The Invasion of Native Forest by Phytophthora cinnamomi. III. Threat to the National Park, Wilson's Promontory, Victoria

1973 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Weste ◽  
C Law
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
National Park ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Ecological Significance ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Old Trees

Diseased vegetation was first reported from the northern slopes of the Vereker Range at Wilson's Promontory National Park in September 1970. Phytophthora cinnamomi was isolated from plants in diseased areas but not from unaffected localities. The pathogen has since invaded three types of plant community-dry sclerophyll woodland, heaths, and swamps-and can be isolated at all depths to 80 cm in deep sands. High inoculum potentials are found at depths of maximum root concentration, i.e, to about 32 cm. Except where free water occurs, the rate of extension of the disease is slow. Dominants of both tree and shrub strata are susceptible and have been killed. Highly susceptible shrubs of the understorey, such as Xanthorrhoea australis and Isopogon ceratophyllus, are destroyed first. These are followed 6-12 months later by less susceptible shrubs, and at least 12 months later symptoms appear in trees. This variation in time may be responsible for the characteristic mosaic appearance of diseased areas. Inoculation experiments on 9-month-old trees of Banksia serrata and Eucalyptus obliqua confirmed field observations of susceptibility and symptom expression. The origin of the disease at Wilson's Promontory and its ecological significance are examined. Experiments in control of the pathogen are reported and recommendations discussed for control within the National Park.

Changes in the Vegetation of Sclerophyll Shrubby Woodland Associated With Invasion by Phytophthora cinnamomi

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 261 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Weste
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
National Park ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Tree Density ◽  
Cyclic Process ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Gravelly Soils ◽  
And Control

Changes in the vegetation of a sclerophyll shrub woodland community growing on deep infertile sands at the northern end of Wilson's Promontory National Park were monitored for infected and control plots over a 5- year period and compared with changes due to disease on a ridge site. In all cases disease appeared as a mosaic of chlorotic and dying plants. The plant community changed to an open sedge woodland characterized by a rediction in tree density, loss of susceptible species, an increase in cover by resistant sedges and increased amount of bare ground. There were highly significant changes in plant density for 12 of the 16 species and in the proportion of these species in the total vegetation. The changes are continuing and there is no evidence as to whether they are irreversible or likely to become part of a cyclic process of disease and recovery. Changes in soil temperature and soil matric water potential were monitored continuously during the 5 years and were correlated with changes in pathogen disease potential, symptom expression and deaths. Disease was most severe not on the plots but on nearby ridge sites with exposed shallow, gravelly soils, and in these plant deaths were more frequent and occurred in more species.

The invasion of native forest by Phytophthora cinnamomi. I. Brisbane Ranges, Victoria

1971 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 281 ◽  
Author(s):  
GM Weste ◽  
P Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Root Pathogen ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Sclerophyll Forest ◽  
Drainage Channels

Disease within an open sclerophyll forest dominated by Eucalyptus species of relatively low stature (15-20 m) was shown to be caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, an introduced root pathogen. Diseased sites were mapped and measured. The rate of advance of the pathogen over a period of 5 months was calculated at 4 m per month through moderately drained soils compared with 7 m per month through soils subject to waterlogging. Areas showing disease symptoms increased from 10.8 to 90%, the major extensions occurring along gullies. Spread of the fungus was associated with road-making activities, waterlogging, and the presence of drainage channels. Symptom expression in the different species was studied and shown to be similar to that associated with water stress. Most of the 42 species comprising the woody flora were susceptible to the disease, those particularly susceptible including the dominants. During a period of 8 months mortalities occurred in 50% of the species. Grasses, sedges, and Eucalyptus goniocalyx appeared to be field-resistant, but were uncommon in the Aora of the sites studied.

scholarly journals The candelabra tree (Euphorbia ingens): a source of water for black rhinoceros in Liwonde National Park, Malawi

Koedoe ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.O. Dudley
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Close Observation

The introduction of two rhinoceros into a 15 km2 fenced sanctuary within Liwonde National Park provided an opportunity for close observation of the animals feeding on the toxic succulent Euphorbia ingens. Feeding invariably caused the death of the plant and for plants with basal diameters between 5-17 cm, mortality ranged from 40-90 . During the severe drought of 1994 rhinoceros did not drink from the artificial waterhole from approximately 15 July to at least 23 September. As this waterhole was the only source of free water it is believed that the rhinoceros obtained their water from browsing on E. ingens.

The Distribution of Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands at Two Sites in Southern Western Australia and at Durras in South-Eastern New South Wales.

1982 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 139 ◽  
Author(s):  
WM Blowes ◽  
WA Heather ◽  
N Malajczuk ◽  
SR Shea
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Phytophthora Cinnamomi ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Prevention Strategies ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Isolation Techniques ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Western Australian

Native forest at Durras in south-eastern New South Wales and Jarrahdale in south-western Western Australia was examined for the presence of Phytophthora cinnamomi by two sampling and isolation techniques. With the lupin seeding baiting technique, randomly selected samples of soil and fine roots collected from the New South Wales site yielded P. cinnamomi when baited, while similar baiting of comparable samples from Western Australia failed. Direct plating of samples of upper roots and root collars of recently dead Banksia grandis from Western Australian sites yielded P. cinnamomi, while this organism was not isolated from comparable samples of chlorotic Macrozamia communis collected at the New South Wales site. The results suggest that the form of occurrence of P. cinnamomi and its association with disease in Australia vary in different situations. Viewing each situation independently might ensure the adoption of control/prevention strategies appropriate to all.

scholarly journals Altitudinally coordinated pattern of plant community structure in the Shivapuri National Park, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalik Ram Sigdel
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
National Park ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Flower Colour ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Plant Community Structure ◽  
Closed Canopy

Study on plant community structure was undertaken in different altitudinal ranges of Shivapuri National Park. The general objective of this study is to analyse different plant community structure in Shivapuri National Park with regards to altitudinal variation. The forest was divided into three distinct altitudinal ranges on the basis of dominancy. In each altitudinal range standard quadrats method was applied for vegetation analysis. The highest number of species was found in site II. All the ecological parameters of the plant species were higher in site II except Basal Area of tree that was highest in site III. The pattern of distribution of plant species was not uniform according to altitude. At higher elevation, the forest was mature with almost closed canopy and trees were large; so the tree density was low. Species richness was highest in site II. Species diversity among tree and shrub species was higher in site I. But for herb species diversity was higher in site II for both seasons. Such type of variations may be due to nature of soil i.e. acidity, nutrient availability and other micro-climatic factors. The most noteworthy thing was that variation in flower colour of Rhododendron arboreum i.e. deep scarlet at low altitude, but it gradually changed into pinkish white as altitude increased. Key words: Altitude, Density, Plant community, Species diversity doi: 10.3126/banko.v18i1.2161 Banko Janakari, Vol. 18, No. 1, 11-17

scholarly journals Effects of Domestic Livestock and Native Wildlife Grazing in Grand Teton National Park

1993 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 91-95
Author(s):  
Michael Smith ◽  
Jerrold Dodd ◽  
Paul Meiman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Community ◽  
National Park ◽  
Mule Deer ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Grand Teton National Park ◽  
Jackson Hole ◽  
Domestic Livestock ◽  
Wildlife Populations

The Snake River plains and foothill areas of Jackson Hole have been grazed by domestic livestock since settlement of the area. Wildlife populations, including elk, mule deer, and antelope have historically used and continue to use the area. Moose are currently relatively abundant and a small herd of bison have been introduced. Currently, livestock use part of the area contained in Grand Teton National Park either as a concession or due to authorization by Park enabling legislation. Park managers need information concerning the effects of grazing by large ungulates on vegetation resources to assist in effectively managing grazing to service forage needs and achieve desired plant community goals.

scholarly journals Morphodynamic simulation of sediment deposition patterns on a recently stripped bedrock anastomosed channel

2018 ◽  
Vol 377 ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Milan ◽  
George Heritage ◽  
Neil Entwistle ◽  
Stephen Tooth
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Sediment Deposition ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Deposition Patterns ◽  
High Magnitude ◽  
Vegetation Establishment ◽  
Olifants River ◽  
Flow Stage ◽  
Dryland Rivers

Abstract. Some mixed bedrock-alluvial dryland rivers are known to undergo cycles of alluvial building during low flow periods, punctuated by stripping events during rare high magnitude flows. We focus on the Olifants River, Kruger National Park, South Africa, and present 2-D morphodynamic simulations of hydraulics and sediment deposition patterns over an exposed bedrock anastomosed pavement. We examine the assumptions underlying a previous conceptual model, namely that sedimentation occurs preferentially on bedrock highs. Our modelling results and local field observations in fact show that sediment thicknesses are greater over bedrock lows, suggesting these are the key loci for deposition, barform initiation and island building. During peak flows, velocities in the topographic lows tend to be lower than in intermediate topographic areas. It is likely that intermediate topographic areas supply sediment to the topographic lows at this flow stage, which is then deposited in the lows on the falling limb of the hydrograph as velocities reduce. Subsequent vegetation establishment on deposits in the topographic lows is likely to play a key role in additional sedimentation and vegetation succession, both through increasing the cohesive strength of alluvial units and by capturing new sediments and propagules.

scholarly journals Analisis Pengembangan Program Coorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Pengelolaan Taman Nasional (PTN) Cianjur Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango

2017 ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Tun Susdiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
National Park ◽  
Swot Analysis ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Evaluation Stage ◽  
Strategic Position ◽  
Corporate Social

This study aims to analyze the development of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs based on field observations and recommend appropriate strategies in implementing CSR in the National Park Management ( PTN ) Cianjur Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. Working methods in this study include the evaluation stage uses a conceptual framework for descriptive analysis and recommendations on technical and drafting stage strategy using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis, CSR program in Cianjur PTN is aggressive ( points 2.22; 1.74 ) is a strategic position. Proposed development strategy that can be implemented that increase the public's understanding, increase community participation, the optimization of the use of funds, and improve the performance extension, Polhut, PEH and operators in the implementation of CSR activities.

scholarly journals A note on the sex ratio of Steenbok Raphicerus Campestrts in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park

Koedoe ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Penzhorn
Keyword(s):  
Sex Ratio ◽  
South African ◽  
National Park ◽  
Kruger National Park ◽  
Field Observations

Field observations on steenbok in the Kalahari Gemsbok National Park reveal a 1 : 1 sex ratio. This is corroborated by observations in the Kruger National Park and by a survey of steenbok material in two South African museums.

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