scholarly journals The Challenge of Storage in the Hydrogen Energy Cycle: Nanostructured Hydrides as a Potential Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 656 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M. Hanlon ◽  
Hazel Reardon ◽  
Nuria Tapia-Ruiz ◽  
Duncan H. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Energy Cycle ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Performance ◽  
Hydrogen Cycle ◽  
Further Development

Hydrogen has the capacity to provide society with the means to carry ‘green’ energy between the point of generation and the point of use. A sustainable energy society in which a hydrogen economy predominates will require renewable generation provided, for example, by artificial photosynthesis and clean, efficient energy conversion effected, for example, by hydrogen fuel cells. Vital in the hydrogen cycle is the ability to store hydrogen safely and effectively. Solid-state storage in hydrides enables this but no material yet satisfies all the demands associated with storage density and hydrogen release and uptake; particularly for mobile power. Nanochemical design methods present potential routes to overcome the thermodynamic and kinetic hurdles associated with solid state storage in hydrides. In this review we discuss strategies of nanosizing, nanoconfinement, morphological/dimensional control, and application of nanoadditives on the hydrogen storage performance of metal hydrides. We present recent examples of how such approaches can begin to address the challenges and an evaluation of prospects for further development.

scholarly journals Opportunities for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-103
Author(s):  
A. A. Cheltybashev ◽  
Ia. M. Karachentseva
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Efficient Method ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel Cells ◽  
Hydrogen Fuel ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Murmansk Region

THE PURPOSE. To analyze the perspectives for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region. To consider the possibility of implementing projects for producing "green" hydrogen for industrial using. METHODS. The method of analysis of literature sources in the field of hydrogen energy was used, as well as the method of generalizing the information obtained. RESULTS. The article describes the relevance of the topic, studies the global trend towards the transition to "green" energy. The methods of producing hydrogen are considered. The most environmentally friendly and efficient method for the production of industrial hydrogen has been identified, and possible sources of its production have been considered. CONCLUSION. As a result of the analysis of the prospects for the development of hydrogen energy in the Murmansk region, the prerequisites for the production of "green" hydrogen on an industrial scale are revealed. Possible sources for its production are listed. The article provides an example of the implementation of a project to create an international scientific research station on the territory of the Murmansk region, where hydrogen fuel cells will be used.

Hydrogen energy cycle: An overview

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3180-3187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Ohi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogen Economy ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Point Of Use ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Energy Cycle

This overview will describe briefly key segments of the hydrogen energy cycle from production using various feedstocks to its end use in fuel cells to generate electrical and thermal energy. The paper will also discuss the larger societal context, the so-called “hydrogen economy,” in which such production and use of hydrogen may take place. Although most of the public attention on hydrogen has been focused on its potential as an alternative energy source to petroleum and other fossil fuels, a hydrogen economy will encompass much more than a substitution of one energy source by another. Widespread use of hydrogen as an energy carrier can transform our society in much the same way that personal computing technologies have. This transforming power arises from the unique capability of hydrogen to link renewable energy resources and zero-emission energy conversion technologies. Hydrogen can be produced from locally available renewable resources, such as solar, wind, biomass, and water, and converted to electricity or fuel at or near the point of use with only heat and water vapor as “emissions.” Hydrogen also lies at the confluence of two emerging trends that will shape our energy future during the first quarter of this century: greater reliance on renewable energy sources and the shift from large, centralized power plants to smaller, decentralized facilities located at or near the point of use. This paper describes these emerging trends and the role of hydrogen in linking them in a way that could transform our society.

Promoted hydrogen release from ammonia borane with mannitolvia a solid-state reaction route

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuede Pan ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Yanliang Liang ◽  
Zhanliang Tao ◽  
Jun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Solid State Reaction ◽  
Ammonia Borane ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Reaction Route ◽  
Solid State Reaction Route

CATALYTIC PROPERTIES OF Ni-V COATING IN THE PROCESS OF HYDROGEN RELEASE

2021 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
N. Rudenko ◽  
S. Leshchenko ◽  
Yu. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Voltage Drop ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Alkaline Electrolysis ◽  
Electrolytic Alloys ◽  
Steel Electrodes

Solar and hydrogen energy play an important role in providing a variety of industrial facilities with electricity and heat. One of the priorities of modern industry is to increase the production of environmentally friendly energy source – electrochemical synthesis of hydrogen. Modern methods of electrolysis of water do not meet the need for its use, due to the high cost of electrosynthesis of water-alkaline electrolysis, which depends on the material and energy consumption of electrolysis. The useful energy consumption for the production of energy – hydrogen at the cathode and "unnecessary" costs - for the release of oxygen at the anode, depend on the overvoltage of the respective reactions. Therefore, the most important problem of hydrogen energy is the synthesis of electrode materials with low overvoltage of O2 and H2. Electrode materials with low overvoltage will reduce the specific consumption of electricity in obtaining hydrogen by "classical" electrolysis. The prospects of reducing the cathodic and anodic overvoltage, which is a significant part of the voltage at the terminals of the cell, for the development of highly efficient and competitive technologies for hydrogen production by low-temperature electrolysis of an alkaline solution have been theoretically substantiated and experimentally confirmed. To reduce the overvoltage of the cathodic hydrogen evolution, it is proposed to modify the surface of the cathodes. The application of a small amount of electrolytic alloys of metals of the iron family with molybdenum and tungsten on nickel, cobalt, titanium and steel electrodes significantly (by 40–50 %) reduces the overvoltage of cathodic release of hydrogen from alkali solution. The use of steel electrodes, the surface of which is modified with vanadium and ni-ckel, reduces the voltage drop on the cell during the synthesis of H2 and O2 by 0.2–0.3 V, which creates conditions for reducing energy costs and energy savings.

scholarly journals ВИКОРИСТАННЯ СПРОЩЕНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ АГРОВИРОБНИКАМИ

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
Т. В. Калінеску ◽  
С. С. Пономарьова
Keyword(s):  
Green Energy ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Light Industry ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Basic Hypothesis ◽  
Taxation System ◽  
Tax Payers ◽  
Further Development

It is examined the influence of the simplified taxation system on stimulation of home agro business development. The aim of the article is research of the existent taxation system of agro producers and optimization of the tax pressure on the payers of the united tax. Methodological basis of research became the modern theories of taxation and finances in the conditions of global calls, climatic risks and necessities of home and foreign consumers. In undertaken studies the used methods of dialectics, methods and principles of scientific cognition and instruments of analysis the systems for the exposure of influence the simplified system of taxation on activity of agro producers. The basic hypothesis of research became supposition that optimization of the tax loading on agro producers must take a place with a selection of volumes of possessing agricultural resources, prepared products and level of the got profits. Exposition of basic material. It is educed that development and total revenue of agro industrial enterprises depend from the level of taxation of their activity, but sum prepaid tax by the agrarian enterprises does not depend from the got profits and does not answer principles of regulative function of taxes. Originality and practical meaningfulness of research are confirmed by the ground analysis of agro producer’s activity, which work for the simplified system of taxation. An proposed differentiation the united tax payers of 4-th group has the applied value, and similar approach can be used for determination of rates the other groups of the simplified system of taxation. Conclusions and prospects of further researches. An offer groupie of agro producers, which work for the simplified system of taxation, will allow bringing down the tax pressure, stimulating further development of agrarian business in the direction of accordance the European standards of agro products quality. Further researches will be sent to the improvement of the simplified system of taxation of stimulation and development of complete cycle of agribusiness beginning from growing of products, processing and, ending, by an eventual consumption is not only food industry, but other industries of national economy, like light industry, green energy and tourism.

scholarly journals Utilizing the Combined Power of Theory and Experiment to Understand Molecular Structure – Solid-State and Gas-Phase Investigation of Morpholine Borane

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 794
Author(s):  
Aliyu M. Ja'o ◽  
Derek A. Wann ◽  
Conor D. Rankine ◽  
Matthew I. J. Polson ◽  
Sarah L. Masters
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Dehydrogenation Reaction ◽  
Quantum Chemical Methods

The molecular structure of morpholine borane complex has been studied in the solid state and gas phase using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, gas electron diffraction, and computational methods. Despite both the solid-state and gas-phase structures adopting the same conformation, a definite decrease in the B–N bond length of the solid-state structure was observed. Other structural variations in the different phases are presented and discussed. To explore the hydrogen storage potential of morpholine borane, the potential energy surface for the uncatalyzed and BH3-catalyzed pathways, as well as the thermochemistry for the hydrogen release reaction, were investigated using accurate quantum chemical methods. It was observed that both the catalyzed and uncatalyzed dehydrogenation pathways are favourable, with a barrier lower than the B–N bond dissociation energy, thus indicating a strong propensity for the complex to release a hydrogen molecule rather than dissociate along the B–N bond axis. A minimal energy requirement for the dehydrogenation reaction has been shown. The reaction is close to thermoneutral as demonstrated by the calculated dehydrogenation reaction energies, thus implying that this complex could demonstrate potential for future on-board hydrogen generation.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Hydrogen Generation from Oxidation of Hydrogenated Silicon Nanocrystals in Aqueous Solutions

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauhar Mussabek ◽  
Sergei A. Alekseev ◽  
Anton I. Manilov ◽  
Sergii Tutashkonko ◽  
Tetyana Nychyporuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silicon Nanocrystals ◽  
Silicon Nanoparticles ◽  
Hydrogen Generation ◽  
Hydrogen Release ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Hydrogenated Silicon ◽  
Energy Applications ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Silicon Nanopowders

Hydrogen generation rate is one of the most important parameters which must be considered for the development of engineering solutions in the field of hydrogen energy applications. In this paper, the kinetics of hydrogen generation from oxidation of hydrogenated porous silicon nanopowders in water are analyzed in detail. The splitting of the Si-H bonds of the nanopowders and water molecules during the oxidation reaction results in powerful hydrogen generation. The described technology is shown to be perfectly tunable and allows us to manage the kinetics by: (i) varying size distribution and porosity of silicon nanoparticles; (ii) chemical composition of oxidizing solutions; (iii) ambient temperature. In particular, hydrogen release below 0 °C is one of the significant advantages of such a technological way of performing hydrogen generation.

Conception and numerical simulation of heat and mass transfer in a solid state hydrogen storage reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 20902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amine Alaoui-Belghiti ◽  
Mourad Rkhis ◽  
Said Laasri ◽  
Abdelowahed Hajjaji ◽  
Mohamed Eljouad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Physical Phenomenon ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Momentum Balance ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Hydrogen Supply ◽  
Hydrogen Storage Performance ◽  
The Impact

Nowadays energy storage seems to be a vital point in any new energy paradigm. It has become an important and strategic issue, to ensure the energetic sufficiency of humanity. Indeed, hydrogen storage in solids has been proved and revealed as clean and efficient energy storage. Moreover, it can be thought as a seriously considered solution to enable renewable energy to be a part of our quotidian life. To achieve storing hydrogen in solid form, the present study aimed to concepts and simulates a solid-state hydrogen storage reactor (tank). An investigation of the parameters influencing the hydrogen storage performance is carried out. Meanwhile, to understand the physical phenomenon taking place during the storage of hydrogen, a 2D numerical modelling for a metal hydrides-based in hydrogen reactor is presented. A strong coupling between energy balance, kinetic law, as well as a mass momentum balance at sorbent bed temperature under a non-uniform pressure was resolved based on finite element method. The temporal evolutions of pressure, the raising temperature in the bed during the hydriding process as well as the impact of the hydrogen supply pressure within the tank are analysed and validated by comparison with the experimental work in literature, a good agreement is obtained. From an industrial point of view, this study can be used to design and manufacture an optimal solid-state hydrogen storage reactor.

scholarly journals Exploring the Self-Assembled Tacticity in Aurophilic Polymeric Arrangements of Diphosphanegold(I) Fluorothiolates

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (23) ◽  
pp. 4422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moreno-Alcántar ◽  
Salazar ◽  
Romo-Islas ◽  
Flores-Álamo ◽  
Torrens
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Supramolecular Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ligand Effects ◽  
Rational Control ◽  
Solid State Structures ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Aurophilic Interactions

Despite the recurrence of aurophilic interactions in the solid-state structures of gold(I) compounds, its rational control, modulation, and application in the generation of functional supramolecular structures is an area that requires further development. The ligand effects over the aurophilic-based supramolecular structures need to be better understood. This paper presents the supramolecular structural diversity of a series of new 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphane)propane (dppp) gold(I) fluorinated thiolates with the general formula [Au2(SRF)2(μ-dppp)] (SRF = SC6F5 (1); SC6HF4-4 (2); SC6H3(CF3)2-3,5 (3); SC6H4CF3-2 (4); SC6H4CF3-4 (5); SC6H3F2-3,4 (6); SC6H3F2-3,5 (7); SC6H4F-2 (8); SC6H4F-3 (9); SC6H4F-4 (10)). These compounds were synthesized and characterized, and six of their solid-state crystalline structures were determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In the crystalline arrangement, they form aurophilic-bridged polymers. In these systems, the changes in the fluorination patterns of the thiolate ligands tune the aurophilic-induced self-assembly of the compounds causing tacticity and chiral differentiation of the monomers. This is an example of the use of ligand effects on the tune of the supramolecular association of gold complexes.

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