Influence of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Plant Nutrition

1992 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Conroy
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Critical Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Absolute Increase ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
C3 Species

The rising levels of atmospheric CO2 are likely to increase biomass production of C3 species in both natural and managed ecosystems because photosynthetic rates will be higher. The greatest absolute increase in productivity will occur when nitrogen and phosphorus availability in the soil is high. Low nitrogen does not preclude a growth response to high CO2, whereas some C3 species fail to respond to high CO2 when phosphorus is low, possibly because insufficient phosphorus is available to maintain maximum photosynthetic activity at high CO2. C3 plants response to high CO2 because the flux of carbon through the photoreductive cycle is increased and photorespiration is suppressed. This change in metabolism appears to alter the foliar nutrient concentration required to promote maximum productivity (critical concentration). Higher phosphorus concentrations are needed at elevated CO2, whereas the nitrogen requirement is reduced by CO2 enrichment. Since critical concentrations are used to evaluate nutrient status of crop and forest species and to manage fertiliser programs, they will need reassessing as the atmospheric CO2 concentration rises. Another consequence of the altered nutrient requirement at high CO2 is that the nitrogen concentrations of foliage, roots and grain are consistently lower in plants grown at elevated CO2, irrespective of availability of nitrogen in the soil. In natural ecosystems, the lower nitrogen to carbon ratio of the litter may alter rates of nutrient cycling. For farmers, the rising CO2 concentrations could cause reductions in grain nitrogen, and therefore protein content. This could have important implications for baking quality of hard wheats as well as affecting the nutrient value of grain such as rice.

Influence of Rising Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations and Temperature on Growth, Yield and Grain Quality of Cereal Crops

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 741 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Conroy ◽  
S Seneweera ◽  
AS Basra ◽  
G Rogers ◽  
B Nissen-Wooller
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Yield Enhancement ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Flower Abortion

A possible scenario for the end of the 21st century is that the atmospheric CO2 concentration will be in the range of 510-760 μL L-1 and that the mean global temperature will be 1.5-4.5�C higher. Further, there may be greater incidences of extreme climatic events, which together with the CO2 and temperature changes will influence development, growth and grain yield of cereals such as rice and wheat. For these C3 plants, the driving force for the growth response to elevated CO2 is higher leaf CO2 assimilation rates (A). However, the response of A to CO2 depends on temperature with maximum absolute increases occuring at temperatures which do not cause flower abortion, while negligible increases are observed at low temperatures. At high temperatures, where A is reduced because of partial inactivation of photosynthetic enzymes, the increase in A due to CO2 enrichment is still observed. Other factors, such as changes in shoot water relations or hormone concentrations, may influence growth at elevated CO2 concentrations. Wheat and rice development is accelerated by high temperature and consequently grain yield is reduced because there is less time for radiation to be intercepted during the vegetative phase. Although high CO2 also accelerates development in rice and, to a lesser extent in wheat, the extra carbohydrate produced by increases in A results in at least a 40% increase in grain yield at temperatures which do not cause flower abortion. This is due mainly to increased tiller numbers rather than increases in the number or weight of individual grains. However, the yield enhancement due to high CO2 will not necessarily compensate for decreases in yield caused by accelerated development at high temperatures. As predicted by the response of A to high CO2, the relative increase in yield, due to rising CO2 concentrations, is smaller at lower temperatures. Elevated atmospheric CO2 may improve the tolerance of plants to heat-induced drought stress by facilitating the maintenance of cell volume and photosynthetic function in the leaves. Increased carbohydrate storage in the stems may also be an advantage during grain filling if the flag leaves senesce prematurely. However, it is unlikely that the effect of very high temperatures on flower abortion will be ameliorated by high CO2. For bread making, the quality of flour produced from grain developed at high temperatures is poorer. High CO2 may also have an effect through a reduction in the protein content of wheat grain. For rice, the amylose content of the grain, a major determinant of cooking quality is increased under elevated CO2.

scholarly journals Evidence of Adaptation to Recent Changes in Atmospheric CO2 in Four Weedy Species

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Bunce
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
C3 Species ◽  
Weedy Species ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentrations

Seeds of three C3 and one C4 annual weedy species were collected from agricultural fields in Beltsville, Maryland in 1966 and 2006, when atmospheric CO2 concentrations averaged about 320 and 380 mmol mol-1, respectively.  Plants from each collection year were grown over a range of CO2 concentrations to test for adaptation of these weedy species to recent changes in atmospheric CO2.  In all three of the C3 species, the increase in CO2 concentration from 320 to 380 mmol mol-1 increased total dry mass at 24 days in plants from seeds collected in 2006, but not in plants from seeds collected in 1966.  Shoot and seed dry mass at maturity was greater at the higher growth CO2 in plants collected in 2006 than in 1966 in two of the species.  Down regulation of photosynthetic carboxylation capacity during growth at high CO2 was less in the newer seed lots than in the older in two of the species.  Overall, the results indicate that adaptation to recent changes in atmospheric CO2 has occurred in some of these weedy species.

scholarly journals Simulating Long-Term Development of Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Plant Biomass, and Soil Moisture of a Temperate Grassland Ecosystem under Elevated Atmospheric CO2

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Ralf Liebermann ◽  
Lutz Breuer ◽  
Tobias Houska ◽  
David Kraus ◽  
Gerald Moser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emissions ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Co2 Concentrations

The rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations have effects on the worldwide ecosystems such as an increase in biomass production as well as changing soil processes and conditions. Since this affects the ecosystem’s net balance of greenhouse gas emissions, reliable projections about the CO2 impact are required. Deterministic models can capture the interrelated biological, hydrological, and biogeochemical processes under changing CO2 concentrations if long-term observations for model testing are provided. We used 13 years of data on above-ground biomass production, soil moisture, and emissions of CO2 and N2O from the Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE) grassland experiment in Giessen, Germany. Then, the LandscapeDNDC ecosystem model was calibrated with data measured under current CO2 concentrations and validated under elevated CO2. Depending on the hydrological conditions, different CO2 effects were observed and captured well for all ecosystem variables but N2O emissions. Confidence intervals of ensemble simulations covered up to 96% of measured biomass and CO2 emission values, while soil water content was well simulated in terms of annual cycle and location-specific CO2 effects. N2O emissions under elevated CO2 could not be reproduced, presumably due to a rarely considered mineralization process of organic nitrogen, which is not yet included in LandscapeDNDC.

Carbon Di Oxide Fertilization: Effects on Plant Productivity

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Supriya Tiwari ◽  
N. K. Dubey
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Plant Productivity ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Co2 Fertilization ◽  
Co2 Concentrations ◽  
Fertilization Effect

Increasing Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an important component of global climate change that has drawn the attention of environmentalists worldwide in the last few decades. Besides acting as an important greenhouse gas, it also produces a stimulatory effect, its instantaneous impact being a significant increase in the plant productivity. Atmospheric CO2 levels have linearly increased from approximately 280 parts per million (ppm) during pre-industrial times to the current level of more than 390 ppm. In past few years, anthropogenic activities led to a rapid increase in global CO2 concentration. Current Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) projection indicates that atmospheric CO2 concentration will increase over this century, reaching 730-1020 ppm by 2100. An increase in global temperature, ranging from 1.1 to 6.4oC depending on global emission scenarios, will accompany the rise in atmospheric CO2. As CO2 acts as a limiting factor in photosynthesis, the immediate effect of increasing atmospheric CO2 is improved plant productivity, a feature commonly termed as “CO2 fertilization”. Variability in crop responses to the elevated CO2 made the agricultural productivity and food security vulnerable to the climate change. Several studies have shown significant CO2 fertilization effect on crop growth and yield. An increase of 30 % in plant growth and yield has been reported when CO2 concentration has been doubled from 330 to 660 ppm. However, the fertilization effect of elevated CO2 is not very much effective in case of C4 plants which already contain a CO2 concentration mechanism, owing to their specific leaf 2 anatomy called kranz anatomy. As a result, yield increments observed in C4plants are comparatively lower than the C3 plants under similar elevated CO2 concentrations. This review discusses the trends and the causes of increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, its effects on the crop productivity and the discrepancies in the response of C3 and C4 plants to increasing CO2 concentrations.

Responses of woody Cerrado species to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and water stress: gains and losses

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Paulo Souza ◽  
Nayara M. J. Melo ◽  
Eduardo G. Pereira ◽  
Alessandro D. Halfeld ◽  
Ingrid N. Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 Concentration

The rise in atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) has been accompanied by changes in other environmental factors of global climate change, such as drought. Tracking the early growth of plants under changing conditions can determine their ecophysiological adjustments and the consequences for ecosystem functions. This study investigated long-term ecophysiological responses in three woody Cerrado species: Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. ex Hayne, Solanum lycocarpum A. St.-Hil. and Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. and Hook. f. ex S. Moore, grown under ambient and elevated [CO2]. Plants were grown for 515 days at ambient (430 mg dm–3) or elevated [CO2] (700 mg dm–3). Some plants were also subjected to water stress to investigate the synergy between atmospheric [CO2] and soil water availability, and its effect on plant growth. All three species showed an increase in maximum net photosynthesis (PN) and chlorophyll index under high [CO2]. Transpiration decreased in some species under high [CO2] despite daily watering and a corresponding increase in water use efficiency was observed. Plants grown under elevated [CO2] and watered daily had greater leaf area and total biomass production than plants under water stress and ambient [CO2]. The high chlorophyll and PN in cerrado plants grown under elevated [CO2] are an investment in light use and capture and higher Rubisco carboxylation rate, respectively. The elevated [CO2] had a positive influence on biomass accumulation in the cerrado species we studied, as predicted for plants under high [CO2]. So, even with water stress, Cerrado species under elevated [CO2] had better growth.

scholarly journals Modeling Global and Regional Net Primary Production under Elevated Atmospheric CO2: On a Potential Source of Uncertainty

2006 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustapha El Maayar ◽  
Navin Ramankutty ◽  
Christopher J. Kucharik
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ecosystem Models ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Photosynthetic Downregulation

Abstract Terrestrial ecosystem models are built, among several reasons, to explore how the Earth’s biosphere responds to climate change and to the projected continual increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration. Many of these models adopt the Farquhar et al. approach, in which leaf carbon assimilation of C3 plants is regulated by two limitations depending on the rate of Rubisco activity and ribulose-1, 5-bisphosphate regeneration (RuBP). This approach was expanded upon by others to include a third limitation that expresses the occurrence, in some plant species, of a photosynthetic downregulation under high concentrations of ambient CO2. Several ecosystem models, however, constrain leaf photosynthesis using only two limitations according to the original formulation of Farquhar et al. and thus neglect the limitation that represents the downregulation of photosynthesis under elevated atmospheric CO2. In this study, the authors first reviewed the effect of elevated CO2 on photosynthesis of C3 plants, which illustrated that short-term observations are likely to considerably underestimate the number of plant species that exhibit a photosynthetic downregulation. Several recent long-term field observations have shown that such downregulation starts to be effective only after several seasons/years of plant exposure to elevated CO2. Second, an ecosystem model was used to illustrate that neglecting the photosynthetic downregulation may significantly bias predictions of net primary production of the middle and high latitudes under high atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Based on both review of field observations and results of simulations, the authors conclude that a more appropriate representation of plant physiology and choice of plant functional types may be required in ecosystem models in order to accurately simulate plant responses to changing environmental conditions.

Elevated CO2 Effects on Water Use and Growth of Maize in Wet and Drying Soil

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
AB Samarakoon ◽  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Growth Enhancement ◽  
High Co2 ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
Reduced Water

It is unclear from the literature as to whether growth of C4 species is responsive to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration. Reports vary between no response to strong response. To explore the origin of this discrepancy, spaced plants of maize (Zea mays) were grown at atmospheric CO2 concentrations of 362 or 717 μL L-1 under continuously wet or drying soil regimes. The aims were to evaluate the comparative growth promotion from elevated CO2 in a C4 plant under the two contrasting water regimes and the causes of any such promotion, and also how water-use efficiency (WUE) is influenced by high CO2 under the two water regimes. In wet soil, transpiration rate was reduced on average by 29% at high CO2, but neither total dry matter nor plant height was significantly affected by CO2 level. Leaf area was not influenced significantly, so daily water use per plant was 25% lower and WUE was increased entirely due to reduced water use at high CO2. In soil that was drying from field capacity, plants in high CO2 used about 30% less water than those in ambient CO2 while the soil was still wet. This resulted in higher soil water content at high CO2. Plant growth showed a marked response, accumulating 35% more leaf area and 50% more dry matter. Young internodes elongated up to 170% more, giving taller plants. The growth enhancement was largely due to higher average net assimilation rate indicating that C4 photosynthesis responded to elevated CO2 during drought. In drying soil the increase in WUE was due to both increased dry matter and reduced water use, the contribution from each depending on the stage of soil drying. We hypothesise therefore that literature examples where maize growth responded to elevated CO2 may have involved (possibly unrecognised) minor water deficits.

scholarly journals Growth Efficiency of Greengram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) Under Elevated Carbondioxide Condition

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-73
Author(s):  
Tarique Aziz ◽  
Ranjan Das ◽  
Sangita Das
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
C3 Plants ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Agricultural Crop

The CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is rising and anticipated to be doubled by the end of the current century. Agricultural crop production is one of the key sectors that might be affected by rising atmospheric CO2 through its effect on photosynthetic rates and thus productivity. It was reported that C3 plants respond to elevated CO2 by modification of morpho-physiological traits. The crop selected for the present study was Green gram (Vigna radiate L. Wilczek). Though it is an important crop, the availability of pulses has declined. So, a study of the plant responses to high atmospheric CO2 is important since it regulates productivity and quality. Moreover information about genotypic variation of crops under elevated CO2 is lacking in legumes. The general aim of the study is test whether Green gram can adapt to such a change and to explore mechanisms underlining the adaptive response. Six genotypes of green gram used in the study were SML1827, SML832, SML1831, PM1533, Pusa M-19-31, and Pant M-5. Three different levels of CO2 concentration namely 390ppm, 600 ppm and 750ppm under open top chambers along with an ambient concentration were maintained to assess the response of growth, physiological and yield parameters. The purpose of Open Top Chamber was to study the response of plants in high CO2 environment with precise control and regulation of desired CO2, temperature and humidity. The results obtained for this experiment showed that elevated CO2 has a positive effect on crop growth and development. Results indicated that 600ppm CO2 enhanced some growth parameters viz. leaf area, number of branches per plant, number of effective root nodules and total biomass of plant which ultimately influenced the yield. Under 750 ppm CO2, An opposite trend was recorded where yield was significantly reduced. Genotypes like Pant M-5, Pusa M-19-31 could be considered as better genotypes when grown under elevated levels of CO2 as they have better N acquisition capability because of greater nodule formation in addition to biomass accumulation. Therefore, such genotypes may be utilized as future breeding materials for adaptation to the changed climatic condition.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document