Electrochemical Studies on Eriochrome Violet B and Its Lanthanide Complexes. II. Controlled-potential Coulometric Studies

1962 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 416 ◽  
Author(s):  
TM Florence ◽  
GH Aylward
Keyword(s):  
Lanthanide Complexes ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Polarographic Behaviour ◽  
Controlled Potential

Controlled-potential coulometric studies of Eriochrome Violet B (5-sulpho-2-hydroxy-benzeneazo-2-naphthol) using a stirred mercury pool cathode have shown that four electrons per molecule of dye are required for the reduction and that the amines are the final reduction products both in acidic and basic media. The lanthanide-dye complexes are reduced in a similar manner to the free dye. The reduction of Eriochrome Violet B does not obey first-order kinetics, and the observed reaction rate may be related qualitatively to a disproportionation mechanism involving an unstable hydrazo compound. The coulometric and polarographic behaviour of Eriochrome Violet B has been compared with that of the uranium system, which is well known to involve a disproportionation step.

Kinetics and mechanism of the osmium-tetroxide-catalysed oxidation of mandelate ion by hexacyanoferrate(III) ion

1968 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 2913 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Singh ◽  
VN Singh ◽  
MP Singh
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Product ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Catalysed Oxidation ◽  
Hydroxyl Ion

The osmium-tetroxide-catalysed oxidation of mandelate ion by hexacyanoferrate(111) ion has been studied kinetically. The reaction rate has been found to be independent of hexacyanoferrate(111) ion while the order with respect to both osmium tetroxide and mandelate ion comes out to be unity. The reaction rate follows first-order kinetics at low hydroxyl ion concentration and becomes zero order at higher concentrations. The course of the reaction has been considered to proceed through the formation of an activated mandelate-OsO4, complex which decomposes in alkaline medium giving reduced osmium(V1) followed by a fast oxidation by hexacyanoferrate(111) ion. The probable course of the reactions is also described with the help of its oxidation product, benzoic acid.

Design of Impinging Stream-Cavitations and Micro-Electrolysis Reactor and Treatment of High Concentration Wastewater

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 1994-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao Wu ◽  
Fu Bao Li ◽  
Qin Li ◽  
Wei Sha
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Cod Removal ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Air Compressor ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics

A micro-electrolysis reactor combined with the technology of impinging stream-cavitations drum was designed. Then it was used in the treatment of high concentration wastewater. Under the conditions of reaction time is 60 min, ratio of iron to carbon is 1 and the pressure of the air compressor is 8Mpa, the COD and chromaticity could remove 95.7% and 85.9% respectively. The biodegradability was improved obviously with 0.55 of BOD5/COD. The determinations of kinetics under the best conditions show that, the mode of COD removal basically conforms to the rule of first order kinetics. The reaction rate in our reactor was faster than only micro-electrolysis or only cavitations obviously. The conjunction of impinging stream-cavitations and micro-electrolysis has good synergism and facilitation.

Solid Super Acid of S2O82- /FexOy-CuOx Catalytic Degradation of Orange IV

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 182-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Jie Zhang ◽  
Guo Rui Liu ◽  
Da Peng Li ◽  
Yue Xiao Tian ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Reaction Rate Constant ◽  
Heterogeneous Fenton ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Good Catalytic Activity ◽  
Super Acid ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Solid super acid (S2O82-/FexOy-CuOx) was prepared and used as a heterogeneous Fenton-like catalyst to decompose H2O2for the degradation of refractory dye Orange IV in water. The factors that affected the degradation of Orange IV were discussed in this heterogeneous Fenton-like system. The catalytic activity of S2O82-/FexOy-CuOxwas evaluated by the degradation of Orange IV and the decomposition of H2O2. The results show that the catalyst S2O82-/FexOy-CuOxhas a good catalytic activity. The reaction follows pseudo-first-order kinetics; the reaction rate constant has a good relationship with the concentration of H2O2. The degradation rate of Orange IV and the decomposition rate of H2O2increase with the increase of temperature and the dosage of catalyst whereas it decreases with the increase of the initial concentration of Orange IV and the initial pH.

scholarly journals Studies of Degradation Kinetics of a 5-HT3 Antagonist, Ramosetron Hydrochloride: Effects of Temperature

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Md Mokaram Hossain ◽  
Reza Ul Jalil ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
First Order ◽  
Reaction Rate Constants ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Antiemetic Activity ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Subtype 3

Ramosetron hydrochloride is the hydrochloride salt of ramosetron, a selective serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist with potential antiemetic activity. Upon administration, ramosetron selectively binds to and blocks the activity of 5-HT subtype 3 (5-HT3) receptors located in the vagus nerve terminal and the vomiting center of central nervous system (CNS), suppressing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Degradation of Ramosetron HCl was conducted with 0.1N NaOH at 60°C, 70°C and 80°C to study the reaction kinetics. The reaction rate constants (k) for degradation at 60°C, 70°C and 80°C were -2.2680 molL-1s-1 , -3.3714 molL-1s-1 and -5.3686 molL-1s-1 for zero order and -1.05 x 10-2s-1, -1.60 x 10-2s-1 and -2.70 x 10-2s-1 for first order kinetics, respectively. The activation energy of Ramosetron HCl was found as 10.05 kcalmol-1 by using Arrhenius equation. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 167-173, 2018 (December)

Hydrogenation Kinetics of N-Ethylcarbaozle as a Heteroaromatic Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carrier

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 981-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Yang ◽  
Yuan Dong ◽  
Han Song Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Pressure ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Hydrogenation Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogenation Kinetics ◽  
Hydrogen Carrier ◽  
Kinetics Of

The catalytic hydrogenation kinetics of N-ethylcarbazole over 5 wt% Ru/Al2O3 was investigated at various temperatures. The results shows that the hydrogenation reaction was exothermic and high temperature is unfavorable for the reaction rate. Fully hydrogenation was achieved within 1 hour under the best reaction temperature of 170 °C. The kinetics of N-ethylcarbazole follows the first-order kinetics in terms of the reactant concentration but independent of hydrogen pressure, which was maintained as a constant in the reaction process. The apparent activation energy of N-ethylcarbazole hydrogenation reaction at 150-180 °C was found to be 71.2 kJ/mol.

scholarly journals Photocatalytic Degradation of Erythrosin-B using Cadmium Cobaltite for Water Reuse: Efficiency and Degradation Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 2143-2148
Author(s):  
JAYANTI SAMOTA ◽  
SURAJ SHARMA ◽  
SHIPRA BHARDWAJ ◽  
KUMUD INTODIA
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Degradation ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Photochemical Degradation ◽  
Erythrosin B ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
The Impact

In present work, a photocatalytic degradation of Erythrosin-B has been studied using cadmium cobaltite. The impact of different parameters such as pH, amount of cadmium cobaltite, concentration of Erythrosin-B and light intensity have been observed on the reaction rate. Radical quenching experiments revealed that hydroxyl radicals are primarily responsible for the degradation of Erythrosin-B. The progress of reaction monitored spectrophotometrically and it followed pseudo first-order kinetics. An experimental mechanism is proposed for the photochemical degradation of Erythrosin-B.

scholarly journals Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Malic Acid by N-Bromonicotinamide (NBN) in the Presence of a Micellar System

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
L. Pushpalatha
Keyword(s):  
Malic Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Zero Order ◽  
Micellar System ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Experimental Findings

The oxidation of malic acid by N-bromonicotinamide in the presence of micellar system is studied. First order kinetics with respect to NBN is observed. The kinetics results indicate that the first order kinetics in hydroxy acid at lower concentrations tends towards a zero order at its higher concentrations. Inverse fractional order in [H+] and [nicotinamide] are noted throughout its tenfold variation. Variation of [Hg (OAc)2] and ionic strength of the medium do not bring about any significant change in the rate of reaction. Rate of the reaction increases with a decrease in the percentage of acetic acid. Decrease in the rate constant was observed with the increase in [SDS]. The values of rate constants observed at four different temperatures were utilized to calculate the activation parameters. A suitable mechanism consistent with the experimental findings has been proposed.

scholarly journals Degradation and mineralization of violet-3B dye using C-N-codoped TiO2 photocatalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Audina Putri ◽  
Safni Safni ◽  
Novesar Jamarun ◽  
Upita Septiani ◽  
Moon-Kyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Organic Dye ◽  
Halogen Lamp ◽  
Acidic Ph ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Catalyst Dosage

The present study investigated the photodegradation of synthetic organic dye; violet-3B, without and with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst using a visible halogen-lamp as a light source. The catalyst was synthesized by using a peroxo sol-gel method with free-organic solvent. The effects of initial dye concentration, catalyst dosage, and pH solution on the photodegradation of violet-3B were examined. The efficiency of the photodegradation process for violet-3B dye was higher at neutral to less acidic pH. The kinetics reaction rate of photodegradation of violet-3B dye with the addition of C-N-codoped TiO<sub>2</sub> followed pseudo-first order kinetics represented by the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model, and increasing the initial concentration of dyes decreased rate constants of photodegradation. Photodegradation of 5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> violet-3B dye achieved 96% color removal within 240 min of irradiation in the presence of C-N-codoped TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst, and approximately 44% TOC was removed as a result of the mineralization.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R. Sridharan ◽  
N. Mathiyalagan
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Aqueous Acetic Acid ◽  
Kinetics Of Oxidation ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Retarding Effect ◽  
Kinetics Of

Kinetics of Oxidation of Benzoin by N. Bromosuccinimide[NBS] 80% aqueous acetic acid has been investigated. The reaction follows first-order kinetics with respect to both[NBS] and [benzoin]. The effect of varying ionic strength and dielectric constant indicate the reaction is dipole-dipole type. Addition of succinimide(>NH), has a retarding effect on the rate of oxidation. The product of oxidation is benzil. By studying the effect of temparature on the reaction rate, the Arrhenius and the activation parameters have been calculated. A suitable mechanism has been proposed and a rate low explaining the experiment results is derived.

scholarly journals QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON THE PROPERDIN-COMPLEMENT SYSTEM

1956 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myron A. Leon ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Complement System ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Quantitative Studies ◽  
Kinetics Of

Quantitative methods have been developed for the estimation of C'3 and properdin. With these methods, the kinetics of the over-all reaction between properdin, zymosan, and C'3 were investigated. The reaction followed first order kinetics, provided zymosan was in excess, and the serum not diluted beyond 1/4. The reaction rate was proportional to the temperature, and an activation energy of 20,500 calories/mole was found. The distinction between total properdin and available serum properdin is discussed.

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