Sterile base florets in Triticum

1955 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evolutionary Significance ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Minimal Effect ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Degree

The morphology of the florets in three base-sterile speltoid mutants of Triticum aestivum L. is described. In two of the three mutants the basal floret only is affected. In one of these (St1) There is a high degree of sterility in the basal floret of all spikkelets except those on the distal part of the inflorescence; in the other (St1A) the basal floret of the basal and the distal spikelets is nearly always fertile, the highest degree of sterility being developed in the spikelets towards the middle of the ear. In the third mutant (St2) two florets are usually concerned. The basal floret of all spikelets except the apical one is practically always sterile. The second floret in the distal spikelets is mostly fertile, but in the lower spikelets it too is sterile and there is a gradient in fertility form distal to basal spikelets. The minimal effect of the sterility factor is the abortion or complete suppression of the anterior Stamen. This is accompanied by fusion and increased growth of the lodicule rudiments; all other floral parts develop normally. Greater incidence of the sterility results in the suppression of the lateral stamens with increased development of the lodioular structure and reduced growth of the palea. Fusion of the reduced palea and lodicular structure is usually followed by the abortion of the gynaeceum. In its extreme expression the sterility factor suppresses entirely the initiation of the flower primordium. Failure of florets in higher positions on the spikelets to form grain is due to immaturity and is different from basal sterility. When the basal florets are sterile, florets in higher positions than usual set grain. The mechanism by which the St genes operate and the evolutionary significance of basal sterility is discussed.

scholarly journals Response of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars seedlings

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 534-539 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.Q. Wu ◽  
L.N. Zhang ◽  
Y.Y. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Drought Tolerant

 To investigate the responses of growth and antioxidant enzymes to osmotic stress in two different wheat cultivars, one drought tolerant (Heshangtou, HST) and the other drought sensitive (Longchun 15, LC15), 15-day-old wheat seedlings were exposed to osmotic stress of –0.25, –0.50, and –0.75 MPa for 2 days. It is found that osmotic stress decreased shoot length in both wheat cultivars, whereas to a lesser degree in HST than in LC15. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) of shoot in both wheat cultivars were increased by osmotic stress. It is clear that MDA contents increased less in the more drought tolerant cultivar HST than in drought sensitive one LC15. On the contrary, POD and CAT activities increased more in HST than LC15 under osmotic stress. As the activity of SOD, however, no significant differences were found between HST and LC15. These results suggest that wheat cultivar HST has higher activities of antioxidant enzymes such as POD and CAT to cope with oxidative damage caused by osmotic stress compared to sensitive LC15.  

scholarly journals Distinguishing isolates of cereal stem disease pathogens of the genus Tapesia from isolates of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia using the RAPD method

2000 ◽  
Vol 36 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 132-140
Author(s):  
P. Vejl ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
I. Polišenská ◽  
M. Váňová
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Fusarium Avenaceum ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Tapesia Yallundae ◽  
Random Amplification ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Rhizoctonia Cerealis ◽  
Species Variability ◽  
Rapd Method

The RAPD method (Random Amplification of Polymorphous DNA) was used to distinguish Tapesia acufonnis and T. yallundae isolates from other pathogens of wheat stem base diseases (Fusarium avenaceum, F. culmorum, F. nivale, Rhizoctonia cerealis and R. so/ani).Isolates of the fungi originated from infected wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L.) collected at various locations in the Czech Republic. Three decameric oligonucleotide-primers were selected as producing genotype-specific RAPD products. These markers distinguish all isolates of the above taxons. The intra-species genetic variability of these species also was studied. The values of Dice's coefficients of similarity suggest that isolates of Tapesia yallundae showed a higher degree of intra-species variability than those ofT acufonnis. A high degree of intra-species variability was identified also in Fusarium avenaceum.

INHERITANCE OF SAWFLY REACTION AND STEM SOLIDNESS IN SPRING WHEAT CROSSES: STEM SOLIDNESS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Homozygous Condition ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
Weak Negative Correlation

Inheritance of stem solidness was studied in populations of F3 and B2 lines from the Red Bobs × C.T. 715 and Redman × S-615 (Triticum aestivum L.) crosses and backcrosses. The data supported the hypothesis that the varieties in each cross differed by four genes for stem solidness. In both crosses, one gene exerted a major influence in that its allele for hollowness in the homozygous condition was epistatic to the other three genes. The other three genes within each cross were similar in their influence on solidness. Between the two crosses, corresponding genes differed in some degree.Genetic analyses and correlation coefficients both revealed a close association between sawfly resistance and stem solidness in the Red Bobs × C.T. 715 cross indicating that the stem solidness character was largely responsible for conditioning the degree of sawfly reaction in a plant.In both crosses, a weak negative correlation was found between stem solidness and height. Stem solidness was not associated with bunt (race T-2) reaction, glume color, awn type, or heading date.

Silica deposition in the inflorescence bracts of wheat (Triticum aestivum). I. Scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Hodson ◽  
A. G. Sangster
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Deposition Pattern ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
Silica Deposition ◽  
Scanning Electron

Silica deposition in the lower glume, lemma, and palea of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) was investigated using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Silica was present in the outer walls of all the epidermal cells including prickles and papillae of the glume and lemma awns. The glume and the lemma were similar in epidermal silica deposition pattern, both having numerous silicified short trichomes and papillae on inner and outer surfaces. Epidermal long cells and short cells were also silicified. Macrohairs were restricted to isolated areas in these bracts, particularly on the inner surfaces just beneath the awns. The palea was a thin membranous structure differing markedly from the other two bracts. Most of the palea is pressed between the caryopsis and the next floret, and both surfaces are almost devoid of trichomes in these areas. However, at the apex and margins of the palea, macrohairs and papillae were abundant. The results are discussed with respect to possible taxonomic, anatomical, medical, and archaeological implications.

Triticum aestivum L. endoxylanase inhibitor (TAXI) consists of two inhibitors, TAXI I and TAXI II, with different specificities

2001 ◽  
Vol 353 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt GEBRUERS ◽  
Winok DEBYSER ◽  
Hans GOESAERT ◽  
Paul PROOST ◽  
Jozef VAN DAMME ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Molecular Forms ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Terminal Amino Acid ◽  
Terminal Amino ◽  
High Degree

The Triticum aestivum L. endoxylanase inhibitor (TAXI) discovered by Debyser and Delcour [(1997) Eur. Pat. filed April 1997, published as WO 98/49278] and Debyser, Derdelinckx and Delcour [(1997) J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 55, 153Ő156] seems to be a mixture of two different endoxylanase inhibitors, called TAXI I and TAXI II. By using Aspergillus niger as well as Bacillus subtilis endoxylanases for assaying inhibition activity, both inhibitors could be purified to homogeneity from wheat (Triticum aestivum L., var. Soissons). TAXI I and TAXI II have similar molecular structures. They both have a molecular mass of approx. 40.0kDa, are not glycosylated and occur in two molecular forms, i.e. a non-proteolytically processed one and a proteolytically processed one. However, the pI of TAXI II (at least 9.3) is higher than that of TAXI I (8.8). TAXI I and TAXI II clearly show different inhibition activities towards different endoxylanases. The N-terminal amino acid sequences of both inhibitors show a high degree of identity, which might indicate that there is an evolutionary relationship between them.

Wheat Spike Temperature in Relation to Base Temperature for Grain Filling Duration

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Pararajasingham ◽  
L. A. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Grain Filling Duration ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Wheat Spike

Estimates of the base temperature for grain filling duration of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) differ between outdoor and indoor studies. This study was set up to determine whether this difference could be attributed to variation in spike-air temperature differentials. Spike and/or spikelet temperatures were determined in wheat grown outdoors as well as indoors. Spike temperature, measured with an infrared thermometer, of wheat grown outdoors with adequate water supply was 1.5 °C greater than air temperature while spikelet temperature measured with a thermocouple closely approximated air temperature. In indoor grown wheat, on the other hand, regardless of the magnitude of air temperature, spikelet temperature was found to be 3–4 °C above that of air when lights were on. Estimating the base temperature for grain filling duration with data from a previous indoor study, with compensation for the 3–4 °C increase in spikelet temperature, resulted in 8.8 °C base temperature for grain filling duration, comparable to that obtained in outdoor studies. Differences between outdoor and indoor studies may thus reflect spike-air temperature differentials. Estimation of the base temperature for grain filling with air temperature appears appropriate for outdoor studies. Key words: Triticum aestivum (L.), base temperature, grain filling duration, wheat

scholarly journals A Study Of The Pragmatic Functions Of Modern Chinese Adverbs “Zhen”, “Zhenshi” And “Zhende”

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 469-475
Author(s):  
Luu Hon Vu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Evaluation Function ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
The Third ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Pragmatic Function ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Adverbs

This research used the Modern Chinese Research Corpus System constructed by Beijing Language and Culture University as the corpus source, and analyzed the pragmatic functions of Modern Chinese adverbs “zhen”, “zhenshi” and “zhende” which are located before the predicate and are used as sentence adverbial. The results show that these adverbs have similarities and differences in pragmatic functions. The adverb “zhen” has four pragmatic functions: one is to confirm authenticity, the other is to express subjective evaluation, the third is to express a high degree of authenticity, and the fourth is to make hypotheses. The adverb “zhenshi” has only one pragmatic function, that is, the subjective evaluation function. The adverb “zhende” has two pragmatic functions: one is to confirm authenticity, and the other is to express subjective evaluation. The adverb “zhenshi” and “zhende” can appear together with the degree adverbs “tai” and “hen”, but the adverb “zhen” cannot appear with the degree adverbs. The adverb “zhen” and the adverb “zhende” can be replaced with each other, and the meaning of the sentence remains unchanged after the replacement.

Acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase of wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Donadini ◽  
Les Copeland
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mass ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Elution Volume ◽  
Substrate Preparation ◽  
Strong Base ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
By Products

Acetohydroxy acid reductoisomerase (EC 1.1.1.86, AHAR) was purified to a high degree from green shoots of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Vulcan). The enzyme was localised in the chloroplasts, and activity was at a maximum approximately 4 d after germination. The subunit molecular mass of wheat AHAR was 57 kD and activity of the native enzyme had an elution volume from size exclusion columns that corresponded to a molecular mass of 47 kD. The enzyme did not require the addition of Mg 2+ ions to reaction mixtures for activity. The Km values for (R,S)-2-acetolactate and (R,S)-2-aceto-2-hydroxybutyrate were 91 and 9 mM, respectively, and the corresponding maximum velocities were 430 and 451 mU mg –1 protein. The Km for NADPH was approximately 10 mM when either of the acetohydroxy acids was the other substrate. Preparation of the acetohydroxy acid substrates by hydrolysis of the parent esters in strong base led to the formation of inhibitory by-products. Racemisation of the acetohydroxy acids was detected in assay mixtures.

Structure of Aegilops ventricosa chromosome 6Nv, the donor of wheat genes Yr17, Lr37, Sr38, and Cre5

Genome ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 541-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Tanguy ◽  
Olivier Coriton ◽  
Paulette Abélard ◽  
Françoise Dedryver ◽  
Joseph Jahier
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Genome ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Wheat Line ◽  
Aegilops Ventricosa ◽  
Aegilops Uniaristata

An Aegilops ventricosa Tausch (2n = 28, DvDvNvNv) subtelocentric chromosome added to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a disomic addition line was found to carry the genes for resistance Yr17, Lr37, Sr38, and Cre5 already transferred onto chromosome 2AS of the wheat line VPM1. Previous works demonstrated that this Ae. ventricosa chromosome is translocated with respect to the standard wheat genome. The present investigations showed that this chromosome pre-existed in Ae. ventricosa and contains only chromatin specific to the N genome. Using biochemical markers and suitable cytogenetic materials including the monoisosomic addition line for the translocated long arm (6NvL–2NvS), its structure was defined as being 6NvSdel.6NvL–2NvS. It consists of a segment of the short arm 2Nv, containing the resistance genes, attached to a group 6 chromosome lacking a distal part of its short arm. The 2 re arrangements could already be present in Aegilops uniaristata Vis. (2n = 14, NN), the source of the Nv genome of Ae. ventricosa.Key words: wheat, Aegilops ventricosa, GISH, translocation, isochromosome.

THE EFFECT OF A GENE FOR SEMIDWARFISM (Rht1) ON VARIOUS CHARACTERS IN A SPRING WHEAT CROSS

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. BRANDLE ◽  
D. R. KNOTT
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Lower Weight ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Percent Increase ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Wheat Cross

Sixty-four F2-derived F4 lines were produced from a cross between the semidwarf wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar CSP-44 (Condor sib, Rht1) and the tall cultivar Glenlea (rht1). Thirty-two homozygous tall lines and thirty-two homozygous short lines were tested at Saskatoon under rainfed conditions in 1982 and both rainfed and irrigated conditions in 1983. The objective was to determine the effects of the gene for demidwarfism on yield and other characters under Saskatchewan conditions. The semidwarf lines consistently had more spikes per metre of row and more kernels per spike, but a lower weight per kernel. The percent increase in the number of kernels per spike for the semidwarfs compared to the tails varied more in different environments than the change in the other two components of yield. As a result, the semidwarf lines outyielded the tall lines by 13.1% in the 1982 rainfed test and by 4.1% in the 1983 irrigated test but yielded 2.7% less in the 1983 rainfed test. In general, yield showed only low positive correlations with the yield components, while the yield components showed relatively low negative correlations among themselves.Key words: Wheat, Triticum aestivum, height, semidwarfs, yield components

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