Biomass and Nutrient Accumulation in a Planted E. globulus (Labill.) Fertilizer Trial

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
RN Cromer ◽  
ER Williams
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Allometric Relationship ◽  
Maximum Accumulation ◽  
Biomass Components ◽  
Four Levels

The above ground biomass of Eucalyptus globulus was estimated four times during 9.5 years in a plantation treated with four levels of fertilizer. A linear relationship between biomass components and tree basal area was appropriate up to 4 years of age but the allometric relationship was more suitable in subsequent years. A biomass of 3 kg m-2 took 9 . 5 years to accumulate in unfertilized plots compared with 4 years in heavily fertilized plots. Net primary production reached 1 , 5 kg m-2 year-1 in the heavily fertilized plots between 6 and 9.5 years of age. Nitrogen accumulation in heavily fertilized plots reached a peak of 2.6 g m-2 year-1 before 2 years of age compared with a plateau of 0.8 g m-2 year-1 in unfertilized plots. Maximum accumulation of phosphorus in heavily fertilized and unfertilized trees was 0.25 and 0.10 g m-2 year-1 respectively. The effect of fertilizer on nutrient accumulation disappeared during the period from 6 to 9.5 years.

scholarly journals Forest Structure, Composition and Above Ground Biomass of Tree Community in Tropical Dry Forests of Eastern Ghats, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudam Charan SAHU ◽  
H.S. SURESH ◽  
N.H. RAVINDRANATH
Keyword(s):  
Forest Structure ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Tropical Dry Forests ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
C Stocks

The study of biomass, structure and composition of tropical forests implies also the investigation of forest productivity, protection of biodiversity and removal of CO2 from the atmosphere via C-stocks. The hereby study aimed at understanding the forest structure, composition and above ground biomass (AGB) of tropical dry deciduous forests of Eastern Ghats, India, where as a total of 128 sample plots (20 x 20 meters) were laid. The study showed the presence of 71 tree species belonging to 57 genera and 30 families. Dominant tree species was Shorea robusta with an importance value index (IVI) of 40.72, while Combretaceae had the highest family importance value (FIV) of 39.01. Mean stand density was 479 trees ha-1 and a basal area of 15.20 m2 ha-1. Shannon’s diversity index was 2.01 ± 0.22 and Simpson’s index was 0.85 ± 0.03. About 54% individuals were in the size between 10 and 20 cm DBH, indicating growing forests. Mean above ground biomass value was 98.87 ± 68.8 Mg ha-1. Some of the dominant species that contributed to above ground biomass were Shorea robusta (17.2%), Madhuca indica (7.9%), Mangifera indica (6.9%), Terminalia alata (6.9%) and Diospyros melanoxylon (4.4%), warranting extra efforts for their conservation. The results suggested that C-stocks of tropical dry forests can be enhanced by in-situ conserving the high C-density species and also by selecting these species for afforestation and stand improvement programs. Correlations were computed to understand the relationship between above ground biomass, diversity indices, density and basal area, which may be helpful for implementation of REDD+ (reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, and foster conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks) scheme.

Plant Community Structure and Composition in Uneven-aged Stands of Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine at Four Basal Area Levels

1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip A. Tappe ◽  
Michael D. Cain ◽  
T. Bently Wigley ◽  
Derik J. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Shortleaf Pine ◽  
Single Tree ◽  
Single Tree Selection ◽  
Four Levels

Abstract The effects of overstory pine basal area on plant community structure and composition were assessed in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines (Pinus taedaL. and P. echinata Mill.) in southern Arkansas. Basal area treatments were 40, 60, 80, and 100 ft2/ac for the merchantable pine component (>3.5 in. dbh) and were maintained on a 6 yr cutting cycle using single-tree selection. Assessments of plant communities were made 10 yr after a single hardwood control treatment. The four levels of pine basal area had no effect on percent ground cover of most plants <3 ft tall, but ground cover from graminoids decreased as pine basal area increased. Vertical cover above loft height increased 33% as overstory basal area increased from 40 to 100 ft2/ac, but basal area had no effect on horizontal cover in height zones between 0 and 10ft. It is concluded that uneven-aged stands of loblolly-shortleaf pine with merchantable basal areas of from 40 to 100 ft²/ac may support similar plant species in the understory and consequently probably provide similar habitat requirements for a variety of game and nongame wildlife. South. J. Appl. For. 19(2):84-88.

Uptake, partitioning and utilization of carbon and nitrogen in the phloem bleeding tree, Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus)

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 869
Author(s):  
John S. Pate ◽  
David J. Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Assimilate Transport ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Empirical Modelling ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
C And N ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
Growing Shoot

This paper originates from a presentation at the International Conference on Assimilate Transport and Partitioning, Newcastle, NSW, August 1999 An empirical modelling procedure was employed to follow uptake, transport and utilization of photo-assimilated carbon (C) and soil-derived nitrogen (N) over a 19-d period (November 1998) in 2-year-old plantation-grown trees of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. Models utilized data for gains and losses of C and N in dry matter (DM) of tree parts, CO2 exchanges and transpiration of foliage, respiratory losses of stems and roots, C:N weight ratios of xylem and phloem sap collected at different sites within the system, and phloem sap sugar concentration gradients along trunks and branches to indicate directions of assimilate flow. The model for C depicted the fate of exported fixed C from four levels of branches on the shoot system, cycling of 16% of the C supplied from shoot to root back to the shoot in xylem, major involvement of xylem-derived C in nourishment of rapidly growing branches, and a net daily respiratory output per tree equivalent to 39% of its net daytime photosynthetic gain in C by foliage. The model for N showed that upper growing shoot parts gained more N mobilized from lower branches than was being acquired from soil. It also indicated high rates of cycling of N through mature foliage, effective retention of xylem-derived N by growing branches and apices, and feedback of substantial amounts of phloem-exported N from lower branches into xylem moving further up the trunk. Transpiration loss per tree was equivalent to 272 mL g–1 DM accumulated. Data are discussed in relation to similarly executed C:N partitioning studies on herbaceous annual species.

Effect of midrotation fertilization on growth and specific gravity of loblolly pine

2009 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Finto Antony ◽  
Lewis Jordan ◽  
Richard F. Daniels ◽  
Laurence R. Schimleck ◽  
Alexander Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Wood Property ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wood Properties ◽  
Fertilization Rate ◽  
Breast Height ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Property Changes

Wood properties and growth were measured on breast-height cores and on disks collected at different heights from a thinned and fertilized midrotation loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) plantation in the lower Coastal Plain of North Carolina. The study was laid out in a randomized complete-block design receiving four levels of nitrogen (N) fertilizer: unfertilized control and 112, 224, and 336 kg/ha plus 28 kg/ha of phosphorus with each treatment. The effect of fertilization was analyzed for the whole-disk and for a 4 year average following fertilization on data collected from breast-height cores and from disks. The fertilization treatments did not significantly affect whole-disk wood properties but significantly increased radial growth. Fertilization rate of 336 kg/ha N significantly reduced 4 year average ring specific gravity and latewood specific gravity. Wood properties of trees that received 112 and 224 kg/ha N were not affected following treatment. There was no height related trend in wood property changes due to fertilization. Fertilization significantly increased ring basal area and earlywood basal area. In summary, there was a decline in wood properties and an increase in basal area growth immediately after fertilization; both depended on the rate of fertilizer applied irrespective of height.

Biomass and nutrient element dynamics in Douglas-fir: effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization over 18 years

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Mitchell ◽  
H.J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix ◽  
D.F.W. Pollard ◽  
R. Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Period

The effects of thinning (two-thirds of basal area removed) and N fertilization (448 kg N/ha as urea) on biomass and nutrition of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand at Shawnigan Lake were studied over 18 years. At years 0, 9, and 18 after treatments, the aboveground biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of stemwood, stem bark, foliage, and dead and live branches were determined (kg/ha), and increments in these properties (kg•ha−1•year−1) were calculated for the 0–9 and 9–18 year periods. Foliar biomass was increased by both treatments during the first period and also by thinning in the second period. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit of foliage biomass (foliage efficiency) was increased by treatments in the 0–9 year period. The combined effects of increased foliage mass and foliage efficiency resulted in increased total biomass production. Thinning and fertilization increased the uptake of all elements except for P with fertilization. This increase may have contributed to the long-term increase in stem growth. Retranslocation of elements before foliage shedding was important for tree nutrition, but was not improved by fertilization during the 9–18 year measurement period. The efficiency of N use in dry matter production (ANPP/unit of N uptake) was decreased by fertilization. This implied that poor sites would respond better to fertilization than rich sites.

Allometric relationships and community biomass estimates for some dominant eucalypts in Central Queensland woodlands

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 707 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Burrows ◽  
M. B. Hoffmann ◽  
J. F. Compton ◽  
P. V. Back ◽  
L. J. Tait
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Carbon Stocks ◽  
Allometric Equations ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Inventory ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Crebra ◽  
The Mean

Allometric equations are presented relating stem circumference to branch, leaf, trunk, bark, total above-ground and lignotuber biomass for Eucalyptus crebra F.Muell. (woodland trees), E. melanophloia Sol. Ex Gaerth. (both woodland and regrowth community trees) and E. populnea F.Muell. (woodland trees). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) between the slopes of individual lognormal regression lines plotting stem circumference against total above-ground biomass for E. crebra, E. melanophloia and E. populnea. Root-to-shoot ratios and leaf area indices were also determined for the stands contributing to each regression. The regressions were then applied to measured eucalypt stems in the associated plant community to give estimates of each stand’s component (eucalypt tree fraction only) biomass per hectare. These eucalypt regressions were next applied to measured stems of each species on a total of 33 woodland sites in which these eucalypts individually contributed > 75% of total site basal area. Above-ground biomass/basal area relationships averaged 6.74 0.29 t m–2 basal area for 11 E. crebra sites, 5.11 0.28 t m–2 for 12 E. melanophloia sites and 5.81 0.11 t m–2 for 10 E. populnea sites. The mean relationship for all sites was 5.86 0.18 t m–2 basal area. The allometric relationships presented at both individual tree and stand levels, along with calculated biomass : basal area relationships, enable ready estimates to be made of above-ground biomass (carbon stocks) in woodlands dominated by these eucalypts in Queensland, assuming individual stem circumferences or community basal areas are known. However, to document changes in carbon stocks (e.g. for Greenhouse Gas Inventory or Carbon Offset trading purposes), more attention needs to be placed on monitoring fluxes in the independent variables (predictors) of these allometric equations.

scholarly journals Importance Of Small Diameter Woody Plants And Treelet Species In Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest Of Southern Western Ghats, India

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A Sreejith ◽  
M. S Sanil ◽  
T. S Prasad ◽  
M. P Prejith ◽  
V. B Sreekumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Evergreen Forest ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Forest Inventories ◽  
Southern Western Ghats ◽  
Diameter Classes

Tropical forests have long been accepted for their productivity and ecosystem services on account of their high diversity and stand structural attributes. In spite of their significance, tropical forests, and especially those of Asia, remain understudied. Until recently, most forest inventories in Asia have concentrated on trees 10 cm in diameter. Floristic composition, plant species diversity, above-ground biomass, basal area, and diversity were investigated across different life forms and two-diameter classes in a large-scale 10-ha plot, in the undisturbed tropical seasonal rain forest of Southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India. The regeneration pattern of the study area was examined by evaluating fisher's alpha and IVI (Important Value Index) across three layers of vegetation (seedling, sapling, and tree). Within the plot, we recorded 25,390 woody plant species ≥1 cm dbh from 45 families, 91 genera, and 106 species. Plant density was 2539 woody individuals per hectare, with a basal area of 47.72 m2/ha and above-ground biomass of 421.77 Mg/ha. By basal area, density, and frequency, the Rubiaceae, Sapotaceae, and Malvaceae families were the most important. Small-diameter trees (1 cm ≤ dbh ≤10 cm) were found to be 78 percent of the total tree population, 20.2 percent of the basal area, and 1.4 percent of the aboveground biomass. They also possessed 6 percent more diversity at the family level, 10% more diversity at the genus level, and 12% more diversity at the species level than woody individuals under 10 cm dbh. Woody individuals of treelets life form and small-diameter classes were much more diverse and dense than the other groups, indicating that results based only on larger canopy trees and larger diameter class maybe not be an appropriate representation of the diversity status of a particular tropical forest type. The lower density of individuals in the initial girth class indicates the vulnerability of the forest system to anthropogenic, natural disturbance and a changing climate. Reduce the minimum diameter limit down to 1 cm, in contrast to 10 cm limit used in most of the evergreen forest inventories, revealed a high density and diversity in the lower stories.

scholarly journals Plant communities responding to grazing pressure by sheep in an Alpine meadow

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 1174-1181
Author(s):  
Jianping Wu ◽  
Xuyin Gong ◽  
Xixi Yao ◽  
David P Casper
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Grassland Ecosystem ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Chinese grassland ecosystem is an important national asset that not only impacts climate regulation, soil and water conservation, wind protection, and soil carbon and nitrogen fixation but is also an important contributor to maintaining grassland biodiversity while supporting livestock production. Grasslands are a key component contributing to the productivity of grazing animals but also provide basic food production via livestock grazing for herder survival. Grazing is the most basic means of grassland utilization but is considered one of the more important disturbance factors controllable by humans that has a universal and profound impact on the grassland ecosystem due to animal density and over grazing. For Alpine grasslands, it is not clear what grazing intensity (GI) can be achieved to improve plant biodiversity and vegetative nutritional value while improving sheep productivity. This field experiment was conducted for 7 yr comparing the impact of different GI on vegetation community characteristics, nutritional value, and sheep growth performance on the Alpine meadows of the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau. The GI measured were: Control: 0 sheep/ha; Low: 3.7 sheep/ha; Medium: 5.3 sheep/ha; and Heavy: 7.6 sheep/ha. The grazing experiment started in 2008, but experimental data collection and analyses were collected for the final 4 yr of 2015 through 2018. All grazing intensities &gt;0 sheep/ha reduced (P &lt; 0.05) plant height (27%, 46%, and 48%, respectively, for 3.7, 5.3, and 7.6 sheep/ha), ground coverage (16%, 24%, and 48%), and above ground biomass (2%, 42% and 53%) of the various plant communities while increasing (P &lt; 0.05) the grass community density (individuals/m2) compared to a nongrazed Control. With increasing GI, the community height, coverage, and above-ground biomass decreased (P &lt; 0.05), and the plant community density increased then decreased (P &lt; 0.05) compared to Control. As GI increased, the available community biomass nutritional quality increased (P &lt; 0.05). Comprehensive analysis showed that the community density (quantity) and nutritional quality were the highest when the GI was 5.3 sheep/ha. The higher the GI, the greater the grass’s nutritive value with lower above-ground net primary production (ANPP). When GI was the highest, the average daily gain (ADG) per hectare was the highest in the short term, but the highest GI endangers the ANPP and profitability of the grassland grazing ecosystem in the long term. Targeting a moderate GI (5.3 sheep/ha) can provide 78% of the ADG per hectare of the highest GI, which meets the requirement of maintaining a sustainable grazing grassland.

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