Growth Habits and Trellis Requirements of Climbing Palms (Calamus spp) in North-Eastern Queensland

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 603 ◽  
Author(s):  
FE Putz
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Palm Species ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Treefall Gap

Calamus moti and C. australis in tropical forest on the Atherton Tableland, Queensland, Australia, climb with the aid of long whip-like flagella covered with sharp hooks. Stiff stems and long flagella allow climbing palms to span larger gaps between successive supports than other types of climbers. Furthermore, recurved hooks on the flagella serve as a ratchet-like mechanism that draws climbing palms closer to supporting plants. Although both palm species climbed up through closed canopy forest, they were more abundant on treefall gap margins. Many gap-edge climbers survived after their supporting trees fell and grew back upwards on gap-edge trees. Once in the canopy, the climbing palms avoided growing up and out of the tops of their supporting trees through the combined effects of decreased internode length and downward slippage of the dangling stem.

Rapid colonization and turnover of birds in a tropical forest treefall gap

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-117
Author(s):  
Henry S. Pollock ◽  
Todd M. Jones ◽  
Corey E. Tarwater ◽  
Elise T. Nishikawa ◽  
Jeffrey D. Brawn
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Treefall Gap

scholarly journals Somaclonal Variation among ex vitro `Thornless Evergreen' Trailing Blackberries: The Morphological Status of Selected Clones after Seven Years of Field Growth

1997 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Norton ◽  
R.M. Skirvin
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Somaclonal Variation ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Parent Plant ◽  
Ex Vitro ◽  
Transient Effect ◽  
Field Growth ◽  
Rubus Laciniatus ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
Growth Habits

Chimeral `Thornless Evergreen' (CTE), (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) somaclones selected in 1983 and field planted in 1985 were reexamined in 1992 for various vegetative and reproductive characteristics. Two major types of thornless (prickle-free) plants, intermediate-sized (`UI 6-6' = `Everthornless') and dwarf (`UI 6-4'), originally selected from a chimeral thornless parent plant, were compared with thorny plants. The intermediate and dwarf somaclones have maintained their distinctive habits over 7 years' growth in the field, indicating that their growth habits are stable and not a transient effect of tissue culture. Although the thornless somaclones remained thornless, the degree and type of prickle-like structures varies considerably, indicating that the thornless gene (Ste) does not entirely suppress the production of prickles, but apparently alters their development. Increasing suppression was directly related to increasing dwarfism, suggesting a link between thornlessness and internode length.

Effects of stochastic herbivory events on population maintenance of an understorey palm species (Geonoma schottiana) in riparian tropical forest

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurício Bonesso Sampaio ◽  
Aldicir Scariot
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Clonal Growth ◽  
Seedling Recruitment ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Environmental Stochasticity ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Vital Rates ◽  
Palm Species

Abstract:Plant populations can respond to temporal environmental heterogeneity caused by natural disturbances, such as herbivory. Palm individuals of several species are preyed upon by mammals, but the effects of such herbivory events on population dynamics remain poorly known. To evaluate the effects of environmental stochasticity on aGeonoma schottiana(Arecaceae) population, we surveyed annually 40 permanent 20 × 10-m plots in a riparian tropical forest over 5 y (2000–2004) and results were analysed using matrix models. The population growth rate (λ) was in equilibrium during the study period and only one bad year was identified (2002–2003), which had a higher mortality of juvenile individuals due to herbivory. Additionally, the bad year had a higher mortality of reproductive individuals than the other periods. The stasis matrix elements of the later life stages were the vital rates with highest elasticities. The mortality of juvenile and reproductive individuals had a negative contribution to λ in the bad year. Conversely, the growth of infant and juvenile individuals and the clonal growth of juveniles were the vital rates with highest contribution to stability maintenance of λ in the bad year in a life-table response experiment. The palm population had a high individual density, high proportion of the initial life stages, clonal growth, high fertility, abundant seed bank and high seedling recruitment. Despite these traits, if stochastic herbivory events occur frequently over a long period of time, the population will have a negative growth rate and the probability of local extinction will be very high.

scholarly journals Changes in Phylogenetic Community Structure of the Seedling Layer Following Hurricane Disturbance in a Human-Impacted Tropical Forest

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Comita ◽  
María Uriarte ◽  
Jimena Forero-Montaña ◽  
W. Kress ◽  
Nathan Swenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Community Structure ◽  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Forest Recovery ◽  
Phylogenetic Relatedness ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Factors ◽  
Palm Species

Disturbance plays a key role in shaping forest composition and diversity. We used a community phylogeny and long-term forest dynamics data to investigate biotic and abiotic factors shaping tropical forest regeneration following both human and natural disturbance. Specifically, we examined shifts in seedling phylogenetic and functional (i.e., seed mass) community structure over a decade following a major hurricane in a human-impacted forest in Puerto Rico. Phylogenetic relatedness of the seedling community decreased in the first five years post-hurricane and then increased, largely driven by changes in the abundance of a common palm species. Functional structure (based on seed mass) became increasingly clustered through time, due to canopy closure causing small-seeded, light-demanding species to decline in abundance. Seedling neighbor density and phylogenetic relatedness negatively affected seedling survival, which likely acted to reduce phylogenetic relatedness within seedling plots. Across the study site, areas impacted in the past by high-intensity land use had lower or similar phylogenetic relatedness of seedling communities than low-intensity past land use areas, reflecting interactive effects of human and natural disturbance. Our study demonstrates how phylogenetic and functional information offer insights into the role of biotic and abiotic factors structuring forest recovery following disturbance.

Évolution de paramètres morphologiques au cours du cycle de croissance de Callisia fragrans (Commelinaceae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barcellos de Souza ◽  
P. E. Lauri ◽  
P. Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Transition To Flowering

The growth habits in Callisia fragrans are studied in relation to the variation of simple morphological parameters such as the leaf area and the internode length and diameter. The architecture of this species being simple, as in many Monocotyledons, these parameters are the main morphological indicators for the different phases of the biological cycle. Five phases have been distinguished: the stolon, the establishment of the leafy stem, the indefinite growth of the leafy stem, the transition to flowering, and the final stage of flowering with the production of axillary flowers. The establishment of the leafy stem and the transition to flowering are two evolutionary phases while the others are stabilized. The quantitative study of the parameters shows that the stem diameter is always positively correlated to the leaf area while the internode length is negatively correlated to the leaf area mainly during the evolutionary phases. The internode lengthening coefficient, which expresses the internode shape, is negatively correlated to the leaf area. The correlations in C. fragrans are compared to those observed in previous studies, and some general laws concerning the evolution of the morphological parameters are formulated.

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