Heritable Chilling Tolerance Improvement in Rice Through Somaclonal Variation and Cell Line Selection

1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Bertin ◽  
JM Kinet ◽  
J Bouharmont
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Chilling Stress ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Tolerance Improvement

Embryo-derived calli of four rice varieties (Oryza sativa L.) were submitted to different continuous or discontinuous periods of chilling stress at 4°C, with a total length varying from 2 to 6 weeks. Other calli were cultivated during different times without cold stress. The reduction of plant regeneration percentages induced by low temperature was more pronounced in the more cold-sensitive varieties. Regenerated plants (R0) and their descendants in R1, R2 and R3 generations were cold-screened together with control plants. A mass selection was applied to the control plants during three successive generations. In all varieties, significantly higher chilling survival rates were obtained in R3 with in vitro grown plants than with control plants. Higher plant survival rates were obtained with the more chilling-sensitive varieties when a short discontinuous chilling treatment or no treatment had been applied, with the intermediate variety with short or intermediate treatments, and with the more cold-tolerant variety with longer, continuous treatments. The relative importance of pre-existing versus in vitro-induced variation and of epigenetic versus heritable variation, along with the significance of such cold tolerance improvement for breeding purposes are discussed.

Utilisation of anther culture in rice (Oryza sativa L.) breeding in Italy

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 911 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Callegarin ◽  
K Perfanov ◽  
G Dorotea ◽  
G Baldi
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Hybrid Lines

Increasing market demand has led to efforts to select for non-sticky, long-grain rice varieties suited to the Italian environment. The variability of recombinant populations derived from crosses between Italian and USA genotypes was exploited. Together with the conventional breeding methods, in vitro anther culture was used to obtain homozygous lines from crosses more quickly. Moreover, hybrid lines were obtained from crosses otherwise impossible to exploit owing to sterility in the F, generation (namely those resulting from crosses involving semi-dwarf USA varieties). Plant regeneration was obtained from 6 F, hybrids whose parents were chosen for their grain quality or their suitability to the Italian environment. About 5500 plantlets were regenerated. Of these, 1000 were albino, and about 50% of the green ones died after transplanting into soil; 65% of the surviving plants were sterile, so about 1000 progeny were obtained (30-445 for each cross). Progeny with desirable characteristics were evaluated for agronomic traits. On the basis of these results, limits and possibilities of anther-culture breeding in rice are discussed.

Breeding creeping-rooted lucerne for the subtropics

1967 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 891 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA Edye ◽  
KP Haydock
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Adventitious Shoots ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Successive Generations ◽  
Seed Yields ◽  
Better Than

A lucerne-breeding programme was undertaken at Lawes, south-eastern Queensland, to transfer the creeping-rooted habit from Heinrichs's Canadian strains to subtropical lucerne varieties. Before intensive selection commenced, the inheritance and association of three characters, summer yield, winter yield, and the number of extra crowns originating as adventitious shoots from roots, were determined in the F2 and F3 generations. The F2 genotypic variances for summer yield, winter yield, and number of extra crowns were predominantly additive and were respectively 81, 53, and 54% of their phenotypic variances. The genotypic correlation coefficient for winter yield and number of extra crowns was negative ( rG = –0.18), consisting of a negative additive correlation rg = –0.55 and a positive non-additive correlation rs = 0.50. In the F3 generation the approximate genotypic correlation for these two characters was small and positive and composed of a nearly zero additive correlation and a high positive non-additive correlation. Simultaneous mass selection for summer yield, winter yield. and creeping-rootedness was undertaken in the F3 generation, and the combining ability variances and covariances for these characters were studied in the F4 generation. All three variables were positively associated in their general and specific effects, and the majority of families did not differ significantly from Hunter River in winter and summer yield. The seed production of ten F4 families was studied and it was found that eight families were significantly lower seed producers than Hunter River, their seed yields ranging from 20 to 47% of the mean for Hunter River. Covariance analysis showed seed yield and number of extra crowns to be negatively associated in the F4 generation. The changes in creeping-rootedness in the successive generations F1 to F5 were 2, 9, 34, 19, and 59% compared with a mean of 4% for Heinrichs's Canadian strains at Lawes. Creeping-rooted individuals survived better than non-creeping-rooted plants of similar genotype and better than Hunter River, particularly in the F4 generation, where the respective survival rates were 75, 27, and 23% 19 months after transplanting in the field

scholarly journals Optimization of in vitro regeneration protocol for a popular Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. cv Swarna)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 1395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijaya Naresh Juturu ◽  
Gopala Krishna Mekala ◽  
Mallikarjuna Garladinne ◽  
Puli Chandra Obul Reddy ◽  
Akila Chandra Sekhar*
Keyword(s):  
Callus Induction ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Indica Rice ◽  
In Vitro Regeneration ◽  
Regeneration System ◽  
Embryogenic Calli ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Regenerated Plants ◽  
Rooting Medium

Though regeneration system in rice has been very well established compare to other crop plants, the fact remains that, most of the indica rice varieties are still recalcitrant for regeneration and genetic transformation. Therefore, refinement of tissue culture protocol for generation of embryogenic calli and regeneration of the fertile plants from a single cell should be a pre requisite event for development of transgenic plants. Here, in this study we reported high frequency robust regeneration protocols for a popular Indica cultivar Swarna.Mature seeds were used as initial material as explants. Highest callus induction % was observed in MSCIMP medium containing 2.0 mg-1 2,4, D + 0.5 mg-1 Kn as phytohormonal combinations. In addition, maximum regeneration was observed in 2.0 mg-l KN + 0.5 mg-l NAA. Regenerated plants were shifted to rooting medium followed by polyhouse for hardening. The callus induction and regeneration reported in this study were well suited for transformation agronomical important genes or functional genomics studies.

Physiological Characterisation of Salt-resistant Rice (Oryza sativa) Somaclones

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Lutts ◽  
Jules Bouharmont ◽  
Jean-Marie Kinet
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Nacl Stress ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Culture Techniques

The progenies of 90 R0 plants regenerated from mature embryo-derived rice (Oryza sativa L.) calli obtained from two cultivars (I Kong Pao, salt-sensitive and Aiwu, moderately resistant) exposed to NaCl stress at various steps of in vitro culture, were screened for their salinity resistance in nutritive solution. Sixteen R1 families presented a higher survival rate in stress conditions than their corresponding initial cultivar and several of them exhibited an improvement in the mean number of spikelets per panicle and total grain weight produced per stressed plant. In four cases, the better behaviour of the somaclonal family could be related to physiological modifications such as a higher K+ :Na+ discrimination, preferential Na+ accumulation in the oldest leaves, lower decrease in cell membrane stability or higher tissue tolerance to internal Na+ accumulation. In some cases, these physiological properties were transmitted to R2 progenies. Heritabilities of yield-related parameters were quantified in control and stress conditions. The relationships between these parameters and the physiological behaviour of stressed material are discussed in relation to the effectiveness of in vitro culture techniques for the selection of salt-resistant plants in rice compared with a simple mass selection.

Plant regeneration from mature embryo-derived callus of Australian rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties

2000 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Azria ◽  
Prem L. Bhalla
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Shoot Formation ◽  
Mature Embryo ◽  
Multiple Shoot ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Shoot Initiation

In vitro plant regeneration from callus induced from embryos of mature seeds of 4 Australian varieties of rice was studied. Observations of callus induction on MS and N6 media indicated that MS medium supplemented with 0.5–2 mg/L of 2,4-D is suitable for callus formation from the varieties tested. Comparison of shoot initiation on medium containing BAP, BAP + NAA, and TDZ + NAA indicated that these varieties prefer BAP + NAA or TDZ + NAA in the shoot initiation medium. Partial desiccation, resulting in up to 20% loss of fresh weight of callus, significantly increased the regeneration frequency of the 4 rice varieties tested. The varieties showed varied response to number of shoots produced per callus. Regenerated shoots were rooted on plant growth regulator free medium. The plants regenerated were phenotypically normal and fertile. Our study showed that callus derived from mature embryos of these rice varieties are amenable to multiple shoot formation, and could be used for genetic transformation studies.

scholarly journals Rice gamete technologies as the aspect of biologization of agroecosystems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.G. Savenko ◽  
◽  
V.A. Glazyrina ◽  
L.A. Shundrina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Callus Formation ◽  
Doubled Haploids ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Economically Valuable Traits ◽  
Dh Lines ◽  
Short Time

In vitro gamete technologies are an important source for breeders allowing rapid creation of stable genetic diversity. In addition, biotechnologies are environmentally friendly, resource- and energy-saving. These factors are the basis for the biologization and greening of agriculture. Oryza sativa L. is responsive to the anther culture (AC) in vitro, hence it became possible to obtain doubled haploids (DH) in mass quantity during the year (E.P. Aleshin et al., 1988; R.G. Butenko et al., 1990; T.I. Ditchenko, 2007). This is due to the genetic determination of the processes of callus formation and regeneration. In massive quantities, doubled rice haploids were created. Based on the results of field tests, rice varieties ‘Sonata’, ‘Sonnet’, ‘Ivushka’, ‘Privolny-4’, and ‘Vodopad’ were selected from promising DH lines with a set of economically valuable traits in a short time. They successfully passed breeding tests and are introduced into rice-growing farms of the Krasnodar region.

Ultrastructural Changes in Three Different Mammalian Cells Following Ultraviolet Laser Irradiation

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 350-351
Author(s):  
K. Shankar Narayan ◽  
Kailash C. Gupta ◽  
Tohru Okigaki
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Light ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Chinese Hamster ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Ultraviolet Laser

The biological effects of short-wave ultraviolet light has generally been described in terms of changes in cell growth or survival rates and production of chromosomal aberrations. Ultrastructural changes following exposure of cells to ultraviolet light, particularly at 265 nm, have not been reported.We have developed a means of irradiating populations of cells grown in vitro to a monochromatic ultraviolet laser beam at a wavelength of 265 nm based on the method of Johnson. The cell types studies were: i) WI-38, a human diploid fibroblast; ii) CMP, a human adenocarcinoma cell line; and iii) Don C-II, a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell strain. The cells were exposed either in situ or in suspension to the ultraviolet laser (UVL) beam. Irradiated cell populations were studied either "immediately" or following growth for 1-8 days after irradiation.Differential sensitivity, as measured by survival rates were observed in the three cell types studied. Pattern of ultrastructural changes were also different in the three cell types.

scholarly journals Sept8/SEPTIN8 involvement in cellular structure and kidney damage is identified by genetic mapping and a novel human tubule hypoxic model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory R. Keele ◽  
Jeremy W. Prokop ◽  
Hong He ◽  
Katie Holl ◽  
John Littrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Linear Mixed Effect Model ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Tubulointerstitial Injury ◽  
Heritable Variation ◽  
Mixed Effect

AbstractChronic kidney disease (CKD), which can ultimately progress to kidney failure, is influenced by genetics and the environment. Genes identified in human genome wide association studies (GWAS) explain only a small proportion of the heritable variation and lack functional validation, indicating the need for additional model systems. Outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats have been used for genetic fine-mapping of complex traits, but have not previously been used for CKD traits. We performed GWAS for urinary protein excretion (UPE) and CKD related serum biochemistries in 245 male HS rats. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified using a linear mixed effect model that tested for association with imputed genotypes. Candidate genes were identified using bioinformatics tools and targeted RNAseq followed by testing in a novel in vitro model of human tubule, hypoxia-induced damage. We identified two QTL for UPE and five for serum biochemistries. Protein modeling identified a missense variant within Septin 8 (Sept8) as a candidate for UPE. Sept8/SEPTIN8 expression increased in HS rats with elevated UPE and tubulointerstitial injury and in the in vitro hypoxia model. SEPTIN8 is detected within proximal tubule cells in human kidney samples and localizes with acetyl-alpha tubulin in the culture system. After hypoxia, SEPTIN8 staining becomes diffuse and appears to relocalize with actin. These data suggest a role of SEPTIN8 in cellular organization and structure in response to environmental stress. This study demonstrates that integration of a rat genetic model with an environmentally induced tubule damage system identifies Sept8/SEPTIN8 and informs novel aspects of the complex gene by environmental interactions contributing to CKD risk.

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