scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bovine Ephemeral Fever in Australia 1981?1985

1987 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Uren ◽  
T D St George ◽  
PD Kirkland ◽  
RS Stranger ◽  
MD Murray
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Northern Half ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Sporadic Cases

Bovine ephemeral fever is an important viral disease of cattle in Australia. The disease occurred each year, principally in summer and autumn, between 1981 and 1985. Queensland and the northern half of New South Wales were areas of greatest activity with only sporadic cases being reported from the Northern Territory and the northern third of Western Australia. Since 1981, the disease has been endemic in an extensive area of eastern Australia and has tended to occur in widely scattered outbreaks rather than the north-south advancing wave form of the epidemics of 1936-37, 1967-68, 1970-71 and 1972-74. The southernmost outbreaks between 1981 and 1985 were well within the limits of these earlier epidemics. The pattern of disease appears to have become seasonally endemic rather than periodically endemic in the northern two-thirds of eastern Australia. Ephemeral fever was not recorded in Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia or the southern part of Western Australia between 1981 and 1985

Coevolutionary patterns in the Linum marginale - Melampsora lini association at a continental scale

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
J J Burdon ◽  
P H Thrall ◽  
G J Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Pathogen Resistance ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Physical Isolation ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Discernible Effect ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Mean

Patterns in the distribution of virulence and resistance in the Linum marginale A. Cunn. ex. Planch – Melampsora lini (Ehrenb.) Lev. host–pathogen interaction that is endemic to Australia were examined in a 3500-km pancontinental comparison. Pathogen isolates derived from Western Australia were virulent on a much greater proportion of hosts from Western Australia than they were on a broad range of L. marginale lines collected throughout eastern Australia. In contrast, the physical isolation of Western Australia had no discernible effect on the distribution of the mean resistance of host lines. Within eastern Australia, isolates collected from Tasmania (isolated by 100 km of sea), southern New South Wales, and South Australia showed varying levels of response in terms of their virulence on host lines originating from the same or other eastern subregions. Finally, across the entire distribution of the pathogen, there was a significant effect of distance such that more distant pathogen isolates were generally less well adapted to host lines than more locally derived ones.Key words: coevolution, pathogen, resistance, rust, speciation, virulence.

The limit to wheat water-use efficiency in eastern Australia. I. Gradients in the radiation environment and atmospheric demand

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Rodriguez ◽  
V. O. Sadras
Keyword(s):  
South Australia ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Diffuse Radiation ◽  
Climatic Index ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Climatic Drivers ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Radiation Use

In the wheatbelt of eastern Australia, rainfall shifts from winter dominated in the south (South Australia, Victoria) to summer dominated in the north (northern New South Wales, southern Queensland). The seasonality of rainfall, together with frost risk, drives the choice of cultivar and sowing date, resulting in a flowering time between October in the south and August in the north. In eastern Australia, crops are therefore exposed to contrasting climatic conditions during the critical period around flowering, which may affect yield potential, and the efficiency in the use of water (WUE) and radiation (RUE). In this work we analysed empirical and simulated data, to identify key climatic drivers of potential water- and radiation-use efficiency, derive a simple climatic index of environmental potentiality, and provide an example of how a simple climatic index could be used to quantify the spatial and temporal variability in resource-use efficiency and potential yield in eastern Australia. Around anthesis, from Horsham to Emerald, median vapour pressure deficit (VPD) increased from 0.92 to 1.28 kPa, average temperature increased from 12.9 to 15.2°C, and the fraction of diffuse radiation (FDR) decreased from 0.61 to 0.41. These spatial gradients in climatic drivers accounted for significant gradients in modelled efficiencies: median transpiration WUE (WUEB/T) increased southwards at a rate of 2.6% per degree latitude and median RUE increased southwards at a rate of 1.1% per degree latitude. Modelled and empirical data confirmed previously established relationships between WUEB/T and VPD, and between RUE and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and FDR. Our analysis also revealed a non-causal inverse relationship between VPD and radiation-use efficiency, and a previously unnoticed causal positive relationship between FDR and water-use efficiency. Grain yield (range 1–7 t/ha) measured in field experiments across South Australia, New South Wales, and Queensland (n = 55) was unrelated to the photothermal quotient (Pq = PAR/T) around anthesis, but was significantly associated (r2 = 0.41, P < 0.0001) with newly developed climatic index: a normalised photothermal quotient (NPq = Pq . FDR/VPD). This highlights the importance of diffuse radiation and vapour pressure deficit as sources of variation in yield in eastern Australia. Specific experiments designed to uncouple VPD and FDR and more mechanistic crop models might be required to further disentangle the relationships between efficiencies and climate drivers.

A revision of Cassinia (Asteraceae: Gnaphalieae) in Australia. 7. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 337
Author(s):  
A. E. Orchard
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
New Name ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
Western Victoria

The present paper completes a revision of the endemic Australian genus Cassinia R.Br. Cassinia subgenus Achromolaena comprises two sections, namely, section Achromolaena of seven species (C. laevis, C. arcuata, C. uncata, C. tenuifolia, C. collina, C. subtropica, and C. quinquefaria), and Cassinia section Siftonia, which contains two species (C. sifton and C. theodorii). Cassinia laevis is divided into western (C. laevis subsp. laevis) and eastern (C. laevis subsp. rosmarinifolia (A.Cunn.) Orchard, comb. et stat. nov.) taxa. Examination of the type of C. arcuata showed that this name is synonymous with C. paniculata, and applies to a relatively rare taxon with whitish capitula arranged in short erect compact panicles, and found in Western Australia, the midlands of South Australia, western Victoria and (formerly) south-western New South Wales. Furthermore, it belongs to section Achromolaena. The taxon with red to brown capitula, widespread throughout south-eastern Australia, which until now has been (incorrectly) known as C. arcuata (Sifton bush) is distinct, but lacks a published name. The name Cassinia sifton Orchard, sp. nov. is here proposed for this taxon. An unfortunate outcome of this discovery is that the sectional name Cassinia section Arcuatae, with C. arcuata as type, becomes synonymous with section Achromolaena. The new name Cassinia section Siftonia is proposed to accommodate Sifton bush (C. sifton) and its narrowly endemic sister species C. theodorii. A summary of the whole genus is provided, with keys to all taxa. Three former subspecies of C. macrocephala are raised to species rank (C. petrapendula (Orchard) Orchard, C. storyi (Orchard) Orchard, C. tenuis (Orchard) Orchard), and it is suggested that C. furtiva Orchard may be conspecific with C. straminea (Benth.) Orchard.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Ephemeral Fever of Cattle in Australia 1975?1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
MF Uren ◽  
T D St George ◽  
RS Stranger
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sequential Pattern ◽  
Subclinical Infection ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Bovine Ephemeral Fever

Ephemeral fever occurred each year in Australia between 1975 and 1981. Since the 1974-75 epidemic, ephemeral fever outbreaks have changed markedly in character and pattern of spread from the previous pattern of spaced explosive epidemics. The outbreaks between 1975 and 1981 were typified by slower-moving epidemics with a general north-south sequential pattern in the eastern States of Queensland and New South Wales. The summer months of January to March were peak months for reports of the disease and quiescence occurred between May and August. Victoria, Tasmania, South Australia and the southern part of Western Australia were free of clinical and subclinical infection with bovine ephemeral fever virius between 1975 and 1981.

Australian endemic Drosophila III. The inornata species-group

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
PA Parsons ◽  
IR Bock
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Species Group ◽  
The North ◽  
Resistant Species ◽  
South West ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Group Species

Amongst Australian non-baitable Dvosophila species, the inornata group of the subgenus Scaptodrosophila dominates in southern Australia. Distribution patterns correspond to the temperate zone flora so that, with one exception, the northerly limit of the group occurs in the southern Queensland upland forests. Amongst non-baitables only inornata-group species occur in south-west Western Australia and South Australia, while the species-group dominates in Victoria and Tasmania. In eastern Victoria and New South Wales other Scaptodrosophila species occur in increasing numbers towards the north, although the inornata group remains dominant. Two species occur exclusively in south-west Western Australia, while one desiccation-resistant species is common on both sides of the Nullabor. Distribution and speciation patterns are discussed in relation to past climates.

In A Fix: Fixed-Term Parliaments in the Australian States

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-298
Author(s):  
Peter Congdon
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
South Wales

Constitutional systems of Westminster heritage are increasingly moving towards fixed-term parliaments to, amongst other things, prevent the Premier or Prime Minister opportunistically calling a ‘snap election’. Amongst the Australian states, qualified fixed-term parliaments currently exist in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Queensland, Tasmania and Western Australia have also deliberated over whether to establish similar fixed-term parliaments. However, manner and form provisions in those states' constitutions entrench the Parliament's duration, Governor's Office and dissolution power. In Western Australia and Queensland, unlike Tasmania, such provisions are doubly entrenched. This article considers whether these entrenching provisions present legal obstacles to constitutional amendments establishing fixed-term parliaments in those two states. This involves examining whether laws fixing parliamentary terms fall within section 6 of the Australia Acts 1986 (Cth) & (UK). The article concludes by examining recent amendments to the Electoral Act 1907 (WA) designed to enable fixed election dates in Western Australia without requiring a successful referendum.

Podospora excentrica. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Minter
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
New South ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
South Australia ◽  
South Wales

Abstract A description is provided for Podospora excentrica. Some information on its associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (South America (Venezuela), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal (Madeira)), Australasia (Australia (New South Wales, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia)), New Zealand, Europe (Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, UK)).

Phytoplasma australiense. [Distribution map].

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution ◽  
Vitis Spp

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Phytoplasma australiense [Candidatus] R.E. Davis et al. Bacteria: Phytoplasmas Hosts: Grapevine (Vitis spp.), pawpaw (Carica papaya) and Phormium tenax. Information is given on the geographical distribution in OCEANIA, Australia, New South Wales, Queensland, South Australia, Victoria, Western Australia, New Zealand.

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