Sugar-Cane Wax. II. An Examination of the Constituents of Sugar-Cane Cuticle Wax by Gas Chromatography

1960 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZH Kranz ◽  
JA Lamberton ◽  
KE Murray ◽  
AH Redcliffe
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Major Hydrocarbon ◽  
Long Chain

Sugar-cane cuticle wax previously found to consist of long-chain aldehydes, alcohols, acids, and hydrocarbons (Lamberton and Redcliffe 1960) has been re-examined by gas chromatography to identify and estimate the individual constituents. The aldehydes, alcohols, and acids, all straight chain, are principally of even carbon number in each instance with the C28 member predominant, but appreciable amounts of odd carbon homologues are also present. The hydrocarbons are also of odd and even carbon number but with the odd members in greater amounts and n-heptacosane as the major hydrocarbon constituent.

Studies in Waxes. XX. The Quantitative Analysis of Hydrolysed Carnauba Wax by Gas Chromatography

1961 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 619 ◽  
Author(s):  
DT Downing ◽  
ZH Kranz ◽  
KE Murray
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
Alkanoic Acids ◽  
Chain Lengths

The hydrolytic products of carnauba wax, previously shown to consist mainly of straight-chain alcohols, α,ω-diols, alkanoic acids, and ω-hydroxyalkanoic acids, have been reexamined by gas chromatographic methods to provide a qualitative and quantitative knowledge of the components. These components, shown to be almost entirely straight chain in character, are largely even carbon numbered compounds, but odd chain-lengths are present. The hydrocarbons are likewise of odd and even carbon number with the odd members (90%) predominating. An unidentified compound, possibly an unsaturated steroid diol, has been isolated from the unsaponifiable fraction.

The composition of Eucalyptus and some other leaf waxes

1964 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 464 ◽  
Author(s):  
DHS Horn ◽  
ZH Kranz ◽  
JA Lamberton
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Copper Complexes ◽  
Carbon Number ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Chain Length Distribution ◽  
Medium Chain Length ◽  
Long Chain

Many Eucalyptus waxes contain as major components long-chain β-diketones, which may be readily separated from the rest of the wax as insoluble copper complexes. The most commonly occurring β-diketone is n-tritriacontan-16,18-dione, but in two species, Eucalyptus risdoni and E. coccifera, β-diketones of shorter chain length predominate. From the waxes of several Eucalyptus species a new flavone, 5-hydroxy- 4',7-dimethoxy-6,8-dimethylflavone, and a new triterpene, 11,l2-dehydroursolic lactone acetate, have been isolated. Gas chromatography has been used to determine the chain length distribution of β-diketones, hydrocarbons, and esters from several waxes. The esterified alcohols of Eucalyptus globulus and E. risdoni belong to two series-long-chain n-alkan-1-ols of predominantly even carbon number, and n-alkan-2-ols of medium chain length and predominantly uneven carbon number (n-C9, n-C11, n-C13, and n-C15).

Volatile Secretions in Three Species of Dufourea (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) Bees: Chemical Composition and Phylogeny

1985 ◽  
Vol 40 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 657-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Tengö ◽  
I. Groth ◽  
G. Bergström ◽  
W. Schröder ◽  
S. Krohn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Mass Spectrometric Fragmentation ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Fragmentation Patterns ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Carboxylic Esters ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Volatile secretions from Dufour’s glands in three species of Dufourea bees, Dufourea (Halictoides) dentriventris (Nylander). D.(H.) inermis (Nylander) and D. (Dufourea) minuta Lepelletier have been studied by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. It was found that the secretions are composed of complex blends of straight chain saturated and unsaturated 2- and 3-ketones and scries of hexanoic and octanoic esters. Cephalic secretions from males and females of D.(H.) inermis and D.(D.) minuta contain sex- and species-specific blends of methylcarbinols and corresponding long chain carboxylic esters. Mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns of esters are described.

Dipole moments induced in larger molecule. Long-chain aliphatic esters

1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otto Exner ◽  
Ayfer Bapçum
Keyword(s):  
Benzene Solution ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Straight Chain ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
Donor Acceptor ◽  
Eyring Theory ◽  
Aliphatic Esters ◽  
Long Chain

Dipole moments of straight-chain aliphatic esters Ia-Ic and IIa-IIf were measured in benzene solution. The observed trends are poorly reproduced by the classical Smith-Eyring theory; the reason may be partly the unknown conformation, partly even donor-acceptor complexes with the solvent. No deviations were observed with the highest members of the series, attributable to violation of some basic assumptions of the theory of dielectrics.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Analysis of Antimicrobial Three Straight Chain 1,2-alkanediols in Cosmetics by Gas Chromatography

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Hoo Seob Lee ◽  
Sang Hun Lee ◽  
Eun Juk Kim ◽  
Cheol Hee Chung ◽  
Hyeong Bae Pyo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Simultaneous Analysis ◽  
Straight Chain

scholarly journals Fatty acids in intramuscular fat of Ile de France lambs in two different production systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-403
Author(s):  
Milan Margetín ◽  
Marta Oravcová ◽  
Jana Margetínová ◽  
Róbert Kubinec
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Longissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fa Composition ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract. The fatty acid (FA) composition in the intramuscular fat (IMF) of the musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) of Ile de France purebred lambs in two different production systems in Slovakia was evaluated using gas chromatography. In the first production system, lambs and ewes were assigned to pasture without access to concentrates (P). In the second system, lambs and ewes were confined indoors with hay/silage and access to concentrates (S). An analysis of variance with the following factors was employed: production system, sex, and production system–sex interactions. The proportions of arachidonic, eicosapentaeonic, docosapentaeonic, and docosahexaenoic FAs, i.e. long-chain polyunsaturated FA (PUFA), were significantly higher in P lambs (1.83, 0.82, 0.92, 0.29 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.45, 0.14, 0.30, 0.09 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), n-6 PUFA, n-3 PUFA, and essential FA (linoleic and α-linolenic) were also significantly higher in P lambs (2.10, 8.50, 4.55, and 8.80 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in S lambs (0.65, 3.27, 1.50, and 3.64 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportions of palmitic acid and myristic acid as important individual saturated FAs (SFA) were significantly higher in S lambs (28.51 and 8.30 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively) than in P lambs (21.80 and 5.63 g 100 g−1 FAME, respectively). The proportion of all SFAs was also significantly higher in S lambs (57.87 g 100 g−1 FAME) than in P lambs (48.70 g 100 g−1 FAME). From a nutrition and human health point of view (i.e. higher proportions of PUFA, CLA, and essential FAs and lower proportions of SFAs), meat from P lambs was found to be more favourable and would be more highly recommended for consumption.

scholarly journals MtrP, a putative methyltransferase in Corynebacteria, is required for optimal membrane transport of trehalose mycolates

2020 ◽  
Vol 295 (18) ◽  
pp. 6108-6119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arek K. Rainczuk ◽  
Stephan Klatt ◽  
Yoshiki Yamaryo-Botté ◽  
Rajini Brammananth ◽  
Malcolm J. McConville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Methyltransferase Activity ◽  
Mycolic Acids ◽  
Bacterial Cell Membrane ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cytoplasmic Side ◽  
Long Chain

Pathogenic bacteria of the genera Mycobacterium and Corynebacterium cause severe human diseases such as tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) and diphtheria (Corynebacterium diphtheriae). The cells of these species are surrounded by protective cell walls rich in long-chain mycolic acids. These fatty acids are conjugated to the disaccharide trehalose on the cytoplasmic side of the bacterial cell membrane. They are then transported across the membrane to the periplasm where they act as donors for other reactions. We have previously shown that transient acetylation of the glycolipid trehalose monohydroxycorynomycolate (hTMCM) enables its efficient transport to the periplasm in Corynebacterium glutamicum and that acetylation is mediated by the membrane protein TmaT. Here, we show that a putative methyltransferase, encoded at the same genetic locus as TmaT, is also required for optimal hTMCM transport. Deletion of the C. glutamicum gene NCgl2764 (Rv0224c in M. tuberculosis) abolished acetyltrehalose monocorynomycolate (AcTMCM) synthesis, leading to accumulation of hTMCM in the inner membrane and delaying its conversion to trehalose dihydroxycorynomycolate (h2TDCM). Complementation with NCgl2764 normalized turnover of hTMCM to h2TDCM. In contrast, complementation with NCgl2764 derivatives mutated at residues essential for methyltransferase activity failed to rectify the defect, suggesting that NCgl2764/Rv0224c encodes a methyltransferase, designated here as MtrP. Comprehensive analyses of the individual mtrP and tmaT mutants and of a double mutant revealed strikingly similar changes across several lipid classes compared with WT bacteria. These findings indicate that both MtrP and TmaT have nonredundant roles in regulating AcTMCM synthesis, revealing additional complexity in the regulation of trehalose mycolate transport in the Corynebacterineae.

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