Mineral Nutrition of Developing Fruits of the Western Australian Christmas Tree, Nuytsia floribunda (Labill.) R. Br. ex Fenzl

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Hocking ◽  
J Kuo ◽  
JS Pate
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Storage Carbohydrate ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

The mineral nutrition of developing fruits of the hemiparasite Nuytsia floribunda was studied in natural habitat near Perth, W.A. Nuytsia fruits were similar to those of other higher plants in their mineral nutrition. Changes in the contents of specific nutrients in fruits and their bracts were described. Accumulation of mineral elements in fruits and bracts was synchronized closely with the acquisition of dry matter. Bracts lost 45-75% of their nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc and copper, 16-29% of their potassium, magnesium, iron and manganese, but less than 5% of their calcium and sodium during senescence. Mobilization from bracts was estimated to provide 0-35% of the fruit's accumulation of specific nutrients. Analysis of xylem sap showed that asparagine was the main solute for transport of nitrogen. Mature seedsconsisted mainly of a thick layer of endosperm surrounding the embryo and cotyledons. Seeds contained 31% oil, 35% protein, but no storage carbohydrate. Scanning X-ray microprobe analysis on thin sections of endosperm showed that phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, magnesium and iron were associated with protein bodies. Manganese was localized in certain iron-rich protein bodies.

scholarly journals Interaction between Cd and Zn on Metal Accumulation, Translocation and Mineral Nutrition in Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea)

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Dong ◽  
Shuai Hu ◽  
Ling Fei ◽  
Lijiao Liu ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Metal Accumulation ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Mineral Nutrients ◽  
Cd Toxicity

Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), an accumulator that is able to accumulate and excrete cadmium (Cd), has attracted much attention for its possible use in phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. In the present study, the interaction between Cd and Zn, and their uptake, translocation and accumulation under external Cd and Zn treatment in tall fescue were investigated. The concentrations of K, Ca, Mg in xylem sap under Cd and Zn treatment were measured to determine the level of mineral nutrients and their relationship with Cd alleviation. The result showed that Cd and Zn antagonized each other in the roots, while Cd antagonized Zn and Zn synergized Cd in the shoots of tall fescue. Compared with Cd only treatment, the concentrations of Ca, Mg and K in xylem sap increased after the addition of Zn, and they increased the most in the guttation. This result indicated that the addition of Zn facilitates the level of mineral elements to alleviate Cd toxicity, which might be used to improve the phytoremediation efficiency of Cd contaminated soils by tall fescue.

Where is the prolamine located in rice endosperm?

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 696-697
Author(s):  
Hsin-Kan Wu ◽  
Mei-Chu Chung
Keyword(s):  
Storage Protein ◽  
Sodium Phosphate ◽  
Recent Experiment ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Lead Citrate ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Rice Endosperm ◽  
Ethanol Series

In one of our earlier papers (Wu et al. 1978), we suggested that glutelin is the major composition of the round storage protein bodies although they also contain relatively more prolamine than the angular one does. Immunochemical studies of Krishnan et al. (1986) later showed the presence of glutelin in the irregularly-shaped (angular) protein bodies while the prolamines were found in the round ones. Our recent experiment using protein A-gold technique found that prolamine is mainly deposited into the angular protein bodies.Small blocks (1 mm3) of 7 DAF (days after flowering) caryopsis of Orvza perennis were fixed with 3% paraformaldehyde and 3% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium phosphate, pH7.4, dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and infiltrated with Spurr’s resin. Thin sections, after gold labeling, were stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Rabbit antibodies were raised against purified prolamine. Protein A-gold sol complex was prepared based on the technique of Horisberger et al. (1977).

scholarly journals Three-dimensional electron microscopy of ribosomal chromatin in two higher plants: a cytochemical, immunocytochemical, and in situ hybridization approach.

1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. 1495-1506 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M Motte ◽  
R Loppes ◽  
M Menager ◽  
R Deltour
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dna ◽  
Immunocytochemical Techniques

We report the 3-D arrangement of DNA within the nucleolar subcomponents from two evolutionary distant higher plants, Zea mays and Sinapis alba. These species are particularly convenient to study the spatial organization of plant intranucleolar DNA, since their nucleoli have been previously reconstructed in 3-D from serial ultra-thin sections. We used the osmium ammine-B complex (a specific DNA stain) on thick sections of Lowicryl-embedded root fragments. Immunocytochemical techniques using anti-DNA antibodies and rDNA/rDNA in situ hybridization were also applied on ultra-thin sections. We showed on tilted images that the OA-B stains DNA throughout the whole thickness of the section. In addition, very low quantities of cytoplasmic DNA were stained by this complex, which is now the best DNA stain used in electron microscopy. Within the nucleoli the DNA was localized in the fibrillar centers, where large clumps of dense chromatin were also visible. In the two plant species intranucleolar chromatin forms a complex network with strands partially linked to chromosomal nucleolar-organizing regions identified by in situ hybridization. This study describes for the first time the spatial arrangement of the intranucleolar chromatin in nucleoli of higher plants using high-resolution techniques.

MINERAL NUTRITION IN HIGHER PLANTS (Book).

1988 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Jennings
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Higher Plants

Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Horst Marschner

1988 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
A. D. Krikorian
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Higher Plants

Cotyledonary Storage Proteins in Pisum sativum. IV. Effects of Sulfur, Phosphorus, Potassium and Magnesium Deficiencies

1979 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
PJ Randall ◽  
JA Thomson ◽  
HE Schroeder
Keyword(s):  
Storage Proteins ◽  
Nutrient Deficiency ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Insoluble Fraction ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Total N ◽  
S Deficiency ◽  
Plant Yields

The quantitative and qualitative effects of deficiency of S, P, K or Mg on the cotyledonary proteins of pea seeds have been studied using chemical, immunological and electrophoretic techniques. Deficiency of S, P or K causes characteristic and consistent changes in the proportions of certain proteins both outside and inside protein bodies of mature seeds. Amongst the storage proteins in the protein bodies, S deficiency results in a relative decrease in legumin and in vicilin peak 3, accompanied by a relative increase in the predominant vicilin, peak 4. A quantitatively major cotyledonary protein of unknown function, located outside protein bodies and consisting of 22- kdalton polypeptides, is decreased by S deficiency. Deficiencies of P or K cause an increase in the quantitatively minor vicilin peak 3 and also a marked relative increase in legumin. Mg deficiency has little effect on the proportions of the storage proteins. The degree of nutrient deficiency is reflected in seed and plant yields. Total N and trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-insoluble N and the contents of some other mineral elements in the seed are given. A 10-fold increase in sulfur supply above the optimum for yield did not increase N or S in the TCA- insoluble fraction.

scholarly journals Genetic variability of mineral elements concentration in pepper varieties (Capsicum annuum L.)

2010 ◽  
pp. 79-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borivoj Krstic ◽  
Djuro Gvozdenovic ◽  
Natasa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Chemical Heterogeneity ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Vegetable Kingdom ◽  
Pepper Leaves ◽  
The Individual

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is one of the major members of the vegetable kingdom. The differences between the individual varieties in mineral nutrition and the uptake of mineral elements have provoked our interest for the investigations of their genotype specificity. The chemical composition of pepper leaves at flowering and at the end of the growing season was analyzed. On the average, the content of total ash was app. 22%, namely 19-20% (soluble) and 2-3% (insoluble) at both stages. The highest accumulation values were obtained with nitrogen, then potassium, calcium and phosphorus, whereas the lowest with sodium. The most remarkable genotypic differences were recorded at the end of the growing season. The results obtained clearly demonstrate the chemical heterogeneity of pepper varieties. This crop may be grown successfully only if specificity of its mineral nutrition is known.

Protein Storing Vacuoles in Ray Ceils of Willow Wood (Salix Caprea L.)

IAWA Journal ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jörg J. Sauter ◽  
Silvia Wellenkamp
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Protein Bodies ◽  
Protein Determination ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Salix Caprea ◽  
Coomassie Blue ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Dormant Season ◽  
Protein Staining ◽  
Electron Microscopical

Light- and electron-microscopical investigations revealed protein bodies of c. 0.5 to 2.5 µm in diameter in the ray cells of willow wood. They consist of electron-dense aggregatesofvarious structural organisation which are enclosed in small-sized vacuole-like compartrnents. In semi-thin sections these aggregates showed positive protein staining with Ponçeau Red and Coomassie Blue, and enzymatic digestibility with pepsin. Because these protein bodies are found during the dormant season but not during summer, they are believed to be specific sites of protein storage in the ray cells of the wood. This is in accordance with the biochemical protein determination which yielded 6.4 to 8.4 µg mg-1 dry weight in late fall but only 1.2 to 2.0 µg mg-1 dry weight during summer.

Ultrastructure of graniferous tracheary elements in the haustorium of Exocarpus bidwillii , a root hemi-parasite of the Santalaceae

1979 ◽  
Vol 204 (1156) ◽  
pp. 329-343 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Sap ◽  
The Body ◽  
Fibrillar Structure ◽  
Tracheary Elements ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Successive Layer ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Vessel Elements ◽  
Homogeneous Matrix ◽  
Dispersed Material

The xylem in the body of the haustorium of E. bidwillii has the shape of an inverted conical flask with the expanded portion being known as the vascular core. The tracheary elements of the vascular core are notable for the occurrence of numerous granules within their lumina and the presence of mostly imperforate walls. Elsewhere in the haustorium graniferous tracheary elements are absent and the cells are usually ordinary vessel elements. Thin sections for transmission electron microscopy, post-stained in potassium permanganate, show that the secondary wall thickenings of the graniferous tracheary elements consist of eccentric layers in which the microfibrils of each successive layer run alternately longitudinally and transversely. The granules of the tracheary elements average 2 μm in diameter and consist of a homogeneous matrix which shows a fine fibrillar structure on high resolution. The granules are naked and mostly remain as separate structures within the lumen of the cell, but occasionally they fuse into small groups or irregular masses. In some cells the granules become transformed into fibrillar material that disperses throughout the lumen. This dispersed material may accumulate in vessels of the interrupted zone proximal to the vascular core. Occasionally, the granules also change into compacted amorphous masses that adhere to the walls of the cell. Ultrastructural cytochemistry confirms that the granules are protein and not starch as was originally believed for the Santalaceae. The function of the vascular core and its graniferous tracheary elements is discussed and we suggest that it might help regulate the pressure and flow of xylem sap entering the parasite from the host. Graniferous tracheary elements in the Santalaceae and in root parasites of the Scrophulariaceae are compared and it is concluded that they represent examples of convergent evolution.

scholarly journals Uncovering miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Modules in Developing Xylem of Pinus massoniana via Small RNA and Degradome Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 10154
Author(s):  
Tengfei Shen ◽  
Mengxuan Xu ◽  
Haoran Qi ◽  
Yuanheng Feng ◽  
Zhangqi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pinus Massoniana ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Small Rna Sequencing ◽  
Degradome Sequencing ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirnas

Xylem is required for the growth and development of higher plants to provide water and mineral elements. The thickening of the xylem secondary cell wall (SCW) not only improves plant survival, but also provides raw materials for industrial production. Numerous studies have found that transcription factors and non-coding RNAs regulate the process of SCW thickening. Pinus massoniana is an important woody tree species in China and is widely used to produce materials for construction, furniture, and packaging. However, the target genes of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the developing xylem of P. massoniana are not known. In this study, a total of 25 conserved miRNAs and 173 novel miRNAs were identified via small RNA sequencing, and 58 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified between the developing xylem (PM_X) and protoplasts isolated from the developing xylem (PM_XP); 26 of these miRNAs were significantly up-regulated in PM_XP compared with PM_X, and 32 were significantly down-regulated. A total of 153 target genes of 20 conserved miRNAs and 712 target genes of 113 novel miRNAs were verified by degradome sequencing. There may be conserved miRNA-mRNA modules (miRNA-MYB, miRNA-ARF, and miRNA-LAC) involved in softwood and hardwood formation. The results of qRT-PCR-based parallel validation were in relatively high agreement. This study explored the potential regulatory network of miRNAs in the developing xylem of P. massoniana and provides new insights into wood formation in coniferous species.

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