Global warming induces female cuttings of Populus cathayana to allocate more biomass, C and N to aboveground organs than do male cuttings

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Guoquan Peng ◽  
Chengchun Wu ◽  
Qingmin Han
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
C And N ◽  
Males And Females

We investigated differences between the sexes of a dioecious species, Populus cathayana Rehd, in biomass accumulation, biomass allocation, and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations under elevated temperature treatments. Cuttings were subjected to three temperature regimes (control, +2°C and +4°C, respectively) in closed-top chambers. Compared with the control treatment, warming significantly increased the net photosynthesis rate, height growth, leaf dry mass, stem dry mass (SM), root dry mass (RM) and total dry mass (TM), and resulted in a higher aboveground : belowground dry mass ratio (AB) in all individuals of both sexes, except in males under the +2°C warming treatment. Furthermore, warming decreased the concentration of C in the stems in both sexes, and increased the concentration of N in the leaves of females, and consequently, resulted in a lower C : N ratio in the leaves of female cuttings than in those of male cuttings. Also, further differences between males and females were detected. In the warming treatments, females exhibited significantly higher values of SM, RM, TM and AB, and lower RM : TM and RM : foliage area ratios than did the males. However, no significant differences in these traits between the two sexes were detected under ambient temperature. Our results indicated that allocation of biomass, and the concentrations of C and N in males and females are greatly affected by an elevated temperature, and that warming benefits females, which accumulate and allocate more biomass to aboveground organs than do the males.

Effects of elevated temperature and [CO2] on photosynthesis, leaf respiration, and biomass accumulation of Pinus taeda seedlings at a cool and a warm site within the species’ current range

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 943-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Wertin ◽  
Mary Anne McGuire ◽  
Marc van Iersel ◽  
John M. Ruter ◽  
Robert O. Teskey
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperature ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Species Range ◽  
Leaf Respiration ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Current Range

We examined the influence of elevated temperature (ambient +2 °C) and atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) (700 µmol·mol–1), applied singly and in combination, on biomass accumulation and the temperature response of net photosynthesis (Anet) and leaf respiration (Rd) of loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda L.) seedlings grown simultaneously at a northern and a southern site within the species’ range. We used this experimental approach to determine if the response to future climate conditions would differ between a warm and cool location within a species’ range. Seedling biomass accumulation and the temperature responses of Anet and Rd were measured throughout the growing season. Biomass accumulation was substantially greater at the warmer site compared with the cooler site regardless of treatment. At each site, biomass accumulation was greater in the elevated temperature treatment compared with the ambient treatment. There was substantial acclimation of Rd, but not Anet, to site and to temperature treatment at each site. Elevated [CO2] increased biomass accumulation and Anet at both sites and in both temperature treatments. Our study provides an indication that future projected increases in [CO2] and air temperature of 700 µmol·mol–1 and +2 °C, respectively, are likely to increase loblolly pine growth in most, if not all, of its current range.

scholarly journals Waterlogging Causes Early Modification in the Physiological Performance, Carotenoids, Chlorophylls, Proline, and Soluble Sugars of Cucumber Plants

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Casey Barickman ◽  
Catherine R. Simpson ◽  
Carl E. Sams
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Physiological Performance ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Negative Effect

Waterlogging occurs because of poor soil drainage and/or excessive rainfall and is a serious abiotic stress affecting plant growth because of declining oxygen supplied to submerged tissues. Although cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) is sensitive to waterlogging, its ability to generate adventitious roots facilitates gas diffusion and increases plant survival when oxygen concentrations are low. To understand the physiological responses to waterlogging, a 10-day waterlogging experiment was conducted. The objective of this study was to measure the photosynthetic and key metabolites of cucumber plants under waterlogging conditions for 10 days. Plants were also harvested at the end of 10 days and analyzed for plant height (ht), leaf number and area, fresh mass (FM), dry mass (DM), chlorophyll (Chl), carotenoid (CAR), proline, and soluble sugars. Results indicated that cucumber plants subjected to the 10-day waterlogging stress conditions were stunted, had fewer leaves, and decreased leaf area, FM, and DM. There were differences in physiological performance, Chl, CAR, proline, and soluble sugars. Overall, waterlogging stress decreased net photosynthesis (A), having a negative effect on biomass accumulation. However, these decreases were also dependent on other factors, such as plant size, morphology, and water use efficiency (WUE) that played a role in the overall metabolism of the plant.

Factor Analysis of Differences in Biomass Accumulations between Male and Female Populus Cathayana Seedlings under Drought Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 195-196 ◽  
pp. 1308-1313
Author(s):  
Yao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Hormonal Regulation ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Basal Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Populus Cathayana ◽  
Intrinsic Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Morphologic Changes

The main influential factor of biomass accumulations between male and female Populus cathayana seedlings was investigated from the point of factor analysis under drought stress. The results shows that biomass accumulations of seedlings under drought stress are mainly associated with stem dry mass (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), height growth (HG), basal diameter (BD), total leaf number (TLN) and other morphologic changes, and have little relation with intrinsic water use efficiency (WUE). There is sex differences in the mode of biomass accumulation between male and female plants. Biomass accumulation in female plants depends on morphologic changes, followed by hormonal regulation, and finally physiological progress. However, biomass accumulation in male plants depends on morphologic changes, followed by physiological progress, and finally hormonal regulation. Moreover, biomass accumulation in female plants on the morphologic aspects mainly depends on SDM, while is not relevant to TLN. However, male plants mainly depend on SDM, and have relationship with TLN. In sum, our study demonstrates that biomass accumulations in male and female P. cathayana seedlings under drought stress have different strategies.

scholarly journals Phosphatidylserine-Gold Nanoparticles (PS-AuNP) Induce Prostate and Breast Cancer Cell Apoptosis

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1094
Author(s):  
Allan Radaic ◽  
Nam E. Joo ◽  
Soo-Hwan Jeong ◽  
Seong-II Yoo ◽  
Nicholas Kotov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Breast And Prostate Cancer ◽  
First Time

Prostate and breast cancer are the current leading causes of new cancer cases in males and females, respectively. Phosphatidylserine (PS) is an essential lipid that mediates macrophage efferocytosis and is dysregulated in tumors. Therefore, developing therapies that selectively restore PS may be a potential therapeutic approach for carcinogenesis. Among the nanomedicine strategies for delivering PS, biocompatible gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have an extensive track record in biomedical applications. In this study, we synthesized biomimetic phosphatidylserine-caped gold nanoparticles (PS-AuNPs) and tested their anticancer potential in breast and prostate cancer cells in vitro. We found that both cell lines exhibited changes in cell morphology indicative of apoptosis. After evaluating for histone-associated DNA fragments, a hallmark of apoptosis, we found significant increases in DNA fragmentation upon PS-AuNP treatment compared to the control treatment. These findings demonstrate the use of phosphatidylserine coupled with gold nanoparticles as a potential treatment for prostate and breast cancer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that a phosphatidylserine-capped AuNP has been examined for its therapeutic potential in cancer therapy.

scholarly journals C and N urban soil budget and its spatial differentiation in comparison with natural areas in the Wroclaw region of Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Izabela Sówka ◽  
Yaroslav Bezyk ◽  
Maxim Dorodnikov
Keyword(s):  
Urban Soil ◽  
Spatial Differentiation ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil C And N ◽  
C And N ◽  
Natural Grassland

An assessment of C and N balance in urban soil compared to the natural environment was carried out to evaluate the influence of biological processes along with human-induced forcing. Soil C and N stocks were quantified on the samples (n=18) collected at 5 - 10 cm depth from dominated green areas and arable lands in the city of Wroclaw (Poland) and the relatively natural grassland located ca. 36 km south-west. Higher soil carbon and nitrogen levels (C/N ratio = 11.8) and greater microbial biomass C and N values (MBC = 95.3, MBN = 14.4 mg N kg-1) were measured in natural grassland compared with the citywide lawn sites (C/N ratio = 15.17, MBC = 84.3 mg C kg-1, MBN = 11.9 mg N kg-1), respectively. In contrast to the natural areas, the higher C and N concentration was measured in urban grass dominated soils (C = 2.7 % and N = 0.18 % of dry mass), which can be explained mainly due to the high soil bulk density and water holding capacity (13.8 % clay content). The limited availability of soil C and N content was seen under the arable soil (C = 1.23 %, N = 0.13 %) than in the studied grasslands. In fact, the significantly increased C/N ratios in urban grasslands are largely associated with land conversion and demonstrate that urban soils have the potential to be an important reservoir of C.

The net carbon balance in relation to growth and biomass accumulation of grapevines (Vitis vinifera cv. Semillon) grown in a controlled environment

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis H. Greer ◽  
Sylvie M. Sicard
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Carbon Balance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Allometric Relationships ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Carbon Economy

Assessing the impacts of environmental stresses on plant growth and productivity requires an understanding of the growth processes and the carbon economy that underpins this growth. Potted grapevines of the Vitis vinifera L. cv. Semillon were grown in a controlled environment and canopy growth; leaf, bunch and stem extension and net photosynthesis were routinely measured from budbreak to harvest. Allometric relationships enabled dry matter to be determined and, with net photosynthesis, used to determine the shoot carbon economy. Stems, leaves and bunches all followed a sigmoid growth pattern with leaves and stems allocated similar amounts of biomass and carbon while bunches had twice as much. Rates of carbon sequestered as biomass exceeded rates of carbon acquisition through net photosynthesis for over 25 days after budbreak. Despite the high demand for biomass in bunch growth, rates of carbon sequestration actually declined and overall, the vines maintained a positive carbon balance throughout the period of bunch growth. The Semillon shoots relied on carbon reserves to commence growth then produced a 53% carbon surplus after leaf (9%), stem (10%) and bunch (28%) growth demands were satisfied. This suggests these vines also allocated carbon to reserves to sustain the next season’s growth.

scholarly journals FLAME RETARDANTS EFFECTS ON THE INITIAL GROWTH OF Schizolobium amazonicum HUBER EX DUCKE

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elen Silma Oliveira Cruz Ximenes ◽  
Andréa Carvalho da Silva ◽  
Adilson Pacheco de Souza ◽  
Josiane Fernandes Keffer ◽  
Alison Martins dos Anjos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Height Increase ◽  
Positive Effect

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

scholarly journals The effect of low initial medium pH on in vitro white poplar growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Marina Katanic ◽  
Zoran Tomovic ◽  
Sasa Pekec
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Shoot Mass

The effect of low initial medium pH on shoot and root development of five white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes was tested. The shoot height, fresh mass of shoots per jar, dry mass of shoots per jar, number of roots, as well as the length of the longest root were measured and final pH of the media determined, after 35 days of culture in vitro. Three initial pH values of the medium were tested: 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 as control. Agar solidification at pH 3.0 was not achieved after sterilization in autoclave, but it was successful after sterilizing in a microwave oven. The obtained results indicate that the tested genotypes are able to significantly influence the changes of media pH during culture. The effect of differences among the examined media was significant for biomass accumulation and final media pH. Generally, significantly higher values of fresh and dry shoot mass, shoot height and the longest root length were recorded on a medium with initial pH 3.0 then on a standard medium with pH 5.5.The implications of the obtained results for the improvement of in vitro propagation of white poplars are discussed.

scholarly journals The Influence of H2O2 Application Methods on Melon Plants Submitted to Saline Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Adriana Silva Santos ◽  
Juliana Formiga Almeida ◽  
Marcio Santos da Silva ◽  
Jackson Silva Nóbrega ◽  
Thais Batista de Queiroga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Irrigation Water Salinity ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The salinity in irrigation water is one of the most important causes to decline cultivated plants yield. The H2O2 application has shown efficiency as a stimulator and activator for antioxidative defense system in plants submitted to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this study was to evaluate methods for hydrogen peroxide application as a strategy to minimize the effects of saline stress on melon plants. The experiment was designed in complete randomized blocks and set in 2 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting two levels for irrigation water salinity (S1 = 0.3 and S2 = 2.0 dS m-1) and four methods for hydrogen peroxide application (15 mM), (T1 = no peroxide application, T2= imbibition of seeds, T3 = at sowing, T4 = Foliar spraying), with five repetitions. It was evaluated the following variables at 58 days after transplanting: plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of flowers, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass. The results showed that salinity affected the growth, biomass accumulation and plant quality severely, with the highest losses promoted by the electrical conductivity of 2.0 dS m-1.

Two physiological races of Tsuga canadensis in Wisconsin

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (9) ◽  
pp. 940-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Eickmeier ◽  
Michael Adams ◽  
Donald Lester
Keyword(s):  
Dark Respiration ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Tsuga Canadensis ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
Seed Sources ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Disjunct Populations ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Balance

Population differentiation in Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. from Wisconsin was tested by comparing seedlings grown from seed collected within the present range in the northeast and from seed collected in disjunct populations southwest of the present range. The seedlings, established in hydroponic culture, were subjected to two preconditioning temperature regimes and two water stress simulations. Net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and transpiration capacities were measured and internal leaf resistances were calculated.The southwestern Wisconsin population had a more favorable carbon dioxide balance at warmer tissue temperatures, particularly at low irradiance levels, and at higher osmotic potentials, than did the northeastern population, which was better adapted to lower tissue temperatures and lower osmotic potentials. Additional differences between seed sources in seedling morphology, transpiration rate, and water-use efficiency were found. These differences in morphology and physiological responses corresponded to the macroclimates in which these populations were found, southwestern Wisconsin being warmer and drier than the northeastern part of the state.

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