scholarly journals Oxine, Ferric Oxine and Copper Oxine as Inhibitors of Growth and Differentiation of Allomyces macrogynus

1982 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Youatt
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Allomyces Macrogynus ◽  
Comparable Effect ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Trehalose Synthesis

Oxine is an inhibitor of growth and differentiation in A. macrogynus. Growth was inhibited by as little as 4 Jlg/ml and the first effect observed was inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, followed by inhibition of protein synthesis. Consistent inhibition by oxine of the development of zoosporangia in starving plants required a concentration of 60 Jlg/m!. The degradation of RNA, always observed in starving plants, continued in the presence of oxine, showing that this is an independent phenomenon. When glucose was available, oxine increased the synthesis of trehalose without a comparable effect on glycogen synthesis. Cycloheximide increased trehalose synthesis to an even greater extent. The inhibition of glucose metabolism by oxine was concentration- and time-dependent. Oxine inhibition was reversible on transfer to nutrient solutions.

Protein and Nucleic Acid Syntheses in Dark-dormant Common Purslane(Portulaca oleracea)Seed

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 669-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie J. Reger ◽  
Ida E. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Rna Synthesis ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Dark Incubation ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Common Purslane ◽  
H Protein

Dark-incubated common purslane(Portulaca oleraceaL.) seed synthesize very little protein and essentially no nucleic acids. Dark-incubated seed incorporate only 14 × 10−3nmoles14C-leucine/mg protein/12-h dark. In contrast, seed exposed to 12-h light following 24-h dark incubation incorporate 365 × 10−3-nmoles14C-leucine/mg protein/12-h light. Once dormancy is broken by exposure of seed to light, initiation of radicle protrusion occurs at 12 h. Protein synthesis gradually increases with time in the light and precedes nucleic acid synthesis which is associated with radicle protrusion. During the 12-h lag period preceding radicle protrusion protein synthesis increases significantly by 3 to 9 h in light, RNA synthesis by 9 h in light, and DNA synthesis by 12 h in light. After 12 h in light,32P can be detected in all nucleic acid fractions, DNA and RNAs.

Fuel-mediated teratogenesis: biochemical effects of hypoglycemia during neurulation in mouse embryos in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 257 (2) ◽  
pp. E269-E276 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Hunter ◽  
T. W. Sadler
Keyword(s):  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Severe Hypoglycemia ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mouse Embryos ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Glycolytic Metabolism ◽  
Whole Embryo Culture ◽  
Altered Glucose

Hypoglycemia has been reported to induce congenital malformations and growth retardation in rodent embryos during the period of neural tube closure in vitro. However, the biochemical alterations responsible for the production of the dysmorphogenic effects have not been evaluated. Therefore, the rates of glucose metabolism by glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), and anabolic utilization were evaluated in mouse embryos and extraembryonic membranes using the whole embryo culture technique. Altered glucose metabolism by glycolysis and oxidative PPP, as well as altered anabolic synthesis, were produced by exposure to hypoglycemia. In embryos exposed to mild hypoglycemia (80 mg/dl) altered metabolism by the PPP and an associated effect on nucleic acid synthesis were in part responsible for the dysmorphogenic effects of this treatment. In contrast, severe hypoglycemia (40 mg/dl) appeared to have an immediate effect on glycolytic metabolism in addition to effects on the PPP and nucleic acid synthesis. Therefore, a multifactorial biochemical mechanism contributes to the induction of malformations by severe hypoglycemia in mouse embryos in vitro. Furthermore, the differential effects of moderate vs. severe hypoglycemia on glycolytic metabolism, and possibly energy production, may account for the differences in the severity of these treatments on embryonic growth and the incidence of malformations.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Drug Interactions: Systematic Evaluation of Protein and Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yilancioglu
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors

Antimicrobial multidrug resistance and its transmission among strains are serious problems. Success rate is decreased and treatment options are narrowed due to increasing bacterial multidrug resistance. On the other hand, the need for long-term efforts to discover new antibiotics and difficulties finding new treatment protocols make this problem more complex. Combination therapy, especially with synergistic use of antimicrobials is a rational treatment option with huge benefits. Thus, screening antibiotic interactions is crucial for finding better treatment options. Clinicians currently use combinatorial antibiotic treatment as an effective treatment option. However, antibiotics can show synergistic or antagonistic interactions when used together. In our study, we aimed to investigate interactions of antibiotics with different mechanisms of action. Antibiotics, which act as protein synthesis inhibitors (P) and nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (N) were used in our study. We tested 66 (PN), 15 (NN), and 55 (PP) drug pairs on the Escherichia coli strain. The Loewe additivity model was used and alpha scores were calculated for analysis of interactions of drug combinations. Drug interactions were categorized as synergistic or antagonistic. Accordingly, pairwise combinations of protein synthesis inhibitors (PP) showed stronger synergistic interactions than those of nucleic acid synthesis inhibitors (NN) and nucleic acid synthesis–protein synthesis inhibitors (PN). As a result, the importance of mechanisms of action of drugs is emphasized in the selection of synergistic drug combinations.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN NUCLEIC ACIDS, HISTONE AND NON-HISTONE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS IN HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES STIMULATED WITH PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININ

1970 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil B. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Nucleic Acids ◽  
Temporal Relationship ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Culture Period ◽  
Histone Protein ◽  
Pha Stimulation

The temporal relationship between the synthesis of histone and non-histone proteins and nucleic acids has been investigated by autoradiography in PHA stimulated human lymphocytes throughout the 72-hour culture period. It was found that a significant amount of 3H-arginine and 3H-lysine incorporation took place at a time when the cells were actively synthesizing DNA. Non-histone protein synthesis, as evidenced by 3H-tryptophan incorporation, was found to be dependent on PHA stimulation in human lymphocytes. Inhibition of histone and/or non-histone protein synthesis leads to the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis.

scholarly journals Early ribonucleic acid synthesis during the germination of rye (Secale cereale) embryos and the relationship to early protein synthesis

1975 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sen ◽  
P I Payne ◽  
D J Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Ribonucleic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
5S Rna ◽  
Early Protein ◽  
Rrna Molecule ◽  
The Relationship

Incorporation studies with radioactive precursors showed that synthesis of protein and RNA is initiated in germinating embryos of rye within the first hour of imbibition of water. By polyacrylamide-gel fractionations of radioactive nucleic acid components, the appearance of products of transcription of the genome was shown to follow the sequence: heterogeneous (ribonuclease-sensitive) RNA, 4S and 5S RNA by 20min, 31S and 25S rRNA by 40min, and 18S RNA by 60min. “Fingerprint’ analysis of T1-ribonuclease digests show that all the large oligonucleotides present in 25S and 18S RNA are present in the 31S species, indicating that 31S RNA is the precursor rRNA molecule to both 25S and 18S RNA. The importance of these early RNA syntheses and in particular the possible template function of the heterogeneous RNA is discussed in relation to the concept of long-lived mRNA and the coding for protein synthesis in the first hours of germination.

Action of some nitrofuran derivatives on glucose metabolism, ATP levels, and macromolecule synthesis in Escherichia coli

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lu ◽  
D. R. McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Atp Levels ◽  
Insoluble Material ◽  
Nitrofuran Derivatives ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

In Escherichia coli B/r, nitrofurazone (NF; semicarbazone of 5-nitro-2-furaldehyde) at a concentration of 25 μg/ml inhibited nucleic acid synthesis as judged both by chemical analysis and by incorporation of [3H]thymidine and [3H]uracil into acid-insoluble material. This concentration of NF somewhat inhibited glucose and pyruvate oxidation and reduced the ATP levels in treated bacteria. A lower concentration (5 μg/ml), however, increased the ATP levels and stimulated the incorporation of [3H]uracil into acid-insoluble material. AF2 (2-(2-furyl)-3-(5-nitro-2-furyl) acrylamide) at 2.5 μg/ml (a concentration which inhibits [3H]thymidine incorporation to about the same extent as 25 μg/ml NF) inhibited net accumulation of both RNA and DNA but stimulated the incorporation of [3H]uracil. Treatment with AF2 also increased the ATP levels which in turn increased the conversion of [3H]uracil to UTP. AF2 somewhat inhibited the oxidation of glucose and pyruvate to CO2. Nitrofurantoin (25 μg/ml) and furazolidone (15 μg/ml) gave results similar to those with nitrofurazone, while N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide (FANFT) at 5 μg/ml was similar in its action to AF2. There was no direct correlation between inhibition of glucose oxidation or nucleic acid synthesis and killing.In strain NFR 207, a mutant which lacks the O2-insensitive nitrofuran-reductase I and is therefore unable to 'activate' nitrofurans, AF2 up to a concentration of at least 10 μg/ml had essentially no effect on glucose metabolism, ATP levels, incorporation of uracil and thymidine, or accumulation of RNA or DNA. In contrast, nitrofurazone produced effects in NFR 207 which were qualitatively similar to those in B/r but somewhat less extensive. These results indicate that all of the inhibitory effects of AF2 may be due to its metabolites while some of the effects of nitrofurazone are mediated by the unmetabolized drug.

scholarly journals Resistance of protein and glucose metabolism to insulin in denervated rat muscle

1988 ◽  
Vol 254 (3) ◽  
pp. 667-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
T A Davis ◽  
I E Karl
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Glycogen Synthesis ◽  
Denervated Muscle ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Energy Stores ◽  
Glutamate Pyruvate ◽  
Denervated Muscles

Denervated (1-10 days) rat epitrochlearis muscles were isolated, and basal and insulin-stimulated protein and glucose metabolism were studied. Although basal rates of glycolysis and glucose transport were increased in 1-10-day-denervated muscles, basal glycogen-synthesis rates were unaltered and glycogen concentrations were decreased. Basal rates of protein degradation and synthesis were increased in 1-10-day-denervated muscles. The increase in degradation was greater than that in synthesis, resulting in muscle atrophy. Increased rates of proteolysis and glycolysis were accompanied by elevated release rates of leucine, alanine, glutamate, pyruvate and lactate from 3-10-day-denervated muscles. ATP and phosphocreatine were decreased in 3-10-day-denervated muscles. Insulin resistance of glycogen synthesis occurred in 1-10-day denervated muscles. Insulin-stimulated glycolysis and glucose transport were inhibited by day 3 of denervation, and recovered by day 10. Inhibition of insulin-stimulated protein synthesis was observed only in 3-day-denervated muscles, whereas regulation by insulin of net proteolysis was unaffected in 1-10-day-denervated muscles. Thus the results demonstrate enhanced glycolysis, proteolysis and protein synthesis, and decreased energy stores, in denervated muscle. They further suggest a defect in insulin's action on protein synthesis in denervated muscles as well as on glucose metabolism. However, the lack of concurrent changes in all insulin-sensitive pathways and the absence of insulin-resistance for proteolysis suggest multiple and specific cellular defects in insulin's action in denervated muscle.

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