Pollen Storage and Breeding System in Relation to Controlled Pollination of Four Species of Acacia (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 601 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Sedgley ◽  
J Harbard
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Triphenyltetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Staining Methods ◽  
One Year

Pollen of A. auriculiformis, A. iteaphylla, A. karroo and A. mangium was stored at 25, 5, -18 or -196°C for up to 3 years, and its viability tested by pollen staining, in vivo pollen tube growth or pod set 1 month after hand pollination. The effectiveness of staining methods using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC), 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indole- β -galactoside (X-Gal) and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) to predict pollen viability was investigated. All of the staining methods gave variable results, but the TTC and X-Gal tests were particularly unreliable. FDA staining of pollen gave the best indication of its ability to germinate on the stigma and penetrate ovules. Pollen stored for up to three days at 25°C retained the ability to penetrate ovules following hand pollination, and of that stored for three years at 5°C, 19% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -18°C for 1 year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, and of that stored for 3 years, 23% of the grains fluoresced with FDA. Pollen stored at -196°C for one year retained the ability to penetrate ovules and produce pod set, but thawing and refreezing of the pollen reduced viability to zero. It was concluded that the most successful and convenient method of pollen storage was vaccuum drying followed by storage at -18°C. The Australian species of Acacia investigated (A. iteaphylla, A. auriculiformis and A. mangium) had protogynous flowers, with stigma receptivity preceding anther dehiscence, such that flowers could be reliably hand pollinated. The African species A. karroo had protandrous flowers, with stigmas unreceptive at anthesis, but receptive at 5 days after anther dehiscence. Deposition of self pollen on the stigma prior to attainment of receptivity rendered hand pollination of this species unreliable.

scholarly journals Pollen viability and stigma receptivity in Swainsona formosa (G.Don) J.Thompson (Fabaceae), an ornamental legume native to Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-167
Author(s):  
Zulkarnain Zulkarnain ◽  
Eliyanti Eliyanti ◽  
Elly Indra Swari
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Total Darkness ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Cross Pollination ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Dry Conditions

Pollen viability and stigma receptivity are prerequisites for successful cross-pollination and seed set in Swainsona formosa. In this study, the pollen viabilities and stigma receptivities was assayed by in vitro pollen germination and simple hand-pollination method on glasshouse-grown plants, respectively. The viability of pollen grains was tested under three different storage conditions: 1) pollen grains were left on the plant in the glasshouse under natural conditions, 2) pollen grains were harvested and kept at a low temperature (4 o C) in total darkness, and 3) pollen grains were kept in a dry freezer (-10 o C) and in total darkness. Meanwhile, stigma receptivity was determined by hand-pollination using fresh pollen grains on flower of glasshouse-grown plants at one day before anther dehiscence up to 8 days after anther dehiscence. The results showed that pollen grains could be stored at 4 o C for up to 28 days without significantly losing their viability. Pollen longevity could be extended beyond two months when stored at -10 o C and under dry conditions. These findings provided a simple and economically sound method for storage of S. formosa pollen. In addition, stigma receptivity was found to be receptive from one day before anther dehiscence and reached its peak within four days after anther dehiscence. These results provide a valuable background to the conventional breeding of this species to create hybrids through cross-pollination

scholarly journals 492 Storage of Abelia R. Br. Pollen

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 530A-530
Author(s):  
S.M. Scheiber ◽  
C.D. Robacker ◽  
M.A. Dirr
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Limited Access ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Term Storage

The genus Abelia contains ≈30 species, but A. × grandiflora, its cultivars, and A. `Edward Goucher' are the primary taxa grown. The nursery industry has stated that Abelia R. Br. taxa are important economically, and new selections or cultivars with increased cold hardiness, richer pink-rose flower colors, unique foliage colors, and compact habits are desired. Breeding and selection work in the genus is very limited due in part to limited access to germplasm. Pollen storage enables breeders to cross taxa with incongruent flowering cycles, save time and resources by eliminating the need to grow vast amounts of plant material, and incorporate otherwise unavailable germplasm into a breeding program. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum levels of temperature and humidity for the long-term storage of A. chinensis and A. × grandiflora `Golden Glow' pollen. Temperature and humidity levels were analyzed by incubating undesiccated pollen of a given taxon at four humidity levels (0%, 50%, 80%, and 100%) for 72 h at 5 °C. Following incubation, the pollen was stored in glass vials at each of the following temperatures: 5, -20, and -70 °C. All combinations of temperature and humidity were tested. Pollen viability was assessed after 60 days by in vivo germination tests on styles. Abelia chinensis pollen germinated following storage at all temperature and humidity levels. Pollen of A. × grandiflora `Golden Glow' pollen germinated following all treatments except storage at -20 °C.

Reproductive-Biology of the Australian Species of the Genus Pandorea (Bignoniaceae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
EA James ◽  
RB Knox
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incompatibility Barrier

We studied the reproductive biology of Australian species of Pandorea to facilitate a breeding program designed to develop elite cultivars for the horticultural industry. P. pandorana is protogynous whereas anther dehiscence and stigma receptivity occur at the same time in P. jasminoides and P. baileyana. The stigmas of all species are receptive prior to anthesis and can be artificially pollinated at this stage provided that the stigma lobes can be separated. Pollen viability, tested for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, deteriorated during the flower life although pollen samples with a low Fluorescein diacetate response (5-14%) still produced many pollen tubes which grew to the base of the style. For all species tested, pollen tubes grew into the ovary in both outcross pollinations and in self pollinations which are known to be incompatible indicating that the incompatibility barrier is within the ovary. Pollen-ovule ratios, determined for P. pandorana and P. jasminoides, were low compared with other published pollen-ovules ratios for taxa with breeding systems based on outcrossing.

scholarly journals Effect of Pollen Genotype, Temperature and Period of Storage on In Vitro Germinability and In Vivo Seed Set in Chrysanthemum—Preliminary Study

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2395
Author(s):  
Natalia Miler ◽  
Anita Wozny
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Pollen Donor ◽  
Pollen Germinability ◽  
Fresh Pollen

Among many challenges in chrysanthemum cross-breeding, the access to viable pollen for hybridization of cultivars distant in location and different in flowering time is required. Low pollen viability along with incompatibility are mainly responsible for low seed set in modern chrysanthemum cultivars. The aim of the study was to test various temperatures and periods of pollen storage of Chrysanthemum × morifolium in order to elaborate the method of chrysanthemum pollen preservation for cross-breeding purposes. In the first experiment, in vitro pollen germination of four cultivars was investigated following storage at 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C, for one, four, and eight weeks. The second experiment focused on in vivo seed set after one week pollen treatment with 20 °C, 4 °C, −20 °C, and −80 °C (three pollen donor cultivars tested). Pollen in vitro germinability, as well as seed set efficiency, was generally low and cultivar dependent. Independent of the period of storage, stored pollen germinability was lower (5.30–6.63%) than fresh pollen (8.15%). Incubation of pollen in −80 °C significantly increased pollen germinability (9.80%), as well as seed set efficiency in comparison to control (19.28% and 10.21%, respectively) provided the cultivars are compatible. Among cultivars, the highest germinability of pollen was found in ‘Brda’ and ‘Donna’ (8.2% and 8.23%, respectively), while ‘Bydgoszczanka’ showed the lowest germinability (2.97%). There were also pollen genotype dependent effects in in vivo seed set efficiency, which was highest in ’Brda’ (17.57%) and much lower in ‘Jutrzenka’ and ‘Polka’ (1.34% and 0.39%, respectively), which contributed to the incompatibility of crossed cultivars rather than pollen viability.

scholarly journals Study of anther dehiscence, pollen viability and stigma receptivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 2677-2680
Author(s):  
BS Thorat ◽  
RL Kunkerkar ◽  
SR Kadam ◽  
SG Bhave ◽  
JP Devmore
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Stigma Receptivity

Pollination Biology of Lespedeza davurica

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Tong ◽  
Y. Song ◽  
P. Wang ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
S.G. Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollination Biology ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Pollen Storage ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Lespedeza Davurica

Background: In order to reveal the pollination biological characteristics of Lespedeza davurica, wild L.davurica from eight regions of Shanxi Province was used as test materials to study their floral dynamic, pollen storage and other aspects.Methods: During 2019, the flowering dynamics of wild L. davurica collected from eight regions of Shanxi Province were observed by selecting the better-grown L.davurica. Freshly bloomed flowers were picked, and their pollen was set up for two treatments, dry and undried, for pollen storage experiments. Pollen viability was determined by the TTC (expand for first instance) and MTT (expand for first instance) methods and stigma receptivity was determined by the hydrogen peroxide-benzidine method.Result: The results showed us the following points: the flowers of L. davurica were pale yellow, large and fragrant; it usually opens from the base to the top with distinctly asymmetrical petals; it opens during the day and closes at night; the number of flowers reached its peak between 12:00 and 14:00. After measuring the pollen viability of L. davurica, we found that dry storage at -20°C was the most effective treatment. And with the increase of temperature and decrease of humidity, the pollen viability and stigma receptivity of L. davurica increased continuously and the highest viability value occurs between 12:00 and14:00.

Possible Reproductive Factors Contributing to Outcrossing in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Knauft ◽  
A. J. Chiyembekeza ◽  
D. W. Gorbet
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Reproductive Factors ◽  
Anther Dehiscence ◽  
Single Plant ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Genotype Interaction

Abstract Several peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) breeding lines in the Florida program were highly variable even after constitution from single plant selections after 21 generations of assumed self-pollination. To assess potential causes of this variability a 3-yr study was conducted to determine outcrossing using Krinkle as a genetic marker. There was a significant year by genotype interaction in this study. Two breeding lines with Virginia botanical types averaged almost 1.5% outcrossing, and in 1990 more than 3% of the progeny from these lines were the result of outcrossing. The breeding line Valencia 803 averaged nearly 8% outcrossing, and a second Valencia type, F623, averaged over 4%. The differences in outcrossing among these four lines did not appear to be related to floral morphology, pollen viability, or stigma receptivity, although delayed anther dehiscence may have contributed to the higher outcrossing in Valencia 803.

scholarly journals Morphofunctional Traits and Pollination Mechanisms ofCoronilla emerusL. Flowers (Fabaceae)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Aronne ◽  
Manuela Giovanetti ◽  
Veronica De Micco
Keyword(s):  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollination Efficiency ◽  
Pollen Transfer ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Pollination Mechanisms ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Floral Larceny

It is accepted that the papilionaceous corolla of the Fabaceae evolved under the selective pressure of bee pollinators. Morphology and function of different parts ofCoronilla emerusL. flowers were related to their role in the pollination mechanism. The corolla has a vexillum with red nectar lines, a keel hiding stamens and pistil, and two wing petals fasten to the keel with two notched folds. Pollinators land on the complex of keel and wings, trigger the protrusion of pollen and finally of the stigma from the keel tip. Data on pollen viability and stigma receptivity prove that flowers are proterandrous. The results of hand-pollination experiments confirmed that insects are fundamental to set seed. Interaction with pollinators allows not only the transport of pollen but also the rupture of the stigmatic cuticle, necessary to achieve both allogamy and autogamy. Field observations showed that Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, and Diptera visited the flowers. Only some of the Hymenoptera landed on the flowers from the front and elicited pollination mechanisms. Most of the insects sucked the nectar from the back without any pollen transfer. Finally, morphological and functional characteristics ofC. emerusflowers are discussed in terms of floral larceny and reduction in pollination efficiency.

Reproductive and cytogenetic characterization in Passiflora sublanceolata

Biologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de O. Belo ◽  
Margarete M. Souza ◽  
Viviane de O. Souza ◽  
Cláusio Antônio F. de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Number ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Chromosome Length ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Fruit Characteristics ◽  
Stigma Receptivity ◽  
Cytogenetic Characterization

AbstractReproductive biology (pollen-ovule ratio, pollen viability, germination in vitro pollination and stigma receptivity in vivo) and karyotype characterization by classical and molecular techniques were performed in Passiflora sublanceolata. The pollen-ovule ratio was 83.9, suggesting that this species is facultative autogamous. Pollen viability was below 70% during all anthesis period (6:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m.). Low in vitro germination rates were observed after anthesis beginning, with none percentage at one, four and six hours and medium percentage (52.9%) at five hour. The stigma remained receptive during the whole anthesis (100%). The average fertilization percentages resulting from controlled pollinations varied between 8.4% at six hour after anthesis beginning and 50% at two and three hour. The fruit characteristics did not show significant differences by the effects of pollination time. The chromosome number was 2n = 22. The average chromosome length and the haploid chromosome length were 1.60 μm and 17.61 μm, respectively. Six CMA

scholarly journals 090 Pollen Viability in Inland Saltgrass

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 457A-457
Author(s):  
Scott Reid ◽  
Judy Harrington ◽  
Harrison Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Pollen Tubes ◽  
Aniline Blue ◽  
Golf Courses ◽  
Mine Spoils ◽  
Hand Pollination ◽  
Poor Seed

Distichlis spicata var. stricta (Torrey) Beetle is a native grass that tolerates salt, high pH, and some heavy metals. It has been proposed for use in several challenging environments, including mine spoils and salt-impacted areas of golf courses. But, its widespread use has been hindered by several factors, one of which is poor seed set. Because chromosome numbers are variable and some genotypes are aneuploids, there was concern that pollen viability in some genotypes was low. Pollen from several genotypes failed to germinate in vitro on four artificial media prepared with various levels of osmoticum. However, hand pollination in vivo resulted in profuse pollen germination for all genotypes tested. Germination on pollinated stigmas was observed at intervals beginning 2 h after pollination with a fluorescence microscope using aniline blue and acridine orange stains and in bright field using toluidine-O stain. Very young stigmas seemed unreceptive and, while pollen would germinate, the pollen tubes would not grow down through the style. On receptive stigmas, many pollen tubes grew down toward the egg and some reached it within 24 h. There was no evidence of impaired fertility. Aniline blue was the best method for observing pollen tube growth through the style, although toluidine-O was adequate for observing germination on the stigmatic surface.

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