The spectra and equilibria of nitrosonium ion, nitroacidium ion, and nitrous acid in solutions of sulphuric, hydrochloric, and phosporic acids

1956 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bayliss ◽  
DW Watts
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Ultraviolet Spectrum ◽  
Total Conversion ◽  
Activity Data ◽  
Chloride Activity ◽  
Nitrosonium Ion ◽  
High Chloride ◽  
Important Constituent

The ultraviolet spectrum of sodium nitrite in aqueous sulphuric acid is essentially that of nitrous acid below 40 per cent, acid, and that of nitrosonium ion above 70 per cant. acid. In the intermediate range there is evidence that the nitroacidium ion (H2NO2+) is an important constituent of the solution. Equilibria involving the three species have been calculated using activity data for water and sulphuric acid. Similar results are obtained in aqueous phosphoric acid as a solvent. In hydrochloric acid of low water activity the high chloride activity causes what appears to be almost total conversion to nitrosyl chloride. The ultraviolet spectrum of the nitrosonium ion is a structureless transition with εmax.=3850 at about 46 kK (2200 Ǻ). The nitroacidium ion does not absorb appreciably within the accessible range.

The Spectrophotometry of Sodium Nitrite Solutions in Aqueous Sulphuric and Perchloric Acids and the Equilibrium between Nitrosonium Ion and Nitrous Acid

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 933 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Bayliss ◽  
R Dingle ◽  
DW Watts ◽  
RJ Wilkie
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Nitrite ◽  
Perchloric Acid ◽  
Nitrous Acid ◽  
Experimental Error ◽  
Equilibrium Constants ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Nitrosonium Ion

The spectra of solutions of sodium nitrite in aqueous solutions of sulphuric and perchloric acids have been measured at a number of temperatures, and from these spectra the concentrations of the species HNO2 and NO+ have been calculated over the acid-concentration ranges 0-100% sulphuric acid (by wt.) and 0-72% perchloric acid (by wt.). The changes due to temperature were found to be less than the experimental error in the determination of the concentrations of nitrous acid and nitrosonium ion. The equilibria of importance in such systems are discussed and equilibrium constants have been calculated for the reactions H2SO4 + HNO2 <=> H2O + NO+ + HSO4- and HClO4 + HNO2 H2O + NO+ + ClO4- Attempts have been made to correlate the determined values for the concentration of nitrous acid and nitrosonium ion with the acidity functions J0, C0, and Hr for both solvent systems. The nitroacidium ion (H2NO2+) in these systems is found to be less important than previously thought.'

scholarly journals Electrical response of the Summit-Greenland ice core to ammonium, sulphuric acid, and hydrochloric acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 565-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
John C. Moore ◽  
Eric W. Wolff ◽  
Henrik B. Clausen ◽  
Claus U. Hammer ◽  
Michel R. Legrand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Electrical Response ◽  
Ice Core

scholarly journals Acid and Enzymatic Hydrolyses of Rice Bran for Bioethanol Production

ALCHEMY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Dewi Yuliani ◽  
Khoirul Achmad Julianto ◽  
Akyunul Jannah
Keyword(s):  
Enzymatic Hydrolysis ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Acid Hydrolysis ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Dilute Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzyme ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
By Products ◽  
Sugar Source

<p class="BodyAbstract">Rice bran is one among many agricultural by-products containing ~50-60 wt.% of carbohydrate. The carbohydrate is a prominent sugar source for bioethanol production. The objective of this research was to study bioethanol production from rice bran by acid and enzymatic treatment. The variations of acid used were dilute hydrochloric acid and sulphuric acid, while variations of enzyme used were amylolytic and cellulolytic enzyme. Ethanol production of acid-hydrolyzed rice bran was 24.95±1.61% (v/v) by hydrochloric acid and 29.57±2.04% (v/v) by sulphuric acid. Ethanol produced by enzymatic hydrolysis was quite low i.e. 6.7±0.04%, and 8.86±0.29% (v/v) for amylolytic and cellulolytic hydrolysate, respectively.</p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><p>Keywords: Bioethanol, rice bran, acid hydrolysis, enzymatic hydrolysis</p>

scholarly journals Corrosion Behavior of Copper and Carbon Steel in Acidic Media

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1577-1582
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Corrosion Behavior ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Acidic Media ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Weight Loss Method ◽  
Acid Environment ◽  
Loss Method

The corrosion behavior of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) has been studied. The corrosion inhibition of copper and carbon steel in 1M concentration of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) by Ciprofloxacin has been investigated. Specimens were exposed in the acidic media for 7 hours and corrosion rates evaluated by using the weight loss method. The effect of temperature (from 283 ºK to 333 ºK), pH (from 1to 6), inhibitor concentration (10-4 to 10-2) has been studied. It was observed that sulphuric acid environment was most corrosive to the metals because of its oxidizing nature, followed by hydrochloric acid. The rate of metal dissolution increased with increasing exposure time. Corrosion rates of carbon steel in the acidic media found to be higher.

THE SORPTION OF ACIDS BY WOOL

1949 ◽  
Vol 27b (12) ◽  
pp. 879-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Donovan ◽  
P. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Sodium Sulphate ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Langmuir Equation ◽  
Recent Application ◽  
Satisfactory Explanation ◽  
Isotherm Equation ◽  
Langmuir Adsorption

The amount of acid sorbed by wool from solutions of sulphuric acid of four different strengths (namely, 0.0505, 0.0339, 0.0182, and 0.0101 molar) and containing sodium sulphate in amounts varying up to 0.16 molar has been determined. It has been found that the presence of the salt has little effect on the quantity of acid sorbed within those limits. The results are analyzed in the light of the theory of Gilbert and Rideal but this theory fails to give a satisfactory explanation of the results obtained. It is possible, however, to explain the results of the authors' experiments on the basis of the recent application of the Donnan equilibrium by Peters and Speakman. The Langmuir adsorption isotherm equation has been applied to data on the absorption of hydrochloric acid and of sulphuric acid by wool. The data appear to fit the Langmuir equation and give, for the maximum combining capacity, values that agree well with those estimated in other ways.

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