Dark Island heath (Ninety-mile Plain, South Australia). I. Definition of the ecosystem

1957 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
RL Specht ◽  
P Rayson
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Upper South ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Summer Growth

A survey of the literature on the distribution of the sclerophyllous understorey in Australia leads to the conclusion that, although the climatic conditions under which it grows may vary considerably, the soils on which it flourishes are always acid and very low in available phosphorus and nitrogen and sometimes in potassium, copper, zinc, and molybdenum. The problem is how the sclerophyllous species are able to flourish on such deficient soils. To provide a background for the investigation of this problem, a detailed ecological study was initiated on an extensive stand of heath occurring on deep sand (the Makin sand) in the upper south-east of South Australia. This paper outlines the habitat and indicates the general characteristics of the heath vegetation of the area. The climate is typical of a meditsrranean region; the soil is a deep, acid sand, remarkably low in most mineral nutrients; the vegetation is scarcely influenced by grazing animals, but is regularly razed by fire. The vegetation is dominated by a number of nanophanerophytes, not more than 6 ft in height, with an understorey of chamaephytes, hemicryptophytes, and geophytes. The majority of the species possess dull green, small, sclerophyllous leaves (leptophylls). Growth occurs predominantly during the summer, from January to March, while many of the species flower during spring. Most of the dominant species, however, flower during late summer to midwinter. Leaf-fall is greatest towards the end of the dry summer period, while litter decomposition, which is only completed after 1 1/2– 2 1/2 years, reaches its maximum in the spring. It is shown that it is necessary to examine at least four random quadrats of at least 25 sq. yd to study satisfactorily the larger species. In each quadrat, a smaller random sub-quadrat of at least 22 sq. ft will enable the critical examination of the smaller species. The outstanding features of the southern Australian heath are (1) a summergrowth rhythm instead of the spring growth typical of similar vegetation in other mediterranean-type regions, and (2) its consistent occurrence on soils very low in fertility. It is suggested that these are connected with the evolutionary history of the heath which apparently flourished during the Pliocene period on widespread, infertile, lateritic podsols in equilibrium with a warm pluvial climate favouring summer growth.

A Note on the Zoogeographical History of North Western Europe

1936 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Ullyott
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
The North ◽  
Cultural Sites ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Times ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
North Western ◽  
Geochronological Scale

Sometime after the last retreat of the ice in the Quaternary ice age, the Scandinavian peninsula was separated on the south from the north German plain and Denmark. Later, England was cut off by the Channel from the continental land mass. An estimation of the times at which these two events happened is interesting to archaeologists, botanists and zoologists alike, because the communities with which they are concerned are affected by the barrier of an intervening arm of the sea.So far most of the evidence about the times of separation comes from botanical and archaeological sources, from pollen analysis and the investigation of cultural sites. In this paper the distribution and physiology of certain freshwater animals are used to provide argument that the separation of Scandinavia and of England could only have taken place at times of particular climatic conditions. The climatic definition of the times of separation makes it possible to fit them in to the absolute geochronological scale which has been established by Scandinavian workers.

The yield and survival of lucerne lines in the upper south-east of South Austrialia

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (49) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
GJ Leach
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Winter Period ◽  
Poor Survival ◽  
Cool Temperate ◽  
Upper South ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Yields ◽  
B Lines

Thirty lines of lucerne from regions with Mediterranean and temperate climates were grown on a degp and infertile sandy soil in the Upper South East of South Australia. One trial (A) was cut at the frequency usually recommended for lucerne, and the other (B) was cut twice as often. Both trials were sown in spring 1965 in drills 35 cm apart, and were maintained as pure lucerne stands. The yield of dry matter of the tops was measured in Trial A between November 1966 and November 1969, and in trial B for one year from November 1966. The row cover attained by the plants was measured in each year. In trial A, yields rose to maximum values in spring and declined during the summer months to minimal values in autumn. At most harvests there mere significant differences between lines. Mediterranean lines gave good yields in the early phase of the trial, and were the most productive lines through each late summer to winter period. Lines from cool temperate regions, e.g. Rhizoma, gave low initial yields and low winter yields, but gave largest yields in spring 1968. Two Portuguese lines consistently gave high yields : they were the only lines to produce significantly more total dry matter than Hunter River over three years. All lines adequately survived a very dry year (1967), and most plant losses occurred in the final year of the trial. In 1969, six Mediterranean lines showed poor survival, each had less than 50 per cent row cover. Dry matter yields were smaller in trial B. Lines from cool temperate regions maintained 80 per cent row cover throughout and gave the largest yields. Three Mediterranean lines were eliminated after two years of frequent cutting, and the row cover of five other lines was reduced to less than 50 per cent.

Towards the digital land reclamation

2020 ◽  
pp. 5-9
Author(s):  
Sergey Vasil'ev ◽  
Vyacheslav Schedrin ◽  
Aleksandra Slabunova ◽  
Vladimir Slabunov
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Scientific Potential ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Full Cooperation

The aim of the research is a retrospective analysis of the history and stages of development of digital land reclamation in Russia, the definition of «Digital land reclamation» and trends in its further development. In the framework of the retrospective analysis the main stages of melioration formation are determined. To achieve the maximum effect of the «digital reclamation» requires full cooperation of practical experience and scientific potential accumulated throughout the history of the reclamation complex, and the latest achievements of science and technology, which is currently possible only through the full digitalization of reclamation activities. The introduction of «digital reclamation» will achieve greater potential and effect in the modernization of the reclamation industry in the «hightech industry», through the use of innovative developments and optimal management decisions.

Vyshnivetsky Castle Library of Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky – Historical Book Heritage and Object of Bibliological and Historical Reconstruction

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 166-182
Author(s):  
Iryna Tsiborovska-Rymarovych
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Cultural Images ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Printed Books ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
Definition Of

The article has as its object the elucidation of the history of the Vyshnivetsky Castle Library, definition of the content of its fund, its historical and cultural significance, correlation of the founder of the Library Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky with the Book.The Vyshnivetsky Castle Library was formed in the Ukrainian historical region of Volyn’, in the Vyshnivets town – “family nest” of the old Ukrainian noble family of the Vyshnivetskies under the “Korybut” coat of arm. The founder of the Library was Prince Mychailo Servaty Vyshnivetsky (1680–1744) – Grand Hetman and Grand Chancellor of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Vilno Voievoda. He was a politician, an erudite and great bibliophile. In the 30th–40th of the 18th century the main Prince’s residence Vyshnivets became an important centre of magnate’s culture in Rich Pospolyta. M. S. Vyshnivetsky’s contemporaries from the noble class and clergy knew quite well about his library and really appreciated it. According to historical documents 5 periods are defined in the Library’s history. In the historical sources the first place is occupied by old-printed books of Library collection and 7 Library manuscript catalogues dating from 1745 up to the 1835 which give information about quantity and topical structures of Library collection.The Library is a historical and cultural symbol of the Enlightenment epoch. The Enlightenment and those particular concepts and cultural images pertaining to that epoch had their effect on the formation of Library’s fund. Its main features are as follow: comprehensive nature of the stock, predominance of French eighteenth century editions, presence of academic books and editions on orientalistics as well as works of the ideologues of the Enlightenment and new kinds of literature, which generated as a result of this movement – encyclopaedias, encyclopaedian dictionaries, almanacs, etc. Besides the universal nature of its stock books on history, social and political thought, fiction were dominating.The reconstruction of the history of Vyshnivetsky’s Library, the historical analysis of the provenances in its editions give us better understanding of the personality of its owners and in some cases their philanthropic activities, and a better ability to identify the role of this Library in the culture life of society in a certain epoch.

Mission Tracks in the Bush

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 103-124
Author(s):  
Gemma Tulud Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Cultural Encounters ◽  
History Of

Christian missionaries played an important role in the Australian nation building that started in the nineteenth century. This essay explores the multifaceted and complex cultural encounters in the context of two aboriginal missions in Australia in the nineteenth century. More specifically, the essay explores the New Norcia mission in Western Australia in 1846-1900 and the Lutheran mission in South Australia in 1838-1853. The essay begins with an overview of the history of the two missions followed by a discussion of the key faces of the cultural encounters that occurred in the course of the missions. This is followed by theological reflections on the encounters in dialogue with contemporary theology, particularly the works of Robert Schreiter.

(A review). BRAUN-BLANQUETIA. Recueil de travaux de geobotanique / review of geobotanical monographs. Vol. 46. Centenaire de la phytosociologie. CAMERINO, 2010. 423 p.

2011 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
L. G. Naumova ◽  
V. B. Martynenko ◽  
S. M. Yamalov
Keyword(s):  
Plant Association ◽  
Northern Asia ◽  
The Third ◽  
International Botanical ◽  
International Botanical Congress ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of

Date of «birth» of phytosociology (phytocenology) is considered to be 1910, when at the third International Botanical Congress in Brussels adopted the definition of plant association in the wording Including Flaó and K. Schröter (Flahault, Schröter, 1910; Alexandrov, 1969). The centenary of this momentous event in the history of phytocenology devoted to the 46th edition of the Yearbook «Braun-Blanquetia», which began to emerge in 1984 in Camerino (Italy) and it has a task to publish large geobotanical works. During the years of the publication of the Yearbook on its pages were published twice work of the Russian scientists — «The steppes of Mongolia» (Z. V. Karamysheva, V. N. Khramtsov. Vol. 17. 1995), and «Classification of continental hemiboreal forests of Northern Asia» (N. B. Ermakov in collaboration with English colleagues and J. Dring, J. Rodwell. Vol. 28. 2000).

HELIOTHERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 483-487
Author(s):  
Snezhina Georgieva ◽  
Dilyana Zvezdova
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Local Therapy ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Joint Disease ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Social Comfort ◽  
Pigment Type ◽  
Definition Of

Psoriatic arthritis is an inflammatory joint disease associated with psoriasis vulgaris, with routinely negative rheumatoid factors and the absence of rheumatoid nodules. This is an immune-mediated disease, according to generally accepted definition of Wright and Moll from 1973. American Association against Rheumatism classified psoriatic arthritis as an independent disease in 1964. Psoriatic arthritis is a single disease with a varied clinical picture. It belongs to the group of seronegative spondyloarthropathies with which there are general clinical features. It is believed that similar mechanisms determine the onset of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. The clinical picture includes various clinical forms that damage the peripheral and sacroiliac joints, spine, internal organs. The treatment of psoriatic arthritis is directed simultaneously to the influence of skin and joint changes. Purpose: Our study aims to summarize our long-standing experience in the treatment of psoriatic arthritis with heliotherapy. Subject of observation: Monitoring includes 132 patients with moderate and severe form of psoriasis treated at the sanatorium in town of Pomorie for 5 years in the period 2001-2006. Results and discussion: 132 patients with psoriasis with no effect on the local therapy and have proven psoriatic arthritis were selected. In our climatic conditions, heliotherapy is appointed during the warm half-year. Sun treatment was conducted under the conditions of a healing beach, which had shielding, radiation-protective devices. In patients with erythema - pigment and pigment type skin reactivity begins with 1-2 bioadoses reached to 8-10 biodoses, carried out in the area of overcomfort. Conclusion: The studies demonstrated that heliotherapy combined with medications significantly improves the prognosis of patients with this disease. The ultimate success would mean overcoming the frequent depression conditions, better survival and social comfort for patients with psoriatic arthritis.

Light and Sensitivity: Love in the Time of the Daguerreotype

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Male Gaze ◽  
History Of Photography ◽  
Sensitive Material ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Passive Object

The article deals with the love of Zygmunt Krasiński to Delfina Potocka. The point of departure is the poet's definition of love as looking and reads Krasiński's relationship with his beloved in the context of two phenomena that fascinated him at the time: daguerreotype and magnetism. The invention of the daguerreotype in which the history of photography and spiritism comes together becomes a pretext for the formulation of a new concept of love and the loving subject. In the era of painting the woman was treated as a passive object of the male gaze; photography reverses this scheme of power. Love ceases to be a static relationship of the subject in love and the passive object – the beloved. The philosophy of developing photographs (and invoking phantoms) allows Krasiński - the writing subject to become like a light-sensitive material that reveals the image of the beloved.

Prologue

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Cultural Expression ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Print Literacy

The section introduces Part II, which spans the period 1946 to 2014, by tracing the history of the debates about culture within UNESCO from 1947 to 2009. It considers the central part print literacy played in the early decades, and the gradual emergence of what came to be called ‘intangible heritage’; the political divisions of the Cold War that had a bearing not just on questions of the state and its role as a guardian of culture but on the idea of cultural expression as a commodity; the slow shift away from an exclusively intellectualist definition of culture to a more broadly anthropological one; and the realpolitik surrounding the debates about cultural diversity since the 1990s. The section concludes by showing how at the turn of the new millennium UNESCO caught up with the radical ways in which Tagore and Joyce thought about linguistic and cultural diversity.

John among the Apocalypses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin E. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Gospel Of John ◽  
Central Place ◽  
Reception History ◽  
Genre Theory ◽  
Synoptic Gospels ◽  
Book Of Revelation ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
History Of ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function

The central place of revelation in the Gospel of John and the Gospel’s revelatory telling of the life of Jesus are distinctive features of John when compared with the Synoptic Gospels; yet, when John is compared among the apocalypses, these same features indicate John’s striking affinity with the genre of apocalypse. By paying attention to modern genre theory and making an extensive comparison with the standard definition of “apocalypse,” the Gospel of John reflects similarities with Jewish apocalypses in form, content, and function. Even though the Gospel of John reflects similarities with the genre of apocalypse, John is not an apocalypse, but in genre theory terms, John may be described as a gospel in kind and an apocalypse in mode. John’s narrative of Jesus’s life has been qualified and shaped by the genre of apocalypse, such that it may be called an “apocalyptic” gospel. Understanding the Fourth Gospel as “apocalyptic” Gospel provides an explanation for John’s appeal to Israel’s Scriptures and Mosaic authority. Possible historical reasons for the revelatory narration of Jesus’s life in the Gospel of John may be explained by the Gospel’s relationship with the book of Revelation and the history of reception concerning their writing. An examination of Byzantine iconographic traditions highlights how reception history may offer a possible explanation for reading John as “apocalyptic” Gospel.

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