scholarly journals Identification of intracellular calcium oxalate crystals in Chamelaucium uncinatum (Myrtaceae)

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Macnish ◽  
Donald E. Irving ◽  
Daryl C. Joyce ◽  
Vasanthe Vithanage ◽  
Alan H. Wearing ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Raman Microprobe ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Acid Solubility ◽  
Soluble Calcium ◽  
Chamelaucium Uncinatum

Intracellular inclusions in the pedicel and calyx-tube tissues of Chamelaucium uncinatum Schauer (Myrtaceae) flowers are irregular in shape. They were shown, by polarised light and scanning electron microscopy, to be birefringent 8.9–29.5 μm druse (i.e. aggregate) crystals. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that these crystals were predominantly composed of calcium. Histochemical and acid-solubility tests indicated that the crystals were calcium oxalate. Raman microprobe spectroscopy was used to confirm this chemical identity. The calcium oxalate crystals were located in xylem-vessel lumens and also in parenchyma cells adjacent to vascular tissues. Thus, the crystals may function to regulate soluble calcium concentrations in C. uncinatum tissues near sites where calcium is unloaded from the xylem.

scholarly journals Novel Growth Age Characterization for Fresh Herbal Ginseng Based on Quantitative Counting of the Calcium Oxalate Crystals through FEG-ESEM

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (18) ◽  
pp. 8389
Author(s):  
Siqing Fan ◽  
Yong Huang ◽  
Puxin Gao ◽  
Chunsong Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Micro Ct ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Counting Method ◽  
Multiple Methods ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Rapid Characterization ◽  
First Time ◽  
Chemical Testing

To reveal the accumulation of the calcium oxalate crystals (COH Crystals) during the growth and development of the taproot of Panax ginseng, and develop a novel and rapid characterization method to evaluate the growth age of commercial ginseng, multiple methods in micro characterization techniques of SAXS, Micro-CT, FEG-ESEM and Micro-Raman were used to identify the COH Crystals and establish a quantitative counting method for growth age identification. In this study, a cross-analysis with multiple methods proved for the first time with a Raman and Energy spectrum that the high-density particles widely distributed in the parenchyma cells of the xylem and cortex are COH Crystals; we also first realized quantitative counting of the COH Crystals on the cross-section of fresh ginseng samples. Moreover, catering to the testing requirements of the modern trading of fresh ginseng products, we also specifically established an interesting and useful mathematical equation (Y = 2.3797X − 1.2404) for growth age identification. The technology and strategy in this study effectively compensated for the shortcomings of chemical testing and other methods in technical limitations; hence, the application of more ginseng varieties to perform the technical optimization is expected.

scholarly journals Occurrence, type and location of calcium oxalate crystals in selected medicinal plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Munuswamy ◽  
V. Krishnan ◽  
S. Amerjothy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Polarised Light ◽  
Prismatic Crystal ◽  
Reserve Forest ◽  
Medical Plants ◽  
Occurrence Type ◽  
Aerva Lanata

Crystals in selected medical plants growing naturally in Place palayam reserve forest, Thiruvallur District were studied with Polarised light microscope. Four types of crystals were observed: druses, prismatics,  raphide and rosettes crystal. Druses more in cortical parenchyma and ground parenchyma cells in the stem & petiole region. In contrast prismatic, raphide and rosettes present in cortical, ground, axial and phloem parenchyma in the roots and stems. The Preliminary results show the presence of four types of calcium oxalate crystals in the stems, Petiole & roots of 10 Species: Achyranthes aspera, Aerva lanata, Atalantia monophylla, Bridelia Crenulata presence of Druses crystal, Plumeria rubra, Adhatoda zeylanica presence of prismatic   crystal,  Asparagus racemosus, Monochoria vaginalis presence of raphide crystal and Carica papaya and  Carissa spinarum presence of rosette type of crystal. These observations indicate that there is relationship between the distribution of calcium oxalate crystals and the medicinal parts of the plant and supports the view that the presence of calcium oxalate crystals may relate to the adulterants.

Diversity of calcium oxalate crystals in Cactaceae

2007 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter P. Hartl ◽  
Helmut Klapper ◽  
Bruno Barbier ◽  
Hans Jürgen Ensikat ◽  
Richard Dronskowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Polarizing Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate ◽  
Crystal Forms ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Crystal Sand ◽  
Scanning Electron

The occurrence of various types of calcium oxalate crystals was studied in 251 species and subspecies of Cactaceae to determine whether they are useful characters for Cactaceae systematics. Crystal hydration states were identified by X-ray powder diffraction and polarizing microscopy as monoclinic calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) and tetragonal calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD). Ninety-eight percent of taxa studied contained either COM or COD crystals, or both. Different morphologies of crystals were further defined by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy as druses, raphides, styloids (prisms), and crystal sand. In particular, the preponderance of one of the hydration states (COM or COD) was characteristic for certain Cactus subfamilies. Data showed that in Pereskioideae, Maihuenioideae, and Opuntioideae COM is predominant, while in Cactoideae COD prevails. In the remainder of Cactoideae, the crystals were quite variable. In tribe Hylocereeae, many species form both COM and COD as well. In the genera Hylocereus , Epiphyllum , Selenicereus , and Weberocereus , COM forms were almost exclusively represented by raphides together with different crystal forms in their epidermal cells. In the remainder of the Cactoideae, crystals did not follow any observable patterns. Development of crystallographic standards for identifying crystal forms microscopically is proposed for future crystal studies.

Calcium oxalate crystals of some Crataegus (Rosaceae) species growing in Aegean region

Biologia ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Demiray
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Aegean Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Rosaceae Species ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Hydration State ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Ca Oxalate

AbstractIn this study, Ca oxalate crystals were isolated from the leaves and X-ray diffraction identified them as weddelite in Crataegus pontica C. Koch, C. stevenii Polar., C. monogyna ssp. monogyna Jacq. in C. orientalis var. orientalis Pallas ex Bieb. both whewellite and weddelite crystals were found. Although there were some differences among the soluble and insoluble oxalate contents, they were not notable in the species of C. stevenii (10%; 18%), C. orientalis (12.4%; 15%), C. monogyna (12.9%; 13%), whereas in C. pontica the difference was so great with the lowest soluble (4%), and highest (28%) insoluble oxalate content. Crystals have tetragonal or prismatic shape in general but tetrahedral kinked and straight shapes were seen in C. orientalis, tetragonal aggregates in C. stevenii, and also pseudo-tetrahedral cordate (heart) shape were found in C. monogyna ssp. monogyna and C. pontica. As the crystal biomineralization is under genetic control, this characteristic hydration state of crystals of Crataegus orientalis var. orientalis must be important for systematic phylogenetics.

scholarly journals Calcium Oxalate Biomineralization by Piloderma fallax in Response to Various Levels of Calcium and Phosphorus

2009 ◽  
Vol 75 (22) ◽  
pp. 7079-7085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa Marie S. Tuason ◽  
Joselito M. Arocena
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate ◽  
Phosphorus Limitation ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungus ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Hardwood Species ◽  
Calcium And Phosphorus

ABSTRACT Piloderma fallax is an ectomycorrhizal fungus commonly associated with several conifer and hardwood species. We examined the formation of calcium oxalate crystals by P. fallax in response to calcium (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, and 5 mM) and phosphorus (0.1 and 6 mM) additions in modified Melin-Norkrans agar medium. Both calcium and phosphorus supplementation significantly affected the amount of calcium oxalate formed. More calcium oxalate was formed at high P levels. Concentrations of soluble oxalate in the fungus and medium were higher at low P levels. There was a strong positive linear relationship between Ca level and calcium oxalate but only under conditions of phosphorus limitation. Calcium oxalate crystals were identified as the monohydrate form (calcium oxalate monohydrate [COM] whewellite) by X-ray diffraction analysis. Prismatic, styloid, and raphide forms of the crystals, characteristic COM, were observed on the surface of fungal hyphae by scanning electron microscopy. P. fallax may be capable of dissolving hyphal calcium oxalate under conditions of limited Ca. The biomineralization of calcium oxalate by fungi may be an important step in the translocation and cycling of Ca and P in soil.

Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Fusiform Cells of the Cambium of Gmelina Arborea

IAWA Journal ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.P. Deshpande ◽  
A.K. Vishwakarma
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Western India ◽  
Gmelina Arborea ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Ray Cells ◽  
Short Needle

Short, needle-shaped calcium oxalate crystals have been observed in the fusiform cells throughout the cambial zone in the bark of Gmelina arborea Roxb., a deciduous tree in western India. They are similar to the crystals found in ray cells of the cambium and in axial and ray parenchyma cells in the secondary phloem of this tree. The crystals are most abundant when the cambium is inactive. During the period of meristernatic activity there is an overall reduction in their density in the bark, particularly in the inner bark where fusiform cambial cells and axial parenchyma cells in the conducting zone of phloem appear practically free of any crystals. However, ray initials and their derivatives in the phloem possess some crystals at all times. The occurrence of calcium oxalate deposits in a meristem and the reversible nature of these deposits support the view that they represent areserve of calcium rather than a waste product.

Crystal chemistry of calcium oxalate formed in plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
Yuuko Ishii ◽  
Kazuyoshi Takiyama
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Crystal Chemistry ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Cherry Tree ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Plum Tree

Calcium oxalate crystals, which were produced in plants to protect protoplasm from the toxic action of oxalic acid formed by metabolism, were observed with an optical microscope. In the present investigation, calcium oxalate crystals isolated from many plants were studied from the viewpoint of crystal chemistry.Leaves of spinach, begonia, begonia lucerna, garden sorrel, goose foot, camellia, tea-plant, agave, et al., stem of aloe, and barks of cherry-tree, plum-tree, fir, camphor-tree et al. were used in the investigation. Plants were cut into small pieces and pulverized in water with a food blender. The mixture was filtered through gauze and water was sprinkled onto the residue. Many small crystalline particles sank in the filtrate. Particles were carefully gathered into a beaker. Dried particles were observed with a scanning electron microscope(SEM) and analyzed with an X-ray diffraction(XRD).

Seasonal Presence of Acicular Calcium Oxalate Crystals in the Cambial Zone of Citharexylum Myrianthum (Verbenaceae)

IAWA Journal ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Regina Marcati ◽  
Veronica Angyalossy
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Calcium Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Xylem Parenchyma ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Oxalate Crystals ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Cambial Zone ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
Ray Cell

This study focuses on the seasonal presence of acicular crystals in the cambial zone of Citharexylum myrianthum Cham. (Verbenaceae). Specimens collected in different months from 1996 to 2000 were examined for the abundance of acicular crystals in the cambium. This information was correlated with the phenology of the species and the climate of the region. Acicular calcium oxalate crystals were found in cambial fusiform and ray cell initials, as well as in their daughter cells. An abundance of crystals was observed during periods of water deficit and leaffall (July). Fewer crystals were found in the beginning of the wet season and bud swelling (September). When trees were ftowering and the soil was wet (November and December), acicular crystals were rarely observed. During this period, acicular crystals were found in differentiating phloem and xylem parenchyma cells, in fully differentiated phloem cells, but not in fully differentiated xylem cells.

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