Oil glands and ducts in Eucalyptus L'Hérit. I. The phloem and the pith

1969 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 471 ◽  
Author(s):  
SGM Carr ◽  
DJ Carr
Keyword(s):  
General Rule ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Secondary Phloem ◽  
Oil Glands ◽  
Vegetative Tissues ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Full Development ◽  
Taxonomic Implications ◽  
Western Australian

Most (94 %) of the known eucalypts have been examined for the presence of oil glands in vegetative tissues other than the mesophyll and the primary cortex of the stem. In certain species oil glands occur in the pith and, in a few cases, in the midrib as well. In others (series Corymbosae) oil ducts occur in the pith and in the midrib. In others again (Macrantherae Normales) glands are formed in the phloem of both root and shoot. As a general rule, species which have glands or ducts in the pith do not have glands in the phloem, and vice versa. The only exceptions are provided by nine species of the "eudesmioid complex" (defined below). Of eucalypt species, 58 % have no glands in either the pith or the phloem. It is believed that glands never develop in the primary cortex of the root but always in that of the shoot. The occurrence of glands in the pith or the phloem is constant in many species but others show great variability in the numbers of glands present. Possible explanations for the observed variability are suggested and further lines of investigation are indicated. The age of the tree at which glands first appear in the bark varies widely from one species to another and less widely within species; glands appear precociously in root bark. The age of the secondary phloem itself at which it produces glands also shows wide variations between species. In the Corymbosae the full development of the oil duct system is closely correlated with the ontogenetic juvenile-adult foliage change. The taxonomic implications of the presence or absence of glands in the pith and phloem are discussed. The characters have proved useful for field and herbarium identification. The presence or absence of pith glands is particularly valuable in dealing with Western Australian species.

Nodulation and performance of exotic and native legumes in Australian soils

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 543 ◽  
Author(s):  
María A. Pérez-Fernández ◽  
Byron B. Lamont
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Retama Sphaerocarpa ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Cytisus Balansae ◽  
New Habitats

Six Spanish legumes, Cytisus balansae, C. multiflorus, C. scoparius, C. striatus, Genista hystrix and Retama sphaerocarpa, were able to form effective nodules when grown in six south-western Australian soils. Soils and nodules were collected from beneath natural stands of six native Australian legumes, Jacksonia floribunda, Gompholobium tomentosum, Bossiaea aquifolium, Daviesia horrida, Gastrolobium spinosum and Templetonia retusa. Four combinations of soils and bacterial treatments were used as the soil treatments: sterile soil (S), sterile inoculated soils (SI), non-treated soil (N) and non-treated inoculated soils (NI). Seedlings of the Australian species were inoculated with rhizobia cultured from nodules of the same species, while seedlings of the Spanish species were inoculated with cultures from each of the Australian species. All Australian rhizobia infected all the Spanish species, suggesting a high degree of 'promiscuity' among the bacteria and plant species. The results from comparing six Spanish and six Australian species according to their biomass and total nitrogen in the presence (NI) or absence (S) of rhizobia showed that all species benefitted from nodulation (1.02–12.94 times), with R.�sphaerocarpa and C. striatus benefiting more than the native species. Inoculation (SI and NI) was just as effective as, or more effective than the non-treated soil (i.e. non-sterile) in inducing nodules. Nodules formed on the Spanish legumes were just as efficient at fixing N2 as were those formed on the Australian legumes. Inoculation was less effective than non-treated soil at increasing biomass but just as effective as the soil at increasing nitrogen content. Promiscuity in the legume–bacteria symbiosis should increase the ability of legumes to spread into new habitats throughout the world.

Stoechadone: a New Naphthoquinone From Conospermum stoechadis

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
AM Aguinaldo ◽  
JA Armstrong ◽  
JR Cannon ◽  
SM Colegate ◽  
MF Comber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spectroscopic Methods ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Australian Plant ◽  
Short Synthesis ◽  
Western Australian

Extraction of the dried root bark of the Western Australian plant Conospermum stoechadis Endl . has yielded 3,6,7-trimethoxy-2-methylnaphthalene-1,4-dione, stoechadone (1). The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods and was confirmed by a short synthesis from methyl homoveratrate (3).

Occurrence of the Unusual Amino Compound S-Methyl Cysteine in Australian Members of the Restionaceae - Biological and Taxonomic Significance

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
JS Pate ◽  
E Rasins ◽  
PP Thumfort ◽  
CJ Mcchesney ◽  
KA Meney
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Xylem Sap ◽  
Amino Compound ◽  
Taxonomic Significance ◽  
Protein Amino Acid ◽  
Total N ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Taxonomic Implications

The non-protein amino acid S-methyl cysteine (CH3-S-CH2> CH (NH2) COOH) was identified and assayed by HPLC and GC/MS analyses of ethanolic extracts of freshly-collected culms and rhizomes of Australian species of Restionaceae. Of 140 species examined, only 20 proved positive and two probably positive for the compound. Amounts in culms and rhizomes of these positive species varied from a trace to 74% of the ninhydrin-positive soluble amino N or from a trace to 33 mu mol per g fwt of tissue. Certain species showed substantial Variations in amounts of S-methyl cysteine between sites and seasons. Xylem bleeding sap was collected and analysed from 32 species. The nine species whose xylem sap was positive for S-methyl cysteine (0.5-23.5% of xylem total amino N) also rated positive in culms and rhizomes. Investment of N in S-methyl cysteine ranged from 0.1 to 6.3% of culm total N or 0.2-6.7% of rhizome total N. A possible role of the compound in protection against herbivory was examined. Positive species came from only three of the 19 currently recognized genera, Lepyrodia (16 positive, two possibly positive), Restio (one positive species) Loxocarya, (one positive species) and a further three as yet unnamed species. Under a proposed revision (B. Briggs and L. Johnson, pers. comm.), the positive species of Restio and the three unnamed species would be ascribed to a redefined genus (Loxocarya sens. orig.), thus restricting all species containing S-methyl cysteine to this new genus and Lepyrodia. The latter genus is changed under the proposed classification by transfer of certain species to the genus Sporadanthus. All six species proposed for such transfer lack the compound. Taxonomic implications of the findings are discussed.

Western Australian Species-Rich Kwongan (Sclerophyllous Shrubland) Affected by Drought

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 573 ◽  
Author(s):  
RJ Hnatiuk ◽  
AJM Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Perennial Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Vegetative Regeneration ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Western Australian

Observations of responses to aseasonal water stress are reported for 238 above-ground perennial species of native vascular plants in a 20 km2 area of Western Australia surveyed during the second consecutive year of below average rainfall. Eighty-six species (36%) were found with dead individuals. Both vegetative regeneration and seedling regeneration appeared to be successful means of surviving drought stress in this region. The drought affected species of the families Proteaceae and Epacridaceae more than those of other major families. There are similarities in the response of the vegetation to the two main, irregularly occurring phenomena, aseasonal drought and fire: both can affect vegetation over large areas and yet leave considerable patches within the area that are little affected. Together these two factors contribute to the production of complex and dynamic mosaic-patterns in the vegetation.

scholarly journals Apodasmia ceramophila, a new Western Australian species of Restionaceae

Telopea ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Barbara G Briggs ◽  
Lawrence AS Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Australian Species ◽  
Western Australian

Review of the wolf spider genus Artoria Thorell (Araneae : Lycosidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Volker W. Framenau
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Wolf Spider ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
African Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
Nomen Dubium ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Sclerophyll Forests

The Australasian wolf spider genus Artoria, with A. parvula Thorell, 1877 as type species, is revised in part. In addition to A. parvula (=A. luwamata Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, new synonymy), recorded from the Philippines and Indonesia, and A. palustris Dahl, 1908 from Papua New Guinea, it includes the Australian A. albopedipalpis, sp. nov., A. avona, sp. nov., A. cingulipes Simon, 1909, A. flavimanus Simon, 1909 (=Lycosa neboissi McKay, 1976, new synonymy), A. howquaensis, sp. nov., A. lineata (L. Koch, 1877), A. mckayi, sp. nov., A. quadrata, sp. nov., A. taeniifera Simon, 1909, A. triangularis, sp. nov., A. ulrichi, sp. nov. and A. versicolor (L. Koch, 1877). Artoriella flavimanus, the type species of Artoriella Roewer, 1960, is returned to Artoria. Of the remaining species of Artoriella, the Western Australian species A. cingulipes and A. taeniifera are transferred to Artoria, the African species Artoriella amoena Roewer, 1960, A. maculatipes Roewer, 1960 and A. lycosimorpha (Strand, 1909) are considered incertae sedis and Artoriella maura (Urquhart, 1891) from New Zealand is considered a nomen dubium. Trabaeola Roewer is a junior synonym of Artoria, as its type species, T. lineata, is transferred to Artoria. Trabea australiensis (L. Koch, 1877) is considered a nomen dubium. The genus Artoria is characterised by a unique apophysis near the base of the embolus of the male pedipalp. It does not fit into the existing lycosid subfamilies, which have been established by investigation of mainly Northern Hemisphere taxa. Artoria is widespread in Australia and species can be found in a range of habitats (swamps and riverbanks, open areas, rain and dry sclerophyll forests).

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