Canopy Dynamics of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. III Effects of Drought

1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
EW Pook
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
New South ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Area Index ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Tree Survival ◽  
Severe Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata

The severe 7-month drought in coastal and adjacent tablelands regions of New South Wales in the latter half of 1980 caused heavy leaf-shedding, wilting of persistent foliage and bark-splitting in forest eucalypts. Defoliation of individual sample trees of E. maculata ranged from 50 to 97% of pre-drought leaf area. Leaf area index of a stand of E. maculata was reduced from c. 4.3 to 0.8. E. maculata was less susceptible to drought than E. globoidea and E. pilularis but more susceptible than E. Paniculata in mixed forest on the same site. Rapid recovery of the canopy occurred in autumn after the break of the drought and leaf areas of all sample trees attained pre-drought values or above by summer 1981-82. Leaf-shedding in response to severe water deficit appears to have been of adaptive significance in enhancing tree survival in a drought of this duration.

Long-term Variation of Litter Fall, Canopy Leaf Area and Flowering in a Eucalyptus maculata Forest on the South Coast of New South Wales

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 737 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Pook ◽  
A. M. Gill ◽  
P. H. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Coast ◽  
Litter Fall ◽  
The South ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Area Index ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata

Litter fall, canopy leaf area and environmental conditions were monitored in a regrowth stand of Eucalyptus maculata Hook. in Kioloa State Forest on the south coast of New South Wales, from spring 1977 to winter 1992. Litter fall during the first half of the study period was strongly influenced by two of the most serious droughts that had occurred in 100 years. Canopy renewal and, hence, leaf fall and changes of leaf area index (LAI), were also influenced by the flowering phenology of E. maculata. Total annual litter fall (including bark shed from lower boles) averaged 5.7 t ha-1 and ranged from 3.1 up to 7.5 t ha-1. The respective means (plus absolute ranges) of annual leaf, twig and bark fall were 2.8 (1.5–4.2), 0.9 (0.3–1.4) and 1.6 (0.5–3.1) t ha-1. Forest LAI varied between 0.7 and 5 m2 m-2. Leaves comprised 50% of the average annual litter fall; bark shed from lower boles of E. maculata contributed 0.63 t ha-1 to average annual bark fall. Flower buds were produced by a proportion of overstorey trees of E. maculata about every second year. Synchronous production and flowering of buds on all trees was observed only once in 15 years. Less than 15% of flower buds (overall) produced fruit.

Insect Herbivory in a Eucalyptus maculata Forest on the South Coast of New South Wales

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. W. Pook ◽  
A. M. Gill ◽  
P. H. R. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Insect Herbivory ◽  
South Coast ◽  
The South ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Insect Defoliation ◽  
South Wales

In most years between 1977 and 1992, insect defoliation was negligible in a regrowth stand of E. maculata Hook. on the south coast of New South Wales. However, leaf consumption by winter–spring infestations of cup moth larvae accounted for c. 6%, 19% and 4% of the total leaf loss from the canopy in 1989–90, 1990–91 and 1991–92, respectively. During the most serious infestation of 1990, cup moth larvae produced 0.56 t ha–1 of frass, equivalent to the consumption of c. 0.8 t ha–1, or c. 0.5 m2 m–2 of eucalypt leaf (c. 12% of winter leaf area index). In early November 1990, shortly after the infestation, an assessment of insect defoliation in the crown of a dominant tree revealed that (i) 47% of the leaf population was damaged, (ii) a larger proportion of older than younger leaves was damaged, (iii) the proportion of damaged leaves increased down the tree-crown profile, and (iv) 13% of the potential leaf area was missing. In the absence of further insect attack, the process of canopy renewal (leaf production and leaf fall) reduced the proportion of damaged leaves to 23% by June 1991.

Estimation of Eucalypt Forest Leaf Area Index on the South Coast of New South Wales using Landsat MSS Data

1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Coops ◽  
Antoine Delahaye ◽  
Eddy Pook
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Monitoring Site ◽  
Area Index ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Normalised Difference Vegetation Index

Research over the last decade has shown that regional estimation of Leaf Area Index (LAI) is possible using the ratio of red and near infrared radiation derived from satellite or airborne sensors. At landscape levels, however, this relationship has been more difficult to establish due to (i) logistic difficulties in measuring seasonal variation in LAI across the landscape over an extended period of time and (ii) difficulties in establishing the effect of understorey, canopy closure, and soil on the spectral radiation at fine spatial resolutions (< 100 m). This paper examines the first issue by utilising a temporal sequence of LAI data of a Eucalyptus mixed hardwood forest (E. maculata Hook., E. paniculata Sm., E. globoidea Blakely, E. pilularis Sm., E. sieberi L.Johnson) in south-eastern New South Wales and comparing it to historical Landsat Multi-Spectral Scanner (MSS) data covering a 9 year period. Field LAI was compared to the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Simple Ratio (SR) derived from the MSS data. Linear relationships were shown to be appropriate to relate both transformations to the LAI data with r2 -values of 0.71 and 0.53 respectively. Using the NDVI relationship, LAI values were estimated along a transect originating from the monitoring site and these were compared to percentage canopy cover values derived from aerial photography.

Canopy Dynamics of Eucalyptus maculata Hook .IV. Contrasting Responses to Two Severe Droughts

1986 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
EW Pook
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
New South ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Evaporative Demand ◽  
Forest Canopies ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Leaf Shedding ◽  
Eucalyptus Maculata

Contrasting responses of a Eucalyptus maculata forest at Kioloa on the south coast of New South Wales, Australia, to two serious droughts of similar duration and overall rainfall deficiency in 1980 and 1982 are described. Annual rainfall in 1982 was the lowest and that in 1980 the second lowest in a century. Pronounced shrinkage of tree boles in winter, wilting of foliage and massive leaf-shedding in the forest when soil moisture was exhausted during spring 1980 were not repeated in 1982-83, although measured soil water deficits reached extreme values on three occasions. Annual rainfall in 1982 was of more favourable distribution in relation to the occurrences of critical soil moisture deficits than in 1980. This, together with relatively low evaporative demand, enabled eucalypts to maintain an adequate internal water status, and explains the small response of forest canopies to one of the worst droughts ever in terms of rainfall deficiency.

Impacts of wildfires on the 2020 floods in southeast Australia: A vegetation data-assimilation case study  using the NASA coupled LIS/WRF-Hydro system

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Lahmers ◽  
Sujay Kumar ◽  
Aubrey Dugger ◽  
David Gochis ◽  
Joseph Santanello
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Hydrological Modeling ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Surface Energy Budget ◽  
Area Index ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Land Information System ◽  
The Impact

&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;In late 2019 widespread wildfires impacted much of the New South Wales province in south east Australia, and this loss of vegetation contributed to increased surface runoff and consequently major flooding caused by extreme rainfall by early 2020. The recently developed NASA LIS/WRF-Hydro system enables the data assimilation (DA) capabilities of the NASA Land Information System (LIS) and the surface hydrological modeling capabilities of the WRF-Hydro model to be combined in a single model architecture. Combining the DA capabilities of the LIS system with WRF-Hydro, which has been used for both research and operational hydrologic simulations, we investigate the impacts of vegetation DA on the simulated floods in several basins across New South Wales, with varying degrees of burn severity from the 2019 fires. We also consider the impacts of the wildfires, as realized through vegetation DA on water partitioning and the surface energy budget, which both have implications for L-A interactions. For DA, we utilize the leaf area index retrievals from MODIS and vegetation optical depth from SMAP. For the present study, we will quantify the impact of the changes to the landscape brought about by the wildfires on hydrologic response, including flood severity, which would not be possible without the DA capabilities of the LIS/WRF-Hydro system.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;

Growth, yield and nitrogen requirements of winter sown cereals grown after cotton or summer fallow in the lower Namoi Valley, New South Wales

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (125) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
GK McDonald ◽  
BG Sutton ◽  
FW Ellison
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Applied Nitrogen

Three winter cereals (wheat varieties Songlen and WW 15, triticale variety Satu) were grown after cotton or summer fallow under three levels of applied nitrogen (0, 100 and 200 kg N/ha) at Narrabri, New South Wales. The cereals were sown on August 7, 1980 and growing season rainfall was supplemented by a single irrigation. Leaf area, total shoot dry matter production and ears per square metre were lower after cotton than after summer fallow, while grain yields of cereals sown immediately after cotton were 33% lower than those sown after fallow. Adding nitrogen increased leaf area, dry matter and grain yields of crops grown after cotton and fallow, but significant increases were not obtained with more than 100 kg/ha of applied nitrogen. Crops grown after cotton required an application of 100 kg N/ha for leaf and dry matter production at anthesis to equal that of crops grown after fallow with no additional nitrogen. The corresponding cost to grain yield of growing cotton was equivalent to 200 kg N/ha. The low grain yield responses measured in this experiment (1 8 and 10% increase to 100 kg N/ha after cotton and fallow, respectively) were attributed to the combined effects of late sowing, low levels of soil moisture and loss, by denitrification, of some of the applied nitrogen. The triticale, Satu, yielded significantly less than the two wheats (1 99 g/m2 for Satu c.f. 255 and 286 g/m2 for Songlen and WW 15, respectively), and did not appear to be a viable alternative to wheat in a cotton rotation.

Epidemiology of Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici on wheat in southern New South Wales

1992 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Ellison ◽  
GM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Puccinia Striiformis ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Mean Temperature ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Development of stripe rust was observed on wheat cultivars that differed in reaction to the disease at the post booting stage of growth over 4 years (1984-1987) at Yanco and Wagga Wagga in southern New South Wales. In 1984, the epidemic began in August and the disease affected up to 20% of leaf area by the booting stage. The disease then ceased to develop in cultivars with moderately resistant or resistant adult plant reaction (APR) to stripe rust, but in susceptible wheats up to 82% of leaf area was affected by early milk stage of growth. The early onset in 1984 was associated with the highest rain in the previous summer-autumn (January-April) of the 4 years. In the other 3 years, the epidemics began laer. Stripe rust did not develop on cultivars with resistant APR, but it affected up to 97% of leaf area of the highly susceptible cultivar Avocet by early milk. The disease was more severe on later sown than early sown Avocet. The apparent rates of infection both before and after booting ranged from 0.02-0.41 per day. In each experiment, the rate was less on wheats with higher levels of APR while in 1984 the rate on all cultivars decreased from the pre-booting to the post-booting stage of crop growth. After booting, the apparent rates of infection on susceptible and moderately susceptible cultivars were postively correlated with the mean temperature during the period over which the rate was calculated, for the range 12.9-16.2�C. Over this range, the apparent rate of infection of susceptible wheats increased at 0.095 per day per �C while that of moderately susceptible wheats increased at 0.045 per day per �C. From 16.2-203�C the rate of susceptible wheats was negatively correlated with the mean temperature, and declined at 0.043 per day per �C. There was no significant relationship between apparent rate of infection and temperature for moderately resistant wheats after booting, or for rates before booting in 1984. Development of wheat, measured on the Zadoks scale, was linear from first appearance of the flag leaf (GS 37) to mid milk (GS 75) at both sites over the four years.

scholarly journals Retrieval of Leaf Area Index Using Sentinel-2 Imagery in a Mixed Mediterranean Forest Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Irene Chrysafis ◽  
Georgios Korakis ◽  
Apostolos P. Kyriazopoulos ◽  
Giorgos Mallinis
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Selection Procedure ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Spectral Indices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Spectral Bands ◽  
Sentinel 2

Leaf area index (LAI) is a crucial biophysical indicator for assessing and monitoring the structure and functions of forest ecosystems. Improvements in remote sensing instrumental characteristics and the availability of more efficient statistical algorithms, elevate the potential for more accurate models of vegetation biophysical properties including LAI. The aim of this study was to assess the spectral information of Sentinel-2 MSI satellite imagery for the retrieval of LAI over a mixed forest ecosystem located in northwest Greece. Forty-eight field plots were visited for the collection of ground LAI measurements using an ACCUPAR LP-80: PAR & LAI Ceptometer. Spectral bands and spectral indices were used for LAI model development using the Gaussian processes regression (GPR) algorithm. A variable selection procedure was applied to improve the model’s prediction accuracy, and variable importance was investigated for identifying the most informative variables. The model resulting from spectral indices’ variables selection produced the most precise predictions of LAI with a coefficient of determination of 0.854. Shortwave infrared bands and the normalized canopy index (NCI) were identified as the most important features for LAI prediction.

scholarly journals A Model with Leaf Area Index and Trunk Diameter for LoRaWAN Radio Propagation in Eastern China Mixed Forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Yin Wu ◽  
Genwei Guo ◽  
Guiyun Tian ◽  
Wenbo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Path Loss ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Growth Monitoring ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Energy Consumption Optimization

Internet of Things (IoT) is a very promising technology in forest engineering, especially for the environment and plant growth monitoring. LoRa Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) is a prevailing choice for the Forestry IoT owing to its low-power and long-range ability. Real-world deployment and network optimization require accurate path-loss modeling, so the LoRaWAN radio channel in the forest is needed to be intensively studied. However, most of the subsistent propagation models do not involve specific forestry environmental parameters. In this paper, two parameters related with the trees are considered: the leaf area index and the tree trunk diameter. Due to the time-changing characteristics of these two items (from spring to winter), an empirical model has been developed through extensive measurement campaigns: Firstly, the channel measurement platform is designed based on a real scene of mixed forest. Secondly, the fading characteristics of the channel transmission for LoRa nodes are tested, and the corresponding model is presented and evaluated. Lastly, an energy harvesting LoRaWAN is deployed and operated in a sampled forest region of Eastern China for environment monitoring based on our propagation model. The results show that 433 MHz LoRa path loss in the mingled forest could be precisely predicted by our proposed model. Moreover, network coverage and energy consumption optimization of the LoRa nodes could be performed, which enables the perpetual development of reliable forestry evolution monitoring system.

Spatial variability of aboveground net primary production for a forested landscape in northern Wisconsin

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2007-2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S N Burrows ◽  
S T Gower ◽  
J M Norman ◽  
G Diak ◽  
D S Mackay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Mixed Forest ◽  
Forested Wetlands ◽  
Area Index

Quantifying forest net primary production (NPP) is critical to understanding the global carbon cycle because forests are responsible for a large portion of the total terrestrial NPP. The objectives of this study were to measure above ground NPP (NPPA) for a land surface in northern Wisconsin, examine the spatial patterns of NPPA and its components, and correlate NPPA with vegetation cover types and leaf area index. Mean NPPA for aspen, hardwoods, mixed forest, upland conifers, nonforested wetlands, and forested wetlands was 7.8, 7.2, 5.7, 4.9, 5.0, and 4.5 t dry mass·ha–1·year–1, respectively. There were significant (p = 0.01) spatial patterns in wood, foliage, and understory NPP components and NPPA (p = 0.03) when the vegetation cover type was included in the model. The spatial range estimates for the three NPP components and NPPA differed significantly from each other, suggesting that different factors are influencing the components of NPP. NPPA was significantly correlated with leaf area index (p = 0.01) for the major vegetation cover types. The mean NPPA for the 3 km × 2 km site was 5.8 t dry mass·ha–1·year–1.

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