Eucalyptus camaldulensis × globulus hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel A. Meddings ◽  
Jen A. McComb ◽  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Sandra R. Thomas ◽  
Richard A. Mazanec
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Style Length ◽  
Controlled Pollination ◽  
Broken Hill ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Natural Stands ◽  
Lower Node ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Shape And Size

Controlled pollination techniques were used to produce hybrids between Eucalyptus camaldulensis and E. globulus, with E. camaldulensis as the female parent. There were substantial barriers to hybridisation, with a 28% reduction in the percentage capsule set, a 78% reduction in the number of seeds produced per capsule, a 99% increase in the number of inviable abnormal seedlings and overall a 92% reduction in the number of normal seedlings produced per pollinated flower compared with outcrossed E. camaldulensis. The number of normal seedlings per pollinated flower varied from 0.1 to 4.7 and was most strongly affected by the source of the pollen. Selfing E. camaldulensis showed it to be partially self-incompatible, with a 29% reduction in the percentage capsule set and an 86% reduction in the number of seeds produced per capsule compared with outcrosses. One reciprocal combination of E. camaldulensis clones originating from Erudina and Broken Hill gave a very low seed�set.Cotyledon shape of the E. camaldulensis × globulus hybrids was intermediate between the two parents and an excellent way of checking that seedlings were hybrids. Shape and size of juvenile leaves did not distinguish the hybrids, but hybrid leaves started to change from being opposite and sessile to alternate and petiolate at a lower node than in the E. globulus parent, although not as quickly as for E. camaldulensis. In adult trees, although the hybrid leaves were longer than leaves of the parent species, it was difficult to identify the hybrids in the field on this basis. Flowers of the hybrid were more similar to E. camaldulensis, being in pedicellate clusters of 3–6. Flower size was intermediate between the parents (operculum height and width, stamen and style length). Fruits were also intermediate in size but valves were exserted as in E. camaldulensis. Hybrids were fertile and overlapped in flowering time with E. camaldulensis, so that if planted adjacent to natural stands of E. camaldulensis, some introgression may occur.

scholarly journals Pre- dispersal seed loss of Ramorinoa girolae (Fabaceae) in Ischigualasto Provincial Park (San Juan, Argentina

2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-594
Author(s):  
Sofía Papú ◽  
Susana Lagos Silnik ◽  
Claudia M. Campos
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Mixed Models ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Dispersal Stage ◽  
Provincial Park ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Ramorinoa girolae Speg. is a “vulnerable” tree endemic to Argentina. During the pre-dispersal stage, the seeds are predated by Anypsipyla univitella. The objectives of this study were to describe some reproductive parameters (size and number of fruits and seeds) of R. girolae, to quantify pre-dispersal seed loss by abortion and predation, and to test the effect on pre-dispersal seed predation of fruit production (per tree, of co-specific neighbors, and the sum of both), size of fruits, number of seeds per fruit, and number of predators per fruit. As seeds can be partially consumed by the predator, the viability of partially damaged seeds was assessed as well. At Ischigualasto Park, we sampled 17 adult trees from 3 stands spaced 4 km apart. For each focal tree, we quantified the number of co-specific neighbors and their fruits. We collected ten fruits from canopies and recorded their length and the number and states of seeds (intact, predated, and aborted). Generalized Linear Mixed Models were fitted to evaluate explanatory variables affecting the proportion of pre-dispersal predated seeds. R. girolae suffers great loss of seeds during the pre-dispersal stage, mainly by seed predation (58% of seeds). The proportion of predated seeds was most important relative to the number of predators, the number of seeds per fruit, and the size of fruits. Fruits containing more predators, more seeds, and smaller fruits had higher proportions of predated seeds. Seed abortion would not represent an important factor of seed loss (6% of seeds

Sodicity, conventional drainage and bio-drainage in Israel

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Gafni ◽  
Yechiel Zohar
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
High Water ◽  
Groundwater Table ◽  
First Year ◽  
Broken Hill ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Direct Infiltration ◽  
Artesian Aquifer ◽  
Rates Of Growth

Years of intensive irrigated farming in the inland valleys of northern Israel have caused secondary salinity in vast areas. Soil salinity/sodicity surveys, conducted after the problem was recognised, showed relatively high levels of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) in the active soil layers. In a sample of 7 affected fields, 92.5% of the 1584 SAR measurements on cored soil samples had values >5, and 39% had values >15. Two ameliorative approaches were conceived to reverse the evident salinity/sodicity trends in the Yizre’el Valley: (a) a gravitational, newly engineered, subsurface drainage system; and (b) bio-drainage, using eucalypts as a means to control the high water tables. Both approaches were very successful according to the chosen criteria. The drainage system, comprising 3 drain components, effectively controlled excess water from 3 sources: direct infiltration, lateral subsurface flow, and a deep, presumably upward-seeping, artesian aquifer. The groundwater table response to the installation of the applied drainage system was immediate. In the next rainy season, there was an associated and appreciable deep leaching of Cl– and somewhat less of Na+. More than 3000 ha of land has been drained in this way in the past 10 years in the northern, salinity-prone, inland valleys. The bio-drainage approach, tested in 5 different waterlogged and salinity-affected sites in the Yizre’el Valley, also proved very successful. The rates of growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis provenances was impressive from the first year. In the best plot, in the fifth year, biomass production reached 30 t/ha.year for the Broken-Hill ecotype (NSW) and peaked at 57 t/ha.year for the Hadera (Israel) ecotype. The annual transpiration of selected trees at Nahalal was 1360 mm, or 3 times the local average annual precipitation. The groundwater table dropped to below 3 m in the summer of the fifth year—sufficient to provide saltflushing conditions. In a related study at the Nahalal site, it was demonstrated that E. camaldulensis screens out the salts while consuming soil water. That, coupled with prolonged stresses of salinity and flooding, can be detrimental to eucalypts. In conclusion, despite sodic conditions, which are ‘formal’ by definition and which prevail in much of the area of our northern valleys, drainage, whether conventional or biological, if well-designed and implemented, is a viable means for controlling local hydrology and restraining salinitysodicity trends.

Crotalaria shrirangiana (Fabaceae): A new rattlepod from the Western Ghats of India

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 449 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-194
Author(s):  
KRISHNAT ROKADE ◽  
JAGDISH VISHNU DALAVI ◽  
SWAROOPSINGH GAIKWAD ◽  
NIKHIL GAIKWAD
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Western Ghats ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Crotalaria Juncea ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Western Ghats Of India ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Shape And Size

Crotalaria shrirangiana is described and illustrated as a new species in the present communication. The new species is found growing in northern Western Ghats ranges of Maharashtra. It is an erect, profusely branched under-shrub up to 1.5 m in height, with bright yellow flowers. It shows close affinities with Crotalaria juncea but is distinguished by details of its stem indumentum, shape and size of the leaves, inflorescence, bracts and bracteoles, shape and size of the flowers, standard petal, pod size and number of seeds per pod.

scholarly journals Plant regeneration from cotyledonary explants of Eucalyptus camaldulensis

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberson Dibax ◽  
Cristiane de Loyola Eisfeld ◽  
Francine Lorena Cuquel ◽  
Henrique Koehler ◽  
Marguerite Quoirin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Regeneration ◽  
Eucalyptus Camaldulensis ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Mineral Medium ◽  
Naphthaleneacetic Acid ◽  
Ms Medium ◽  
Efficient Treatment ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Strength Medium

Breeding methods based on genetic transformation techniques need to be implemented for Eucalyptus camaldulensis to shorten the long breeding cycles and avoid manipulation of adult trees; that requires the development of plant regeneration protocols enabling development of plants from transformed tissues. The present work aimed to optimise the regeneration process already established for the species. Cotyledonary leaves of E. camaldulensis were cultured in MS medium supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) combinations. The most efficient treatment for bud indirect regeneration (2.7 µmol L-1 NAA and 4.44 µmol L-1 BAP) was used for further experiments. When explants were kept in the dark during the first 30 days, the percentage of explants forming calluses increased and explant necrosis was reduced in comparison with light-cultured explants. Mineral medium modifications were compared and half-strength MS mineral medium turned out to be as efficient as full-strength medium, producing 54% and 47% of explants with buds, respectively. For shoot elongation, MS medium with half-strength nitrate and ammonium salts, and 0.2% activated charcoal yielded rooted shoots 1 to 8 cm high after one month. The procedure is an efficient protocol for E. camadulensis plant regeneration, reducing the stages necessary for the obtention of complete plants.

scholarly journals Pollen Competition and Paternal Contribution during Artificially Controlled Pollination of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) without Castration

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1416
Author(s):  
Yuhan Sun ◽  
Ruiyang Hu ◽  
Li Dong ◽  
Xiuyu Li ◽  
Zijie Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Black Locust ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Female Parent ◽  
Paternity Analysis ◽  
Male Parent ◽  
Pollen Competition ◽  
Hybrid Breeding ◽  
Contribution Rate ◽  
Controlled Pollination

(1) Background: Considering the serious damage caused by castration and the extremely high outcrossing rate in nature, we hypothesized that artificial controlled pollination of black locust without castration could be conducted for hybridization breeding. (2) Methods: The study conducted controlled pollination on 20 mating combinations of black locust without castration using a single or mixed male parent. Offspring of different developmental stages and the leaves of parents were collected to extract DNA and perform paternity analysis using SSR molecular markers. (3) Results: The contribution rate of each male parent differed according to developmental stage after pollination using different pollens mixed in equal proportions. There were significant correlations between the genetic similarity between each male parent and female parent and contribution rate of each male parent at three different developmental stages after pollination. (4) Conclusions: The composition of offspring pollen donors showed no bias toward selfing or outcrossing when artificially pollinated without castration. Hybrid breeding of black locust by artificially controlled pollination without castration may not be feasible, given that our manual method resulted in a large number of abortive and abnormal offspring. Introduction of honeybees in a limited space to conduct controlled pollination of black locust for hybrid breeding may be feasible.

The Alteration of the Pore Spaces in Sandstones

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
R. E. Ferrell ◽  
G. G. Paulson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
The Other ◽  
Coarse Grained ◽  
Depositional Fabric ◽  
Soluble Components ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Shape And Size

The pore spaces in sandstones are the result of the original depositional fabric and the degree of post-depositional alteration that the rock has experienced. The largest pore volumes are present in coarse-grained, well-sorted materials with high sphericity. The chief mechanisms which alter the shape and size of the pores are precipitation of cementing agents and the dissolution of soluble components. Each process may operate alone or in combination with the other, or there may be several generations of cementation and solution.The scanning electron microscope has ‘been used in this study to reveal the morphology of the pore spaces in a variety of moderate porosity, orthoquartzites.

STUDY OF EFFECT OF EMS, MMS AND GR ON YIELD CONTRIBUTING TRAITS IN URDBEAN, VIGNA MUNGO

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. SAGADE
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Methane Sulphonate ◽  
Pod Length ◽  
100 Seed Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

The study of the effect of three well known mutagens, ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS), methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) and gamma rays (GR) on the yield contributing traits of the urdbean variety TPU-4 were carried out in the M3 generation. Effect of selected mutagenic treatments/doses of EMS (0.02, 0.03 and 0.04 M), MMS (0.0025, 0.05 and 0.01 M) and (GR) (30, 40 and 50 KR) on different yield contributing traits like plant height, plant spread, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight were analyzed in the M3 populations of the variety TPU-4. Seeds of M2 plants and control were harvested separately and sown to raise M3 population.. Genetic variabilty in the mutagen administered M3 progeny of the urdbean variety TPU-4 was analyzed by employing statistical methods. Data on mean values and shift in the mean of seven quantitative traits was evaluated on individual plant basis. The experimental findings revealed that concentrations / dose of the all these mutagens showed inhibitory effect on plant height, number of pods per plant, pod length and number of seeds per pod. Lower concentrations of mutagens exerted a promotory effect on plant spread, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant while higher concentrations of these mutagens inhibited them to different extent.

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