Reproductive-Biology of the Australian Species of the Genus Pandorea (Bignoniaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA James ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

We studied the reproductive biology of Australian species of Pandorea to facilitate a breeding program designed to develop elite cultivars for the horticultural industry. P. pandorana is protogynous whereas anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity occur at the same time in P. jasminoides and P. baileyana. The stigmas of all species are receptive prior to anthesis and can be artificially pollinated at this stage provided that the stigma lobes can be separated. Pollen viability, tested for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, deteriorated during the flower life although pollen samples with a low Fluorescein diacetate response (5-14%) still produced many pollen tubes which grew to the base of the style. For all species tested, pollen tubes grew into the ovary in both outcross pollinations and in self pollinations which are known to be incompatible indicating that the incompatibility barrier is within the ovary. Pollen-ovule ratios, determined for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, were low compared with other published pollen-ovules ratios for taxa with breeding systems based on outcrossing.

scholarly journals Nocturnal and diurnal pollination in Copaifera coriacea, a dominant species in sand dunes of the Middle São Francisco River Basin, Northeastern Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-216
Author(s):  
Isys Mascarenhas Souza ◽  
Frederic Mendes Hughes ◽  
Ligia Silveira Funch ◽  
Luciano Paganucci de Queiroz
Keyword(s):  
Uv Light ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Flower Opening ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Floral Visitors

Background and aims – Copaifera coriacea, a species in the resin-producing clade Detarioideae (Leguminosae), is an endemic and abundant species found in sand dunes in Brazilian Caatinga domain vegetation – a Quaternary paleodesert. We investigated floral traits and aspects of pollination biology, focusing on the pollination system of C. coriacea. Material and methods – Anthesis duration, stigma receptivity, pollen viability, nectar concentration, and the presence of osmophores and pigments reflecting UV light were assessed. Floral visitors were classified as potential pollinators, occasional pollinators or thieves, based on the time and foraging behaviour and resource collected. Pollination effectiveness were assessed for potential pollinators by the detection of pollen tubes on the stigma or stylar canal by epifluorescence microscopy.Key results – The species has white and small flowers, with anthesis beginning in the dark (ca 00:30) and the flowers are completely opened approximately 3 h later, when a sweet odour is perceptible. The onset of stigma receptivity and pollen grain viability occurs only after the completion of flower opening, and a concentrated nectar is available during the day. The presence of pollen tubes confirmed the efficiency of the main insects in the transfer of pollen. Conclusion – Our result demonstrates that C. coriacea has a generalist pollination system mediated mainly by two distinct guilds of insect pollinators: moths (nocturnal, searching for nectar) and bees (diurnal, pollen collectors). This finding can provide more information about diversification in the genus Copaifera.

Reproductive Biology and Floral Phenologies of the Sympatric Species Leptospermum myrsinoides and L. continentale (Myrtaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 527 ◽  
Author(s):  
SP Obrien ◽  
DM Calder
Keyword(s):  
Flowering Time ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Floral Structure ◽  
Days After Anthesis ◽  
Degree Of Overlap

The reproductive biology and floral phenologies of co-occurring Leptospermum myrsinoides and L. continentale were investigated. Both species have similar floral structure and both are protandrous. Anther dehiscence is staggered over approximately 6 days and pollen viability remains high for at least 3 days. The styles of both species are short at anthesis but extend during the next 6 days to approximately the same height as the anthers. The stigmas of these species do not achieve maximum receptivity until at least 4 days after anthesis. Both species are self-compatible. At the three sites studied, L. myrsinoides and L. continentale have separate flowering times with L. myrsinoides always flowering first. Within populations of each species, plants reached first flower and peak flower in the same order in 1989 and 1990, implying genetic control over flowering time. It is suggested that protandry in these species enhances the likelihood of outcrossing and the staggered release of pollen coupled with the degree of overlap within flowering populations increases the number of potential mates available to each flower.

A study of the reproductive biology of blue-flowered Conospermum species (Proteaceae)

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynley M. Stone ◽  
Kevin A. Seaton ◽  
Margaret Byrne ◽  
Jen A. McComb
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Seed Progeny ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Open Set ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Insect Pollinators

Blue-flowered Conospermum species are endemic to Western Australia, and are highly sought after in the horticulture industry. Aspects of the reproductive biology of several species were investigated. The paniculate inflorescences of Conospermum eatoniae E.Pritz. contain 6–10 florets; however, the uppermost two or three florets never open and only the basal one or two florets in an inflorescence set seed. When insect pollinators are excluded, flowers do not self-pollinate and set seed. Stigma receptivity occurred for up to 6 days following triggering of the style and was variable between C. eatoniae, C. amoenum Meisn. subsp. amoenum, C. caeruleum R.Br. and C. brownii Meisn. Hand-pollination with 10 pollen genotypes and two maternal C. eatoniae parents showed that although pollen tubes were observed in the style, no seed was set. Genetic analysis of open-set seed progeny showed that C. eatoniae outcrossed infrequently when grown in clonal rows in a plantation, but outcrossing was common in wild plants. This study demonstrates that the reproductive biology of blue-flowered Conospermum is complex and requires further investigation if the species are to be widely cultivated for horticulture.

scholarly journals Floral biology and breeding system of endangered species: Parmentiera cereifera Seem. (Bignoniaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Janis Damaiyani
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Breeding System ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Temporal Separation ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Flower Biology ◽  
The Family

Parmentiera cereifera Seem. is an endangered species in the family Bignoniaceae. Related to the conservation effort, information about the reproductive biology of this species is very limited. Based on that, the objectives of this study were to provide knowledge about the reproductive properties such as floral biology and breeding system of P. cereifera. The research was conducted at Purwodadi Botanic Garden, from October 2019 to February 2021. Several important aspects of reproductive biology, including flower biology, pollen viability and stigma receptivity, pollen morphology and breeding system were investigated. The viability was tested with TTC (2, 3, 5–triphenly tetrazolium chloride) and stigma reseptivity was tested with hydrogen peroxide. The breeding system was determined based on outcrossing index (OCI) using Cruden's method. The results showed that P. cereifera flower was monoecious, had morphological character that supported nocturnal pollination. Stigma and anthers spatially separated, but there was no temporal separation of stigma receptivity and anther dehiscence. Based on the flower biology, the pollen ornamentation (reticulate type), and the Out-Crossing Index (OCI=4), the breeding system was outcrossing but partially self-compatible, required pollinators (zoophily)

Interspecific Hybridisation of Boronias

1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 851 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Astarini ◽  
G. Yan ◽  
J. A. Plummer
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Interspecific Hybridisation ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Western Australian

Interspecific hybridisation within the genus Boronia was attempted by using species with a range of chromosome numbers. Crosses were possible between Western Australian species including those with B. heterophylla as the female parent and pollen from B. molloyae (n = 8), B. megastigma (n = 7), B. purdienana (n = 9) and B. ramosa (n = 18). Cytological studies revealed that B. heterophylla genotypes had different chromosome numbers; ‘Red’ had 2n = 15, whereas ‘Moonglow’ and ‘Cameo’ had 2n = 14. The F 1 hybrid from B. heterophylla ‘Red’ × B. megastigma had 2n = 15. Pollen viability, examined by using fluorescein diacetate, varied from 20% in B. crenulata to 80% in B. purdieana. Pollen of most species could be stored for 12 months in sealed containers at −20°C. Drying with silica gel desiccant did not improve storage, nor did ultra-low temperature (−196°C). Stored pollen was successfully used for interspecific hybridisation.

scholarly journals Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson (Fabaceae), an ornamental legume native to Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Eliyanti Eliyanti ◽  
Elly Indra Swari
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Dry Conditions

Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisites for successful cross-pollination and seed set in Swainsona formosa. In this study, the pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities was assayed by in vitro pollen germination and simple hand-pollination method on glasshouse-grown plants, respectively. The viability of pollen grains was tested under three different storage conditions: 1) pollen grains were left on the plant in the glasshouse under natural conditions, 2) pollen grains were harvested and kept at a low temperature (4 o C) in total darkness, and 3) pollen grains were kept in a dry freezer (-10 o C) and in total darkness. Meanwhile, stigma receptivity was determined by hand-pollination using fresh pollen grains on flower of glasshouse-grown plants at one day before anther dehiscence up to 8 days after anther dehiscence. The results showed that pollen grains could be stored at 4 o C for up to 28 days without significantly losing their viability. Pollen longevity could be extended beyond two months when stored at -10 o C and under dry conditions. These findings provided a simple and economically sound method for storage of S. formosa pollen. In addition, stigma receptivity was found to be receptive from one day before anther dehiscence and reached its peak within four days after anther dehiscence. These results provide a valuable background to the conventional breeding of this species to create hybrids through cross-pollination

scholarly journals Study of anther dehiscence, pollen viability and stigma receptivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2677-2680
Author(s):  
BS Thorat ◽  
RL Kunkerkar ◽  
SR Kadam ◽  
SG Bhave ◽  
JP Devmore
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity

Possible Reproductive Factors Contributing to Outcrossing in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Chiyembekeza ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Genotype Interaction

Abstract Several peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines in the Florida program were highly variable even after constitution from single plant selections after 21 generations of assumed self-pollination. To assess potential causes of this variability a 3-yr study was conducted to determine outcrossing using Krinkle as a genetic marker. There was a significant year by genotype interaction in this study. Two breeding lines with Virginia botanical types averaged almost 1.5% outcrossing, and in 1990 more than 3% of the progeny from these lines were the result of outcrossing. The breeding line Valencia 803 averaged nearly 8% outcrossing, and a second Valencia type, F623, averaged over 4%. The differences in outcrossing among these four lines did not appear to be related to floral morphology, pollen viability, or stigma receptivity, although delayed anther dehiscence may have contributed to the higher outcrossing in Valencia 803.

Pollen Storage and Breeding System in Relation to Controlled Pollination of Four Species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedgley ◽  
J Harbard
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
One Year

Pollen of A. auriculiformis, A. iteaphylla, A. karroo and A. mangium was stored at 25, 5, -18 or -196°C for up to 3 years, and its viability tested by pollen staining, in vivo pollen tube growth or pod set 1 month after hand pollination. The effectiveness of staining methods using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole- β -galactoside (X-Gal) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to predict pollen viability was investigated. All of the staining methods gave variable results, but the TTC and X-Gal tests were particularly unreliable. FDA staining of pollen gave the best indication of its ability to germinate on the stigma and penetrate ovules. Pollen stored for up to three days at 25°C retained the ability to penetrate ovules following hand pollination, and of that stored for three years at 5°C, 19% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -18°C for 1 year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, and of that stored for 3 years, 23% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -196°C for one year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, but thawing and refreezing of the pollen reduced viability to zero. It was concluded that the most successful and convenient method of pollen storage was vaccuum drying followed by storage at -18°C. The Australian species of Acacia investigated (A. iteaphylla, A. auriculiformis and A. mangium) had protogynous flowers, with stigma receptivity preceding anther dehiscence, such that flowers could be reliably hand pollinated. The African species A. karroo had protandrous flowers, with stigmas unreceptive at anthesis, but receptive at 5 days after anther dehiscence. Deposition of self pollen on the stigma prior to attainment of receptivity rendered hand pollination of this species unreliable.

Spikelet fertility and heat shock transcription factor (Hsf) gene responses to heat stress in tolerant and susceptible rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (04) ◽  
pp. 283-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Malumpong ◽  
S. Cheabu ◽  
C. Mongkolsiriwatana ◽  
W. Detpittayanan ◽  
A. Vanavichit
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Spikelet Fertility ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Spikelet Sterility ◽  
Plant Parts

AbstractThe reproductive stage of rice is the most sensitive to heat stress, which can lead to spikelet sterility. Thus, heat-tolerant and heat-susceptible genotypes were used to investigate their differences in terms of phenotypic responses and expression changes of Hsf genes at the pre-flowering stage under heat stress. Results clearly showed that panicles had the highest temperature compared with other plant parts under both natural and heated conditions. However, the temperatures of tolerant and susceptible genotypes were not significantly different. In terms of spikelet fertility, the tolerant lines M9962 and M7988 had high seed set because their anther dehiscence, pollen viability and pollen germination were only slightly affected. In contrast, the susceptible line Sinlek showed severe effects at all steps of fertilization, and the pollen viability of M7766 was slightly affected under heat stress but was more affected in terms of anther dehiscence and pollen germination. Both susceptible lines showed dramatically decreased seed set. In addition, the expression of six HsfA genes in the flag leaves and spikelets at the R2 stage of plants under heat stress showed different responses. Notably, expression of the HsfA2a gene was predominantly upregulated in the flag leaf and spikelets under heat stress in M9962. Therefore, it can be concluded that heat stress has severe effects on the stamen, and that different genotypes have different susceptibilities to heat stress.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document