption research of heavy metal ions. Besides, it also forecasts the prospect of using diatomite to specifically adsorb heavy metal ion.

Novel 4,4′-{(diphenylmethylene) bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy)}-bridged ball-type phthalocyanines: Electrochemical, electrocatalytic oxygen reducing and heavy metals ions sensing properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (08n11) ◽  
pp. 1319-1333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvan Doğan ◽  
Metin Özer ◽  
Ahmet Altındal ◽  
Ali Rıza Özkaya ◽  
Bekir Salih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Quartz Crystal ◽  
Structural Difference ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensor

Novel 4,4′-{(diphenylmethylene)bis(4,1-phenylene)bis(oxy)} bridged ball-type metal-free, zinc(II), cobalt(II) and iron(II) ball-type metallophthalocyanines were achieved by the reaction of the bisphthalonitrile derivative in 2-dimetylaminoethanol. The isolation of the metal-free and metallophthalocyanines were carried out by both planar and column chromatography and also by hot soxhalet extraction. Their structures have been characterized by infrared, ultraviolet-visible,1H nuclear magnetic resonance and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectroscopies. The redox characters of the ball-type metallophthalocyanines have been investigated by cyclic voltammetry, square wave voltammetry, controlled potential coulometry and spectroelectrochemistry in nonaqueous media. The investigation suggested that the ball-type complexes form ring-based and/or metal-based mixed-valence species as a result of the remarkable interaction between the two Pc rings and/or metal centers. Furthermore, these species were found to be stable as evidenced by the splitting of the relevant redox processes. The electrocatalytic oxygen reducing performances of the dinuclear ball-type complexes were also studied. The compound involving Fe(II) centers at the phthalocyanine cores displayed higher catalytic performance towards oxygen reduction than those of other ones. By using these compounds as sensing materials, a flow type quartz crystal microbalance sensor was developed for the detection of small concentrations of heavy metal ions. A cadmium ion sensitivity of 2.85 × 104Hz/mg.L[Formula: see text] was observed with ball-type iron(II) phthalocyanine coated quartz crystal microbalance sensor. Detection of other metal ions including Fe[Formula: see text], Zn[Formula: see text], Ag[Formula: see text] and Sn[Formula: see text] were also performed. The results indicated that 1– 4 functionalized quartz crystal microbalance sensors can be used for the detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. Partition coefficients obtained from the linear response regimes of the calibration curves are in the 8.6 × 104–5.4 × 105range. Results show that the minor structural difference between metal free and metallophthalocyanine poses significant impact on metal ion partitioning.

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