The Impact of Fire on Tasmanian Alpine Vegetation and Soils

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 613 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Kirkpatrick ◽  
KJM Dickinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Alpine Vegetation ◽  
Deciduous Shrubs ◽  
The Impact

Observations were made across 11-40-year-old fire boundaries in Tasmanian alpine areas of varying macroenvironment and flora. Organic matter and total nitrogen in the surface soil were significantly less where the vegetation had been recently burned. There were no significant differences between recently burned and recently unburned plots in contents of phosphorus, potassium, calcium or sodium or in pH. The burned plots contained few or no gymnosperms or deciduous shrubs, the most frequent dominants of the unburned vegetation. Most other shrubs were markedly less important in the burned than in the unburned plots, although most species of bolster form were little affected by fire, and some composite shrubs were most abundant on the burned plots. Most herbaceous species had equal or greater cover on the burned plots than on the unburned plots. The burned vegetation of the eastern mountains appeared to regenerate more quickly than that of the more oligotrophic western mountains.

Study on the Impact of DO and Organic Matter on Aerobic Granular Sludge Treating Municipal Sewage

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 603-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yu ◽  
Hai Jiao Yu ◽  
Chen Ci Ma
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Granular Sludge ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Aerobic Granular Sludge ◽  
Municipal Sewage ◽  
Aerobic Conditions ◽  
Do Concentration ◽  
The Impact

The experiment uses municipal sewage as the research object and runs SBR reactor in completely aerobic conditions. Through controlling different of DO concentration and COD concentration, we study spreading comparison. The results show that when DO concentration was 1mg/L, the removal effect of aerobic granular sludge process in SBR treating municipal sewage was best, the average removal rate of COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorous was 90.12%,98.95%,87.65% and 83.74% respectively. When COD concentration of influent was about 400mg/L, the treatment effects of aerobic granular sludge for COD, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and phosphorous were all better, the average removal rate was up to 92.33%,98.83%,88.17% and 80.25% respectively.

FIXED AMMONIUM IN SOME SASKATCHEWAN SOILS

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Hinman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
Virgin Soil ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Nitrogenous Substances

Nitrogen, as fixed ammonium, occurred in the five profiles of arable soil of different texture which were examined. The amounts observed increased with increasing soil depth in four of the profiles. Total amounts found in the 4-ft profiles varied from 2600 to 4600 lb per acre and ranged from 7% of the total nitrogen in the surface soil to as much as 58% in the soil at the 4-ft depth.When the fixed ammonium nitrogen was subtracted from the total nitrogen the C:N ratios of these soils increased very sharply with depth, indicating that the subsoil organic matter was less rich in nitrogenous substances than was that of the surface soil.The clay fractions of the profiles were mineralogically similar and contained essentially the same amounts of fixed ammonium, approximately 2.4 meq ammonium per 100 g of clay. The silt fractions contained approximately 1.8 meq fixed ammonium per 100 g of silt. These fractions accounted for nearly all the fixed ammonium nitrogen observed except in the coarser-textured soils.Fixed ammonium and total nitrogen analysis of 25 paired samples of cultivated and virgin soil indicated that although the average total nitrogen had been reduced by one-third, there had been little or no effect on the amount of fixed ammonium N in the surface soil.

Mats of unincorporated organic matter under irrigated pastures

1966 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
CR Kleinig
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Total Nitrogen Content ◽  
Soil Types

A mat of partially decomposed organic matter which forms on the surface of solls carrying irrigated pastures is described. It was found under both annual and perennial irrigated pastures on soil types ranging from sandy loams and loams (red-brown earths) to heavy clays (grey and brown soils of heavy texture). Mat weights ranged from 8 000 to 92 000 lb/acre, and the amounts of nitrogen held in them from 85 to 1 240 lb/acre, for 8- to 15-year-old pastures. Age of pasture was not significantly correlated with either mat weight or mat nitrogen content, but it was significantly correlated with the total nitrogen content of the mat and surface soil. The distribution of accumulated nitrogen between the mat and surface soil varied considerably under annual pastures on heavy-textured soils. Carbon/nitrogen ratios indicate considerable decomposition of the organic matter In the mat, and up to 0.60 in, of water available to the pasture was retained in this layer after irrigation. The significance of the mat under irrigated pastures is discussed in terms of water and nitrogen relationships.

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

Fish farming in Denmark: environmental impact of regulative legislation

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 73-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Iversen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Aquatic Environment ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Local Impact ◽  
The Impact

The main environmental problems associated with fish farming in Denmark are attributable to the dam, the “dead reach” and nutrient and organic matter discharge. The environmental regulation of fish farming in Denmark started with the Environmental Protection Act of 1974, the Statutory Order of 1985 forbidding wet feed, and the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987. In the case of freshwater fish farms, the latter was implemented through the measures stipulated in the 1989 Statutory Order on Fish Farms. The impact of Danish legislative measures to reduce and regulate the environmental effects of freshwater fish farms can be summarized as follows: - the number of fish farms has been reduced from about 800 in 1974 to about 500 at present; - production has tripled since 1974 and has been stable since 1989; - a change from wet to dry feed has reduced the environmental impact of the farms; - the national goals of the Action Plan on the Aquatic Environment of 1987 for reducing fish farm discharges of organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus have been fulfilled. The main remaining problems are that: - the local impact of fish farms on downstream stream quality is still much too high in about 15% of cases; - the problem of the passage of migrating invertebrates and fish is still unsolved at some farms; - the problems posed by “dead reaches” are still unsolved. It is concluded that sustainable fish farming is possible in Denmark, but with the present technology production will have to be significantly reduced.

scholarly journals Effect of Sewage Sludge Compost Usage on Corn and Faba Bean Growth, Carbon and Nitrogen Forms in Plants and Soil

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 628
Author(s):  
Hassan E. Abd Elsalam ◽  
Mohamed E. El- Sharnouby ◽  
Abdallah E. Mohamed ◽  
Bassem M. Raafat ◽  
Eman H. El-Gamal
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Amended Soils ◽  
Nitrogen Levels

Sewage sludge is an effective fertilizer in many soil types. When applied as an amendment, sludge introduces, in addition to organic matter, plant nutrients into the soil. When applied for cropland as a fertilizer, the mass loading of sewage sludge is customarily determined by inputs of N and/or P required to support optimal plant growth and a successful harvest. This study aims to examine the changes in organic matter contents and nitrogen forms in sludge-amended soils, as well as the growth of corn and faba bean plants. The main results indicated that there were higher responses to the corn and faba bean yields when sludge was added. Levels of organic carbon in soil were higher after maize harvest and decreased significantly after harvesting of beans, and were higher in sludge amended soils than unmodified soils, indicating the residual effect of sludge in soil. NO3−-N concentrations were generally higher in the soil after maize harvest than during the plant growth period, but this trend was not apparent in bean soil. The amounts of NH4+-N were close in the soil during the growth period or after the maize harvest, while they were higher in the soil after the bean harvest than they were during the growth period. Total nitrogen amounts were statistically higher in the soil during the growth period than those collected after the corn harvest, while they were approximately close in the bean soil. The total nitrogen amount in corn and bean leaves increased significantly in plants grown on modified sludge soil. There were no significant differences in the total nitrogen levels of the maize and beans planted on the treated soil.

Soil stripping and replacement for the rehabilitation of bauxite-mined land at Weipa. I. Initial changes to soil organic matter and related parameters

Soil Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
D. R. Mulligan ◽  
L. C. Bell
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Double Pass ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Difference

At Weipa, in Queensland, Australia, sown tree and shrub species sometimes fail to establish on bauxite-mined land, possibly because surface-soil organic matter declines during soil stripping and replacement. We devised 2 field experiments to investigate the links between soil rehabilitation operations, organic matter decline, and revegetation failure. Experiment 1 compared two routinely practiced operations, dual-strip (DS) and stockpile soil, with double-pass (DP), an alternative method, and subsoil only, an occasional result of the DS operation. Other treatments included variations in stripping-time, ripping-time, fertiliser rate, and cultivation. Dilution of topsoil with subsoil, low-grade bauxite, and ironstone accounted for the 46% decline of surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C in DS compared with pre-strip soil. In contrast, organic C in the surface-soil (0–10 cm) of DP plots (25.0 t/ha) closely resembled the pre-strip area (28.6 t/ha). However, profile (0–60 cm) organic C did not differ between DS (91.5 t/ha), DP (107 t/ha), and pre-strip soil (89.9 t/ha). Eighteen months after plots were sown with native vegetation, surface-soil (0–10 cm) organic C had declined by an average of 9% across all plots. In Experiment 2, we measured the potential for post-rehabilitation decline of organic matter in hand-stripped and replaced soil columns that simulated the DS operation. Soils were incubated in situ without organic inputs. After 1 year’s incubation, organic C had declined by up to 26% and microbial biomass C by up to 61%. The difference in organic C decline between vegetated replaced soils (Expt 1) and bare replaced soils (Expt 2) showed that organic inputs affect levels of organic matter more than soil disturbance. Where topsoil was replaced at the top of the profile (DP) and not ploughed, inputs from volunteer native grasses balanced oxidation losses and organic C levels did not decline.

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