Inorganic and organic substrates as sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for multiple genotypes of two ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa from Woollsia pungens and Leucopogon parviflorus (Ericaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Midgley ◽  
Susan M. Chambers ◽  
John W. G. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Serum Albumen ◽  
Woollsia Pungens

The abilities of six genotypes of two putative Helotiales ascomycete ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa from Woollsia pungens Cav. (Muell.) and Leucopogon parviflorus (Andr.) Lindl. (Ericaceae) to utilise a range of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds for growth were tested in axenic liquid culture. Although significant intra- and interspecific variation was observed, genotypes of both taxa utilised NH4+, NO3–, a range of acidic, neutral and basic amino acids and bovine serum albumen as sole nitrogen sources, along with orthophosphate, inositol hexaphosphate and DNA as sole phosphorus sources. For several isolates of each taxon, growth on the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine was increased significantly when other forms of sulfur were excluded from the growth medium, suggesting that cysteine utilisation may represent a sulfur-scavenging strategy. Pooled data for all genotypes indicated that Taxon II produced significantly greater biomass on most substrates; however, in no case did this differ by an order of magnitude or more. Both taxa thus appear likely to have broadly similar abilities to obtain nitrogen and phosphorus from organic substrates on soil.

scholarly journals WASTEWATER TREATMENT WITH BIOCONVERSION FOR MOTOR FUEL PRODUCTION

ScienceRise ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Sergii Shamanskyi ◽  
Sergii Boichenko ◽  
Lesia Pavliukh
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Motor Fuel ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Fuel Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phosphorous Compounds ◽  
Technological Product

The object of research: the process of wastewater treatment using bioconversion for subsequent motor fuel production. Investigated problem: improving the efficiency of bioconversion process for biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater treatment by removing nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. The main scientific results: providing the possibility of biofuel production with energy and economic inefficiency. It is done by combining the process of motor biofuel production with the process of treating wastewater from biogenic elements makes it perspective for commercial use. Traditional technology for the production of motor biofuels from microalgae includes cultivation, harvesting, dehydration and drying of biomass, extraction of oils from them and subsequent production of methyl esters and glycerol. Such technology is often not economically effective. It requires significant amount of energy for carrying out all necessary processes. In addition, it requires significant expenditures of water and nutrients. The use of nutrient-rich wastewater as a culture medium for the cultivation of microalgae allows not only to reduce costs, but also to purify wastewater from nitrogen and phosphorus compounds, which makes this process economically effective. The area of practical use of the research results: Sewage and gray water treatment plants. Industrial and agricultural effluents treatment plants. Different types of enterprises, which have wastewater enriched with nitrogen and phosphorous compounds. Innovative technological product: The technology of microalgae cultivation using wastewater as a culture medium. The technology allows effectively purifying used wastewaters from nitrogen and phosphorous compounds with no waste at the end. Scope of the innovative technological product: Improved technology of motor biofuel production with simultaneous wastewater purification, which is economically effective and environmentally safe.

Interaction of ethylaluminum dichloride with organic nitrogen and phosphorus compounds in three-component polyolefin catalysts

1965 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 2135-2147
Author(s):  
Richard L. McConnell ◽  
Marvin A. McCall ◽  
G. O. Cash ◽  
F. B. Joyner ◽  
H. W. Coover
Keyword(s):  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

Design of the treatment wetland determines nitrous oxide emission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuno Kasak ◽  
Keit Kill ◽  
Evelyn Uuemaa ◽  
Ülo Mander
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Water Table Depth ◽  
Treatment Wetlands ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Treatment Wetland ◽  
Vegetation Growth ◽  
Sampling Campaign

<p>Treatment wetlands are widespread measures to reduce agricultural diffuse pollution. Systems that are often planted with emergent macrophytes such as Typha spp. and Phragmites spp. are efficient to reduce nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus compounds. While many experiments have been conducted to study the emission of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>), little attention has been paid for the emission of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O). Few studies have been shown that usually N<sub>2</sub>O emission from water saturated ecosystems such as wetlands is low to negligible. In Vända in-stream treatment wetland that was built in 2015 and located in southern Estonia, we carried out first long term N<sub>2</sub>O measurements using floating chambers. The total area of the wetland is roughly .5 ha; 12 boardwalks, each equipped with two sampling spots, were created. Samples were collected biweekly from March 2019 through January 2021. In each sampling campaign water table depth, water and air temperature, O<sub>2</sub> concentration, oxygen reduction potential, pH and electrical conductivity were registered. Water samples for TN, NO<sub>3</sub>-N, NO<sub>2</sub>-N, TOC, TIC and TC were collected from inflow and outflow of the system in each sampling session and the average concentrations were 5.1 mg/L, 3.68 mg/L, <0.1 mg/L, 41.2 mg/L and 28.7, respectively. Our results showed a very high variability of N<sub>2</sub>O emission: the fluxes ranged from -4.5 ug m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> to 2674.2 ug m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> with mean emission of 97.3 ug m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. Based on gas samples (n=687) we saw a strong correlation (R<sup>2</sup> = -0.38, p<0.0001) between N<sub>2</sub>O emission and water depth. The average N<sub>2</sub>O emission from sections with the water table depth >15 cm was 45.9 ug m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup> while sections with water table depth <15 cm showed average emission of 648.3 ug m<sup>-2</sup> h<sup>-1</sup>. The difference between these areas was more than 10 times. Water temperature that is often considered as the main driver had less effect to the N<sub>2</sub>O emission. For instance, at lower temperatures, when the emissions from deeper zones decreased, there was no temperature effect on emissions from shallow zones. We also saw that over the years the overall N<sub>2</sub>O emission followed clear seasonal dynamics and has a slight trend towards lower emissions. This can be related to the more intensive vegetation growth that has been increased from ~40% in 2019 to approximately 90% in 2020. Our study demonstrates that the design of the wetland is not only important for the water treatment, but it can also determine the magnitude of greenhouse gas emissions. We saw that even slight changes in water table depth can have a significant effect on the annual N<sub>2</sub>O emission. Thus, in-stream treatment wetlands that have water table depth at least 15 cm likely have remarkably lower N<sub>2</sub>O emissions without losing water treatment efficiency.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in the vertical flow-type constructed wetlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Puchlik
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Substance ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Vertical Flow ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus

The purpose of the work was to determine the effectiveness of wastewater treatment from the fruit and vegetable industry in constructed wetlands supported by a bio-preparation. An increase in the efficiency of organic substance purification expressed as BOD5 and COD by 8% in deposit with the addition of bio-preparation in relation to the control bed (without the addition of bio-preparation), was found. The efficiency of the total suspension, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased respectively by 19.5%, 10%, and 27% in relation to the bed without addition of bio-preparation. Constructed wetlands treatment plant ensures high removal of organic compounds expressed as BOD5 and COD, as well as guarantees reduction in the concentration of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds.

scholarly journals Ecophysiological Distinctions of Haloarchaea from a Hypersaline Antarctic Lake as Determined by Metaproteomics

2016 ◽  
Vol 82 (11) ◽  
pp. 3165-3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Tschitschko ◽  
Timothy J. Williams ◽  
Michelle A. Allen ◽  
Ling Zhong ◽  
Mark J. Raftery ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Complexity ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Specific Protein ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Deep Lake ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Vestfold Hills ◽  
Life On Earth

ABSTRACTDeep Lake in the Vestfold Hills is hypersaline and the coldest system in Antarctica known to support microbial growth (temperatures as low as −20°C). It represents a strong experimental model because the lake supports a low-complexity community of haloarchaea, with the three most abundant species totaling ∼72%. Moreover, the dominant haloarchaea are cultivatable, and their genomes are sequenced. Here we use metaproteomics linked to metagenome data and the genome sequences of the isolates to characterize the main pathways, trophic strategies, and interactions associated with resource utilization. The dominance of the most abundant member,Halohasta litchfieldiae, appears to be predicated on competitive utilization of substrates (e.g., starch, glycerol, and dihydroxyacetone) produced byDunaliella, the lake's primary producer, while also possessing diverse mechanisms for acquiring nitrogen and phosphorus. The second most abundant member, strain DL31, is proficient in degrading complex proteinaceous matter.Hht. litchfieldiaeand DL31 are inferred to release labile substrates that are utilized byHalorubrum lacusprofundi, the third most abundant haloarchaeon in Deep Lake. The study also linked genome variation to specific protein variants or distinct genetic capacities, thereby identifying strain-level variation indicative of specialization. Overall, metaproteomics revealed that rather than functional differences occurring at different lake depths or through size partitioning, the main lake genera possess major trophic distinctions, and phylotypes (e.g., strains ofHht. litchfieldiae) exhibit a more subtle level of specialization. This study highlights the extent to which the lake supports a relatively uniform distribution of taxa that collectively possess the genetic capacity to effectively exploit available nutrients throughout the lake.IMPORTANCELife on Earth has evolved to colonize a broad range of temperatures, but most of the biosphere (∼85%) exists at low temperatures (≤5°C). By performing unique roles in biogeochemical cycles, environmental microorganisms perform functions that are critical for the rest of life on Earth to survive. Cold environments therefore make a particularly important contribution to maintaining healthy, stable ecosystems. Here we describe the main physiological traits of the dominant microorganisms that inhabit Deep Lake in Antarctica, the coldest aquatic environment known to support life. The hypersaline system enables the growth of halophilic members of theArchaea: haloarchaea. By analyzing proteins of samples collected from the water column, we determined the functions that the haloarchaea were likely to perform. This study showed that the dominant haloarchaea possessed distinct lifestyles yet formed a uniform community throughout the lake that was collectively adept at using available light energy and diverse organic substrates for growth.

Methods and time of application of labelled nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers in maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-534
Author(s):  
E. P. Papanicolaou ◽  
V. D. Skarlou ◽  
C. Nobeli ◽  
N. S. Katranis
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maize Yield ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Maize Grain

SummaryIn this study two field experiments were conducted on a heavy to medium heavy, calcareous, recent alluvial soil of Central Greece. The main aim of these experiments was to study the effect of the most common nitrogen sources, applied in one or two doses, on maize growth and fertilizer utilization. Foliar application of urea was also a treatment included in these experiments.Phosphorus alone had no significant effect on maize yield. Nitrogen (various forms), alone or in combination with phosphorus, increased the yield and nitrogen content of maize. Maize yield was not significantly affected by the form of nitrogen or by dividing the application of nitrogen. Foliar applications of urea were as effective as soil applications in increasing maize grain yields.The percentage of fertilizer nitrogen taken up (utilization coefficient) ranged between ca. 58% for sodium nitrate and ammonium nitrate, and ca. 39% for ammonium sulphate and urea, when the fertilizers were applied about 10 weeks after sowing. Foliar urea was nearly as efficiently utilized as urea applied as a sidedressing. Application of the tested fertilizers before sowing was nearly as efficient as or more efficient than application of the fertilizers as a sidedressing at 70 cm plant height (38 days after sowing). Finally, addition of 120 kg N/ha enhanced the amount of soil nitrogen taken up in the maize crop by 33%.

Metal insensitivity in ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes from Woollsia pungens (Epacridaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. G. Cairney ◽  
Darryl M. van Leerdam ◽  
David M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Woollsia Pungens

The influence of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ on biomass production by 13 ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes (all putative Leotiales ascomycetes) from Woollsia pungens (Epacridaceae), along with three isolates of Hymenoscyphus spp., was investigated in axenic liquid culture. Inter- and intraspecific variation was observed in effective concentration values that inhibited growth by 50% (EC50) for each metal; however, values varied by only a single order of magnitude for a particular metal (16.67–261.00 mmol m–3 for Zn2+, 2.50–12.33 mmol m–3 for Cd2+ and 3.00–43.88 mmol m-3for Cu2+). Values of EC50 for the endophytes from W. pungens were thus broadly similar to those from H. ericae. Combined metal treatments had either additive or ameliorative effects on the toxicity of individual metals to the various isolates. The data suggest that resistance to toxic metals is broadly similar in ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes from Northern Hemisphere Ericaceae and Australian Epacridaceae.

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