Évolution de paramètres morphologiques au cours du cycle de croissance de Callisia fragrans (Commelinaceae)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (8) ◽  
pp. 1664-1670 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Barcellos de Souza ◽  
P. E. Lauri ◽  
P. Blanc
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Final Stage ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Five Phases ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Transition To Flowering

The growth habits in Callisia fragrans are studied in relation to the variation of simple morphological parameters such as the leaf area and the internode length and diameter. The architecture of this species being simple, as in many Monocotyledons, these parameters are the main morphological indicators for the different phases of the biological cycle. Five phases have been distinguished: the stolon, the establishment of the leafy stem, the indefinite growth of the leafy stem, the transition to flowering, and the final stage of flowering with the production of axillary flowers. The establishment of the leafy stem and the transition to flowering are two evolutionary phases while the others are stabilized. The quantitative study of the parameters shows that the stem diameter is always positively correlated to the leaf area while the internode length is negatively correlated to the leaf area mainly during the evolutionary phases. The internode lengthening coefficient, which expresses the internode shape, is negatively correlated to the leaf area. The correlations in C. fragrans are compared to those observed in previous studies, and some general laws concerning the evolution of the morphological parameters are formulated.

scholarly journals Interactive Effects of Nitrogen and Sulfur Nutrition on Growth, Development, and Physiology of Brassica carinata A. Braun and Brassica napus L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7355
Author(s):  
Shivendra Kumar ◽  
Ramdeo Seepaul ◽  
Ian M. Small ◽  
Sheeja George ◽  
George Kelly O’Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Transport ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Brassica Carinata ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Erucic Acid Content ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Node Number ◽  
S 100

Brassica carinata (carinata) has emerged as a potential biofuel source due to its high erucic acid content, making it desirable for various industrial applications. Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are required as primary sources of nutrition for growth and development in different oilseed crops and their utilization is interdependent. The purpose of the study was to analyze the interactive effect of N and S nutrition on the growth and other physiological activities of carinata and B. napus (napus). Four treatments, i.e., optimum NS (+N+S, 100% N and 100% S); N limited (−N+S, 0% N, 100% S); S limited (+N−S, 100% N, 0% S), and NS limited (−N−S, 0% N and 0% S) of N and S in full-strength Hoagland solution were imposed in the current study. Effect of different NS treatments was observed on vegetative traits such as number of primary and secondary branches, total leaf area, total biomass production and allocation, and physiological traits such as production of photosynthetic pigments, net photosynthesis, electron transport, and other aspects for both carinata and napus. The traits of stem elongation, number of nodes, node addition rate, internode length, number of primary and secondary branches were 60%, 36%, 50%, 35%, 56%, and 83% lower, respectively, in napus in comparison to carinata. Different NS treatments also positively influenced the production of photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll (Chl) a and b and carotenoids in carinata and napus. The concentration of Chla was 11% higher in napus in comparison to carinata. The rate of net photosynthesis, electron transport, and fluorescence was 12%, 8%, and 5% higher based on overall value, respectively, in napus compared to carinata. On the other hand, the overall value for stomatal conductance decreased by 5% in napus when compared to carinata. Different growth-related traits such as vegetative (plant height, node number, internode length, leaf area, number of primary and secondary branches), reproductive (pod number, pod length, seeds per pod), and photosynthetic capacity in oilseed brassicas are correlated with the final seed and oil yield and chemical composition which are of economic importance for the adoption of the crop. Thus, the analysis of these traits will help to determine the effect of NS interaction on crop productivity of carinata and napus.

Wine Grape (Vitis vinifera) Response to Fall Exposure of Simulated Drift from Selected Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 532-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad A. Bhatti ◽  
Kassim Al-Khatib ◽  
Robert Parker
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Maximum Rate ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Wine Grape ◽  
Wine Grapes ◽  
Cane Weight ◽  
Fall Application

‘Lemberger’ wine grape response to fall application of selected herbicides applied at simulated drift rates was studied in 1992 and 1993. Chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron, 2,4-D, glyphosate, bromoxynil, and 2,4-D plus glyphosate were applied at 1/100, 1/33, 1/10, and 1/3 of a selected maximum rate for use in wheat or fallow. All herbicides, except bromoxynil and thifensufluron, caused symptoms on grapevines at the highest rate during the spring following fall application. The most severe symptoms were caused by 2,4-D and 2,4-D plus glyphosate, whereas the least symptoms were caused by chlorsulfuron and glyphosate. The severity of symptoms increased and shoot growth, leaf area, internode length, and dry cane weight decreased as the rates of 2,4-D and 2,4-D plus glyphosate increased. Chlorsulfuron and glyphosate reduced the growth of grapevines only when applied at the highest rate during the fall. The data show that exposure of wine grapes to 2,4-D or 2,4-D plus glyphosate during the fall can adversely affect the growth of grapevines the following spring.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth Performance of Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
U. L. Edem ◽  
E. E. Ekerette
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The continuous destruction of our rainforest has threatened the existence of many useful and multipurpose plant species such as Tetrapleura tetraptera. To revert this situation, efforts must be made towards its sustainable use by encouraging reforestation which entails raising of seedlings for mass propagation of this crop. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of organic (chicken litter) and inorganic (NPK 15:15:15) fertilizers on seedling growth in four accessions of Tetrapleura tetraptera and hence determining fertilizer preference for this forest species. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used in a factorial arrangement with four accessions and three fertilizer types in eight replicates. One month after transplanting, the fertilizers (organic and inorganic) were uniformly applied at the rate of 45 kg/hectare according to the experimental design. Data were collected monthly for a period of three months on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf length, member of branches, number of leaves, primary and secondary internode length per plant. Data on seedling emergence were also taken. Data collected were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate significant means at p = 0.05. Result obtained revealed that the soil was rich in calcium, phosphorus and organic matter but low in nitrogen and potassium which were adequately complemented in mean days to seedling emergence in four accessions studied. Our findings also revealed that the organic (chicken litter) fertilizer did better (P<0.05) in all accessions than inorganic (NPK 15:15:15) fertilizer for all morphological traits studied. The performance of Cross River accession was outstanding as illustrated by the significant interaction obtained in most parameters. With chicken, litter fertilizer, Cross River accession produced the tallest plant (27.38 cm), largest leaf area (1.99 cm2), highest number of branches (20.13), highest number of leaves (66.75), longest stem diameter (0.93 cm), longest leaf length (1.94 cm), lowest primary (0.80) and lowest secondary (0.83) internode length. The use of organic fertilizers is therefore recommended for improved seedling growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera.

scholarly journals Mejoramiento de la resistencia a la sequía del frijol común en México.

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Acosta ◽  
Efraín Acosta-Gallegos ◽  
Saúl Padilla ◽  
María Antonieta Goytia ◽  
Rigoberto Rosales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Block Designs ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Crop Phenology ◽  
Temporary Water ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Growth Habits ◽  
Similar Growth ◽  
Adaptation To Drought ◽  
Selection Of

Since its inception in 1980, the breeding project for adaptation to drought has been based on crop phenology (escape or matching between biological cycle and water availability), and seed yield in multilocational trials under water stress conditions. For yield evaluation, bean genotypes were grouped on the basis of similar growth habits and phenology. Selection of segregating families according to adaptation to drought was postponed up until the F4 generation or subsequent ones, using incomplete block designs. Selection in early generations was based on moderate to high heretability traits such as biological cycle, grain phenology (color, size, shine), and reaction to diseases. Eight improved Durango bean varieties that are tolerant to temporary water deficits (Pinto Villa, Pinto Mestizo, Pinto Bayacora, Negro Altiplano, Negro Sahuatoba, Negro Durango, Bayo Victoria, and Azufrado Namiquipa) have been given to bean producers from Mexico’s semi-arid highlands. In 1998 seeds of two new varieties (Pinto Zapata and Flor de Mayo 2000) will be increased and registered. Their main traits are: type III indeterminate growth habits, short biological cycle, fast transition from vegetative to reproductive phase, and high yield rates.

scholarly journals Influence of Day and Night Temperatures on Sweet Pepper Seedling Development

1996 ◽  
Vol 121 (4) ◽  
pp. 699-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaping Si ◽  
Royal D. Heins
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shoot Ratio ◽  
Root Shoot Ratio ◽  
The Difference

Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum `Resistant Giant no. 4') seedlings were grown for 6 weeks in 128-cell plug trays under 16 day/night temperature (DT/NT) regimes from 14 to 26 °C. Seedling stem length, internode length, stem diameter, leaf area, internode and leaf count, plant volume, shoot dry weight (DW), seedling index, and leaf unfolding rate (LUR) were primarily functions of average daily temperature (ADT); i.e., DT and NT had similar effects on each growth or development parameter. Compared to ADT, the difference (DIF, where DIF = DT - NT) between DT and NT had a smaller but still statistically significant effect on stem and internode length, leaf area, plant volume, stem diameter, and seedling index. DIF had no effect on internode and leaf count, shoot DW, and LUR. The root: shoot ratio and leaf reflectance were affected by DT and DIF. Positive DIF (DT higher than NT) caused darker-green leaf color than negative DIF. The node at which the first flower initiated was related to NT. The number of nodes to the first flower on pepper plugs grown at 26 C NT was 1.2 fewer than those of plants grown at 14 °C NT.

scholarly journals Carbon Storage of some Rubber Trees (Hevea brasiliensis) Clones in HEVECAM’s Plantations in South Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Menoh A Ngon René ◽  
Tsoata Esaïe ◽  
Tsouga Manga Milie Lionelle ◽  
Owona Ndongo Pierre-André
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Morphological Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Total Tree

The objective of this work was to estimate the quantity of carbon stored by four main clones of rubber tree cultivated in South Cameroon: GT 1, PB 217, PR 107 and RRIC 100. The forest inventory method was used to measure trees morphological parameters, the latter used to calculate carbon storage using the allometric equation of Wauters et al., (2008). The main morphological parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI), circumference (C), diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height (h). Comparing the morphological parameters of clones two by two using a Dunn test, we observe significant differences in the circumference, the diameter and even very significant in the leaf area index, but not in the height. The clones GT 1, PR 107, PB 217, and RRIC 100 stored on average: 111.05 tC / ha, 150.18 tC / ha, 165.25 tC / ha, and 187.25 tC/ha respectively. A significant difference was established between the means of carbon storage of the clones GT 1 and PB 217 (p = 0.0488) on one hand and, that of the clones GT 1 and RRIC 100 (p = 0.0240), on the other hand. These results are an estimation of models, further research can be undertaken for exact measurements.

scholarly journals Improving Production of MM.106 Apple Rootstock Stools using Hydrogen Cyanamid Dormancy-breaking Agent

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 478A-478
Author(s):  
Nabil R. Elsherbini
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Bud Burst ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Apple Rootstock

Dormex (aqueous solution of 48% hydrogen Cyanamid) was applied by the end of December at 2%, 4%, and 6% in the first season and at 3%, 4%, and 5% in the second season to 1-year-old shoots of MM.106 apple rootstock. Dormex at 4%, 5%, and 6% increased significantly the percentage of bud burst, stool diameter, stool length, internode length, and leaf area; moreover, it decreased the number of days required to reach 50% bud burst. However, Dormex at 4% and 6% enhanced the stool Grand Period of Growth (GPG) by 1 and 2 months, respectively, compared with the untreated plants. Dormex treatments resulted in a significant increase in stool content of N, Ca, and Zn.

scholarly journals (316) Simulation Study of the Competitive Ability of Erect, Semi-erect, and Prostrate Cowpea Genotypes

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044C-1044
Author(s):  
Guangyao Wang ◽  
Milton E. McGiffen ◽  
John L. Lindquist ◽  
Jeff D. Ehlers ◽  
Ivan Sartorato
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
Growth Habits

Ecophysiological simulation models provide a quantitative method to predict the effects of management practices, plant characteristics, and environmental factors on crop and weed growth and competition. The INTERCOM interplant competition model was parameterized, calibrated by monoculture data for three cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) genotypes that differed in growth habit, common sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and common purslane (Portulaca oleracea), and used to simulate competition of cowpea cover crops with sunflower or purslane. The simulation results were compared with observations from field competition experiments in 2003 and 2004. INTERCOM did not simulate biomass production and leaf area index (LAI) of cowpea and purslane well, probably due to a lack of published data on purslane physiology. INTERCOM simulated the competition of cowpea genotypes and sunflower accurately. The simulation model of cowpea and sunflower at two densities was used to study the effects of cowpea growth habits on final biomass production of cowpea and sunflower. The model suggested that the erect growth habit was more competitive than the semi-erect and prostrate growth habits when cowpea genotypes were grown with sunflower. Cowpea leaf area distribution was important to higher cowpea biomass production, while cowpea height growth was important to reduce sunflower biomass.

scholarly journals Temperature and Photoperiod Effects on Fuchsia × hybrida Morphology

1991 ◽  
Vol 116 (6) ◽  
pp. 955-960 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Erwin ◽  
Royal D. Heins ◽  
Roar Moe
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Expansion ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Absolute Basis ◽  
Short Days

Fuchsia × hybrids `Dollar Princess' plants were grown under 35 day/night temperature (DT/NT) environments ranging from 10 to 30C over 2 years. Plants were grown under short days (SD) (9-hour 15-minute photoperiod) or long days (LD) (9-hour 15-minute photoperiod plus a 4-hour night interruption) within each environment. The influence of temperature on Fuchsia stem elongation and leaf expansion was best described by the relationship or difference (DIF) between DT and NT (DT - NT) rather than actual DT and NT between 10 and 25C. Both internode length and leaf area increased linearly as DIF increased from - 15 to + 15C with DT and NT between 10 and 25C. Internode length increased 0.129 and 0.071 cm/1C increase in DIF for LD- and SD-grown plants, respectively. Individual leaf area increased 0.52 and 0.40 cm2/1C increase in DIF for LD- and SD-grown plants, respectively. DT or NT above 24C reduced stem elongation and leaf expansion, regardless of DIF. The response of stem elongation and leaf expansion to DIF was greater on a percent basis when plants were grown under SD and LD, respectively. On an absolute basis, both internode length and leaf area were greater on LD-grown plants. Branching increased as average daily temperature decreased from 25 to 12C. Photoperiod did not affect branching.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document