Biomass and nutrient element dynamics in Douglas-fir: effects of thinning and nitrogen fertilization over 18 years

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Mitchell ◽  
H.J. Barclay ◽  
H. Brix ◽  
D.F.W. Pollard ◽  
R. Benton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Net Primary Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Second Period

The effects of thinning (two-thirds of basal area removed) and N fertilization (448 kg N/ha as urea) on biomass and nutrition of a 24-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stand at Shawnigan Lake were studied over 18 years. At years 0, 9, and 18 after treatments, the aboveground biomass and N, P, K, Ca, and Mg contents of stemwood, stem bark, foliage, and dead and live branches were determined (kg/ha), and increments in these properties (kg•ha−1•year−1) were calculated for the 0–9 and 9–18 year periods. Foliar biomass was increased by both treatments during the first period and also by thinning in the second period. Aboveground net primary production (ANPP) per unit of foliage biomass (foliage efficiency) was increased by treatments in the 0–9 year period. The combined effects of increased foliage mass and foliage efficiency resulted in increased total biomass production. Thinning and fertilization increased the uptake of all elements except for P with fertilization. This increase may have contributed to the long-term increase in stem growth. Retranslocation of elements before foliage shedding was important for tree nutrition, but was not improved by fertilization during the 9–18 year measurement period. The efficiency of N use in dry matter production (ANPP/unit of N uptake) was decreased by fertilization. This implied that poor sites would respond better to fertilization than rich sites.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Tillage of a Long-term No-Till Land on Crop Yield and Nutrient Uptake in Two Contrasting Soil Types

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miles Dyck ◽  
Sukhdev S. Malhi ◽  
Marvin Nyborg ◽  
Dyck Puurveen
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
No Till

<p>Pre-seeding tillage of long-term no-till (NT) land may alter crop production by changing the availability of some nutrients in soil. Effects of short-term (4 years) tillage (hereafter called reverse tillage [RT]) of land previously under long-term (29 or 30 years) NT, with straw management (straw removed [SRem] and straw retained [SRet]) and N fertilizer rate (0, 50 and 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in SRet, and 0 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in SRem plots), were determined on plant yield (seed + straw, or harvested as forage/silage at soft dough stage), and N and P uptake in growing seasons from 2010 to 2013 at Breton (Gray Luvisol [Typic Cryoboralf] loam) and from 2009 to 2012 at Ellerslie (Black Chernozem [Albic Argicryoll] loam), Alberta, Canada. Plant yield, N uptake and P uptake tended to be greater with RT compared to NT in most cases at both sites, although significant in a few cases only at Ellerslie. On average over both sites, RT produced greater plant yield by 560 kg ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, N uptake by 5.8 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup>, and P uptake by 1.8 kg P ha<sup>-1</sup> yr<sup>-1</sup> than NT. There was no consistent beneficial effect of straw retention on plant yield, N uptake and P uptake in different years. Plant yield, N uptake and P uptake increased with N fertilization at both sites, with up to the maximum rate of applied N at 100 kg N ha<sup>-1</sup> in 3 of 4 years at Breton and in 2 of 4 years at Ellerslie. In conclusion, our findings suggested some beneficial impact of occasional tillage of long-term NT soil on crop yield and nutrient uptake.</p>

Growth response of young, thinned Douglas-fir stands to nitrogen fertilizer in relation to soil properties and tree nutrition

1994 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1684-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hopmans ◽  
H.N. Chappell
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Relative Volume ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Area And Volume

Application of 224 kg N/ha to young, thinned stands of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) at 35 sites in western Oregon and Washington significantly increased basal area and volume increment over 8 years following treatment. However, response varied considerably between sites, and relative volume increment exceeded 10% at only 19 of the 35 sites. Response to applied N was evaluated in relation to forest floor and soil variables as well as to levels of N in foliage. Relative responses in basal area and volume were significantly correlated with total N concentration and the C/N ratio of the soil. However, these relationships explained only part (18–22%) of the observed variation in response. In contrast, relative response was strongly correlated with the level of N in the foliage of nonfertilized trees at 11 sites, accounting for 94% of the variation between sites. Use of foliar N data clearly has potential to predict growth responses to N fertilization of young thinned Douglas-fir stands, although further work is needed to test the relationship for a wider range of sites and stands.

Above- and below-ground net production in 40-year-old Douglas-fir stands on low and high productivity sites

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Keyes ◽  
Charles C. Grier
Keyword(s):  
Fine Roots ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Net Primary Production ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Net Production ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Productivity Potential

Above- and below-ground net primary production was estimated for 40-year-old Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) stands growing on sites with apparently large differences in productivity potential. Aboveground net production was estimated from direct measurements of tree growth; belowground productivity was derived from data obtained by sorting live and dead roots from soil cores used in combination with measurements of root growth on observation windows.Aboveground net production was 13.7 t•ha−1 on the high productivity site and 7.3 t•ha−1 on the low productivity site. Belowground dry matter production on the high productivity site was 4.1 t•ha−1 compared with 8.1 t•ha−1 for the poorer site. On the more productive site, 8% of total stand dry matter production was in fine roots in contrast to over 36% on the poorer site. The difference in total net production (aboveground plus belowground) between the two sites was small (2.4 t•ha−1). Apparent differences in aboveground productivity may, to a large extent, result from the need for a greater investment in the fine roots on harsher sites.

scholarly journals Assessing Wheat Response to N Fertilization in a Wheat–Maize–Soybean Long-Term Rotation through NUE Measurements

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 941
Author(s):  
Roxana Vidican ◽  
Anamaria Mălinaș ◽  
Ioan Rotar ◽  
Rozalia Kadar ◽  
Valeria Deac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Variety ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Nitrogen fertilization is indispensable in increasing wheat crop productivity but, in order to achieve maximum profitable production and minimum negative environmental impact, improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) should be considered. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in a long-term wheat–maize–soybean rotation system with the final purpose of increasing the overall performance of the wheat cropping system. Research was undertaken at the Agricultural Research Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda), located in Western Transylvania Plain, Romania. The experimental field was carried out at a fixed place during seven wheat vegetation seasons. The plant material consisted of a wheat variety created by the ARDS Turda (Andrada), one variety of maize (Turda 332) and one variety of soybean (Felix). The experiment covered two planting patterns: wheat after maize and wheat after soybean and five levels of nitrogen fertilization (control-unfertilized, fertilization with 0—control plot, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg N ha−1 y−1). The following indices were assessed: NUE (nitrogen use efficiency), N uptake and PFP (partial factor productivity). The results of the present study suggest that reduced N-fertilization doses could improve N uptake and utilization for both planting patterns.

Mineralization and immobilization of soil nitrogen in two Douglas-fir stands 15 and 22 years after nitrogen fertilization

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 798-801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell H. Strader ◽  
Dan Binkley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Microbial Immobilization ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Net Mineralization ◽  
Infertile Soils

Additions of 15N-labelled ammonium chloride were used to examine the role of microbial immobilization in long-term growth response of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsugamenziesii (Mirb.) Franco) plantations to nitrogen fertilization. Soil samples were collected in the summer of 1986 from fertilized (448 or 470 kg N/ha) and nonfertilized plots at previously established N fertilization experiments near Shawnigan Lake, British Columbia, and the Wind River Experimental Forest near Carson, Washington. Douglas-fir on these sites were reported to still be responding to N fertilization after 12 and 18 years. Less than 2% of the added 15N was recovered as mineral N after a 14-day laboratory incubation of soil samples from the fertilized and nonfertilized plots. This indicates that gross mineralization could be over 50 times greater than net mineralization in these infertile soils if the remaining 98% of the added 15N was all biologically immobilized. Net mineralization was significantly greater (p ≤ 0.10) in soils from the fertilized plots than in those from the non-fertilized plots at the Wind River site. Though the current differences in N availability did not appear to be related to differences in microbial immobilization, such large rates of immobilization warrant closer scrutiny as a factor in long-term response to fertilization.

Long-term effects of thinning and fertilization on growth of red fir in northeastern California

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1285-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianwei Zhang ◽  
William W Oliver ◽  
Robert F Powers
Keyword(s):  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Stand Development ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Fourth Period ◽  
Abies Magnifica ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second Period

To determine the impact of fertilization and thinning on growth and development of red fir (Abies magnifica A. Murr.) stands, we established an experiment in a 60-year-old stand using a 2 × 3 factorial design with nitrogen-fertilized and nonfertilized treatments and three stocking levels. Plots were established in 1976 and were measured every 5 years for 26 years. The periodic annual increment in basal area was 97%, 51%, 38%, and 33% greater in fertilized trees than in nonfertilized trees during the first, second, third, and fourth 5-year periods, respectively. After 20 years, annual basal area increment was greater in nonfertilized trees. The response of annual volume increment to fertilization was not statistically significant until the fourth period. Yet, volume increases of the fertilized plots were 25%–92% greater than those of the nonfertilized plots from 1976 to 1996. Similarly, basal area increment was greater in lightly thinned plots than in unthinned plots from the second period on, until heavy mortality during 1996–2002. Basal area increment was greater in the heavily thinned plots from the fourth period on. Results indicate that red fir can respond to fertilization and thinning quickly and that both treatments speed stand development. In addition, fertilization increases the stand's carrying capacity. Therefore, forest managers can use these silvicultural practices to improve stand growth, to reduce fire fuels, and to accelerate stand development.

Long-term partitioning of biomass and nitrogen following application of nitrogen fertilizer to Corsican pine

1992 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.F. Proe ◽  
J. Dutch ◽  
H.G. Miller ◽  
J. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Linear Response ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Atmospheric Input ◽  
N Level ◽  
Internal Cycling

The effects of N fertilizer on Corsican pine (Pinusnigra var. maritima (Ait.) Melv.) were studied for 22 years. Basal area increment significantly (p < 0.05) increased in response to N fertilizer for 3, 6, 11, and 13 years after applications ceased, in treatments that received 252, 504, 1008, and 1512 kg N•ha−1, respectively. Volume increment changed from a quadratic to a linear response to N level during the study period. Overall, the highest rate of N fertilizer increased the aboveground standing biomass by 42%, four-fifths of which occurred in stems. The response of crown components was variable, but there was evidence of a prolonged increase in foliage biomass due to N fertilizer. Initial retention of N within stands was sustained in the longer term, although N distribution altered. These results supported earlier predictions that the growth response to N fertilizer could be sustained through internal cycling, without increasing demands for N uptake from the soil. Increase of N within stands (over and above fertilizer inputs) was similar to estimated rates of atmospheric input, with indirect evidence of a positive feedback between increased foliage biomass and increased levels of N interception by crowns.

No-tillage culture and nitrogen fertilizer management for burley tobacco production

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. ZOU ◽  
R. C. PEARCE ◽  
J. H. GROVE ◽  
M. S. COYNE
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Fertilizer Management ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Burley Tobacco ◽  
Tobacco Production ◽  
N Fertilizer Rate

SUMMARYFew studies have investigated nitrogen (N) fertilizer management in no-tillage (NT) tobacco (Nicotiana tobacumL.) production systems, even though N fertilization is known to influence tobacco cured leaf yield and quality. The present study evaluated how tillage practice and N fertilizer rate affected burley tobacco agronomic performance, plant available nitrogen (PAN) supply, and leaf chemical constituents. In 2012 and 2013, three N fertilizer rates (0, 140 and 280 kg N/ha) were introduced as split-plots within a long-term NT and conventional tillage (CT) (mouldboard plough) comparison study. Results (2007–2013) showed that the effect of tillage on tobacco yield depended on seasonal weather; NT tobacco appeared to have lower yield than CT tobacco in seasons with <450 mm growing season rainfall, but similar yields when rainfall was >500 mm. In 2012 (432 mm rainfall; 84% of the long-term seasonal mean), leaf SPAD reading, leaf nitrate concentration, total nitrogen concentration at the topping day (i.e. removal of flowers/buds at the tops of the plants) and cured leaf nicotine and alkaloid content suggested that N deficiency was more pronounced in NT than CT at the lowest N fertilizer rate. The PAN supply, as measured by a modifiedin situresin core method, was similar in 2012 between NT and CT, suggesting that plant factors may have had a role in N uptake efficiency. This scenario did not repeat in 2013 (706 mm rainfall; 137% of the long-term seasonal mean). Even though N fertilization rates were identical for both tillage practices in 2012 and 2013, PAN was lower, on average, in 2012. Because N uptake is largely the result of mass flow, the impact of reduced root density in NT tobacco would be expected to be more pronounced in a season such as 2012, when water was limited. Banding N close to the tobacco root system and/or side-dressing some portion of N may be recommended strategies to improve N use efficiency in NT burley tobacco production.

N Mineralization as Affected by Long-Term N Fertilization and Its Relationship with Crop N Uptake

Pedosphere ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Zhi YAN ◽  
De-Jian WANG ◽  
Rui-Juan SUN ◽  
Jing-Hui LIN
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Crop N Uptake

Dry matter production in 40-year-old Pinusbanksiana stands in Quebec

1976 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rene Doucet ◽  
John V. Berglund ◽  
C. Eugene Farnsworth
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Stand Density Index

Dry matter production data were obtained for jack pine (Pinusbanksiana Lamb.) stands growing at three density levels on two sites. Regression equations relating tree weight to diameter and height were calculated for stem wood, stem bark, branches, needles, cones, and total aboveground biomass, as well as for periodic net annual increment of these components. Different sets of equations were needed to evaluate biomass on each site, but density levels within sites could be grouped. Total net periodic annual weight increment was linearly related to foliage weight and basal area, but a levelling-off at higher densities was evident when basal area was replaced by stand density index or bole area equivalent as the measure of density.

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