Metal insensitivity in ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes from Woollsia pungens (Epacridaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. G. Cairney ◽  
Darryl M. van Leerdam ◽  
David M. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Intraspecific Variation ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Toxic Metals ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Woollsia Pungens

The influence of Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ on biomass production by 13 ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes (all putative Leotiales ascomycetes) from Woollsia pungens (Epacridaceae), along with three isolates of Hymenoscyphus spp., was investigated in axenic liquid culture. Inter- and intraspecific variation was observed in effective concentration values that inhibited growth by 50% (EC50) for each metal; however, values varied by only a single order of magnitude for a particular metal (16.67–261.00 mmol m–3 for Zn2+, 2.50–12.33 mmol m–3 for Cd2+ and 3.00–43.88 mmol m-3for Cu2+). Values of EC50 for the endophytes from W. pungens were thus broadly similar to those from H. ericae. Combined metal treatments had either additive or ameliorative effects on the toxicity of individual metals to the various isolates. The data suggest that resistance to toxic metals is broadly similar in ericoid mycorrhizal endophytes from Northern Hemisphere Ericaceae and Australian Epacridaceae.

Inorganic and organic substrates as sources of nitrogen and phosphorus for multiple genotypes of two ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa from Woollsia pungens and Leucopogon parviflorus (Ericaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
David J. Midgley ◽  
Susan M. Chambers ◽  
John W. G. Cairney
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Phosphorus Compounds ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Serum Albumen ◽  
Woollsia Pungens

The abilities of six genotypes of two putative Helotiales ascomycete ericoid mycorrhizal fungal taxa from Woollsia pungens Cav. (Muell.) and Leucopogon parviflorus (Andr.) Lindl. (Ericaceae) to utilise a range of nitrogen and phosphorus compounds for growth were tested in axenic liquid culture. Although significant intra- and interspecific variation was observed, genotypes of both taxa utilised NH4+, NO3–, a range of acidic, neutral and basic amino acids and bovine serum albumen as sole nitrogen sources, along with orthophosphate, inositol hexaphosphate and DNA as sole phosphorus sources. For several isolates of each taxon, growth on the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine was increased significantly when other forms of sulfur were excluded from the growth medium, suggesting that cysteine utilisation may represent a sulfur-scavenging strategy. Pooled data for all genotypes indicated that Taxon II produced significantly greater biomass on most substrates; however, in no case did this differ by an order of magnitude or more. Both taxa thus appear likely to have broadly similar abilities to obtain nitrogen and phosphorus from organic substrates on soil.

scholarly journals Variability in a four-network composite of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> differences between three primary baseline sites

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger J. Francey ◽  
Jorgen S. Frederiksen ◽  
L. Paul Steele ◽  
Ray L. Langenfelds
Keyword(s):  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Hadley Circulation ◽  
Enso Event ◽  
Surface Fluxes ◽  
Boreal Summer ◽  
Monitoring Networks ◽  
Carbon Cycle Model ◽  
Co2 Partial Pressure ◽  
Interhemispheric Difference ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract. Spatial differences in the monthly baseline CO2 since 1992 from Mauna Loa, (mlo, 19.5° N, 155.6° W, 3379 m), Cape Grim (cgo, 40.7° S, 144.7° E, 94 m) and South Pole (spo, 90° S, 2810 m), are examined for consistency between four monitoring networks. For each site pair, a composite based on the average of NOAA, CSIRO and two independent SIO analysis methods is presented. Averages of the monthly standard deviations are 0.25, 0.23 and 0.16 ppm for mlo-cgo, mlo-spo and cgo-spo respectively. This high degree of consistency and near-monthly temporal differentiation (compared to CO2 growth rates) provides an opportunity to use the composite differences for verification of global carbon cycle model simulations. Interhemispheric CO2 variation is predominantly imparted by the mlo data. The peaks and dips of the seasonal variation in interhemispheric difference act largely independently. The peaks mainly occur in May, near the peak of Northern Hemisphere terrestrial respiration. Boreal spring is when interhemispheric exchange via eddy processes dominates, with increasing contributions from mean transport into boreal summer. The dips occur in September, when the CO2 partial pressure difference is near zero, just after the peak in the mean interhemispheric exchange via the Hadley circulation. Surface-air terrestrial flux anomalies would need to be up to an order of magnitude larger than found in order to explain the peak and dip CO2 variations (large enough to significantly influence short-term northern hemisphere growth rate variations). Recent features in the composite records, inconsistent in timing and amplitude with air-surface fluxes, are largely consistent with interhemispheric transport variations. These include the remarkable stability in annual CO2 inter-hemispheric difference in the 5-year relatively ENSO-quiet period 2010–2014, and the 2017 recovery in the CO2 interhemispheric gradient from the unprecedented ENSO event in 2015–16.

scholarly journals Mapping of the quasi-periodic oscillations at the flank magnetopause into the ionosphere

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 1993-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Dougal ◽  
K. Nykyri ◽  
T. W. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Northern Hemisphere ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Alfven Wave ◽  
Periodic Oscillations ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Magnetometer Data ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Abstract. We have estimated the ionospheric location, area, and travel time of quasi-periodic oscillations originating from the magnetospheric flanks. This was accomplished by utilizing global and local MHD models and Tsyganenko semi-empirical magnetic field model on multiple published and four new cases believed to be caused by the Kelvin–Helmholtz Instability. Finally, we used auroral, magnetometer, and radar instruments to observe the ionospheric signatures. The ionospheric magnetic latitude determined using global MHD and Tsyganenko models ranged from 58.3–80.2 degrees in the Northern Hemisphere and −59.6 degrees to −83.4 degrees in the Southern Hemisphere. The ionospheric magnetic local time ranged between 5.0–13.8 h in the Northern Hemisphere and 1.3–11.9 h in the Southern Hemisphere. Typical Alfvén wave travel time from spacecraft location to the closest ionosphere ranged between 0.6–3.6 min. The projected ionospheric size calculated at an altitude of 100 km ranged from 47–606 km, the same order of magnitude as previously determined ionospheric signature sizes. Stationary and traveling convection vortices were observed in SuperDARN radar data in both hemispheres. The vortices were between 1000–1800 km in size. Some events were located within the ionospheric footprint ranges. Pc5 magnetic oscillations were observed in SuperMAG magnetometer data in both hemispheres. The oscillations had periods between 4–10 min with amplitudes of 3–25 nT. They were located within the ionospheric footprint ranges. Some ground magnetometer data power spectral density peaked at frequencies within one tenth of a mHz of the peaks found in the corresponding Cluster data. These magnetometer observations were consistent with previously published results.

scholarly journals Study over volcanic ash contamination conditions of Romanian air space-Etna

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Denisa URLEA ◽  
Sabina STEFAN ◽  
Nicu BARBU ◽  
Andreea CALCAN
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Model Output ◽  
Mass Loading ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
Air Space ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Transport Behaviour ◽  
Environmental Stratification ◽  
Magnitude Difference

This study is focused on finding the hypothetical conditions under of which the Romanian air space could be affected by a volcanic ash-like pollutant originating from Etna Volcano. We describe the plume transport behaviour, on its way to Romania, using the mass loading distribution displayed by the HYSPLIT (Hybrid Single Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory) model output. From the WLK (Wetterlagen-klassifikation) catalogue we have specific day sequences showing more than three days of a south-western circulation with a wet anticyclonic pattern over Romania. The resulting 24 cases in a period spanning more than a decade (2004-2014) displayed that the chances of contamination would be better for a quiescent environment around Etna’s summit. There were found ten cases in quiescent atmosphere and only four cases in windy atmosphere with Romanian air space contamination. Although it was not possible to determine the effective concentration of the fine ash pollutant it was possible to isolate the mass loading distribution in time. As the study cases displayed one order of magnitude difference between mass loading distributions it became obvious that the behaviour of the mass loading distribution in time has a directly dependence on the environmental stratification of the Etna’s summit atmosphere.

scholarly journals High root biomass production in anchoredArabidopsisplants grown in axenic sucrose supplemented liquid culture

BioTechniques ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-France Hétu ◽  
Linda J. Tremblay ◽  
Daniel D. Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Root Biomass ◽  
Liquid Culture

scholarly journals Sensitivity of Botrytis squamosa to Different Classes of Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-578 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Tremblay ◽  
B. G. Talbot ◽  
O. Carisse
Keyword(s):  
Radial Growth ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Botrytis Squamosa ◽  
Solid Media

An automated quantitative (AQ) assay was compared with radial growth on solid media and with dry weight in liquid culture for assaying fungicide sensitivity in Botrytis squamosa, the causal agent of onion leaf blight. Five isolates of B. squamosa were assayed for sensitivity to mancozeb (Dithane DG) and iprodione (Rovral) at five concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, and 50 ppm). For mancozeb, the correlations between 50% effective concentration (EC50) values obtained with the three assays were not significant; however for iprodione, correlations between EC50 values for AQ and radial growth and for AQ and dry weight were significant (r = 0.98 and 0.99, respectively). The AQ method was less time consuming and more reliable than the two standard assays. The AQ method was used to evaluate the sensitivity of 35 field isolates of B. squamosa to mancozeb (Dithane DG), iprodione (Rovral), vinclozolin (Ronilan DF), and chlorothalonil (Bravo 500). All isolates were sensitive to mancozeb (EC50 ranged from 3.36 to 12.97) and chlorothalonil (EC50 < 1.5 μg/ml), but four isolates were insensitive to both iprodione (EC50 ≥ 3.98 μg/ml) and vinclozolin (EC50 ≥ 17.49 μg/ml). The ratio of the EC50 values of the least-sensitive and the most-sensitive isolates of B. squamosa was 1.08, 3.86, 6.98, and 37.59 for chlorothalonil, mancozeb, iprodione, and vinclozolin, respectively. Cross-resistance was observed for the two dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione and vinclozolin, with a significant correlation (r = 0.94) in the sensitivity of the 35 isolates to these two fungicides.

scholarly journals Biomass Production of Gynura procumbens Adventitious Roots in Different Type of Liquid Culture

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yosephine Sri Wulan Manuhara ◽  
Dannis Yuda Kusuma ◽  
Rafika Lailiyatul Kurnia Sari ◽  
Alfinda Novi Kristanti
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Adventitious Roots ◽  
Liquid Culture ◽  
Shake Flask ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Temporary Immersion

<p class="IsiAbstrakIndo"><em><span lang="EN-GB">Gynura procumbens</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> has a potency to produce raw material for pharmaceutical industry. Liquid culture systems have significant effects on multiplication rates of organ, so the propagation technology to increase biomass of this plant or organ using the liquid culture system was necessary. This research was conducted to compare biomass production of adventitious roots of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">G. procumbens</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> in different liquid culture (shake flask, temporary immersion bioreactor and balloon-type bubble bioreactor). Adventitious roots culture was maintained in Murashige and Skoog liquid medium supplemented with IBA (indole butyric acid) 5 mg/L and different concentrations of sucrose (10, 30, 50 g/L). Result showed that the highest biomass production (fresh weight) was in shake flask that was 3.9-fold higher than initial explant, while in temporary immersion system was 5.12-fold higher than initial explant, and in balloon- type bubble bioreactor was 13.1-fold higher than initial explant. The highest enhancement of adventitious roots was occurred at sucrose supplementation of 50 g/L. Based on this research we found that the best type of liquid culture to increase biomass of </span><em><span lang="EN-GB">G. procumbens</span></em><span lang="EN-GB"> adventitious roots was balloon-type bubble bioreactor. Scaling-up of adventitious root culture are necessary to fulfill the need of raw material for pharmaceutical industry and ballon-type bubble bioreactor was the most suitable method to scale up the performance. </span></p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document